词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

1．All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A．color B．size C．function D．arrangement
2．The storm caused severe damage.
A．physical B．accidental C．serious D．environmental
3．The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A．big B．empty C．long D．new
4．Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted “Joe, Joe, Joe.”
A．repeated B．jumped C．maintained D．approached
5．Do we have to wear these name tags?
A．lists B．forms C．labels D．codes
6．Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.
A．offer B．provide C．modernize D．fund
7．He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
A．encouraged B．allowed C．called D．advised
8．The city center was wiped out by the bomb.
A．covered B．reduced C．destroyed D．moved
9．Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.
A．bring B．digest C．keep D．serve
10．A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A．watched B．shouted C．gathered D．walked
11．The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A．fresh B．hot C．heavy D．windy
12．What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
A．shocks B．influences C．confuses D．concerns
13．I think £7 a drink is a bit steep, don’t you?
A．tight B．low C．cheap D．high
14．The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A．need B．hate C．love D．pity
15．Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A．slightly B．partly C．completely D．faintly
阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes
In the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters —hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires, to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.
Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people don’t feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity.
A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban areas, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings.
Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year.
Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth’s tectonic plates.
Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earth’s crust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planet’s surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, jagged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly — about the same speed as your fingernails grow.
But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plate’s edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.
16．Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
17．The earth quake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
18．Few earthquakes happen without people’s awareness.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
19．Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
20．Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
21．Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
22．The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest “mid-plate” one in history.
A．right B．wrong C．not mention
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Learn about Noble Gases（惰性气体）
1　Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2　People once believed that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases. They were also clustered under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3　The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while Radon is the heaviest.
4　Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have “valence” electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the inherent low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5　Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in recreation, medicine and industries. For instance, Liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person’s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.

23．Paragraph 2 ______
24．Paragraph 3 ______
25．Paragraph 4 ______
26．Paragraph 5 ______

A．What are the applications of noble gases?
B．How were noble gases discovered?
C．What are noble gases?
D．What cause the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?
E．How were noble gases understood in the past?
F．What is the periodic table?


27．Noble gases are not very chemically ______.
28．Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the ____.
29．The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is _____.
30．MRI may make operating on the patient ______.

A．unnecessary
B．complete
C．lightest
D．important
E．flammable
F．reactive


阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Active Gallery: The best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes（长颈鹿）, which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention. We’ve borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat’s eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives（档案）don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright’s pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett’s fish submarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂蚱）--- sounds shocking, doesn’t it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
41．“Cats”, “monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate________.
A．they are highly-evolved species as humans.
B．animals have skills that humans do not possess.
C．humans can learn animals’ skills.
D．they are skillful in different ways.
42．Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A．First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
B．History books.
C．The Wright brothers’ sculpture.
D．Leonardo da Vinci’s bird-like flying machines.
43．What happened after the Wright brothers’ success?
A．People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B．People could fly their airplane for fun.
C．People kept their airplane at a French gallery.
D．People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.
44．Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army?
A．It has changed our life.
B．It has cost a large sum of money.
C．It has improved the abilities of tanks.
D．It has not succeeded yet.
45．What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A．Some animals possess unique skills.
B．Many inventions get ideas from nature.
C．People should protect nature.
D．Bionics is far from perfect.
第二篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
36．Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A．A president.
B．A Buddhist priest.
C．A general.
D．A king.
37．Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A．To make its population grow.
B．To keep it separate from the world.
C．To encourage its people to get rich.
D．To keep its tradition and customs.
38．A country shows its progress with GNP by________.
A．selling more products.
B．spending more money.
C．spending less money.
D．providing more jobs.
39．According to GNH, people are happier if they________.
A．have new technology.
B．can change their religion.
C．have a good, stable government.
D．have more money.
40．Today, many countries are________.
A．using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
B．working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
C．taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
D．trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
第三篇 “Life Form Found” on Saturn’s Titan
Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn’s moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency, NASA, analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn’s biggest moon.
Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing” in Titan’s dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.
They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan’s planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This, they say, points to the existence of some “bugs” consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.
“We suggested hydrogen consumption because it’s the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan, similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,” says NASA scientist Chris McKay. “If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life, it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.”
To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere, though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit), a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan’s surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.
Scientists had expected the Sun’s interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan’s surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.
The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan’s surface can very well have a non-biological explanation, said Mark Allen, a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.
“Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed.” Allen said. “We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process, without biology, can explain these results.”
41．What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?
A．Water-based life on it.
B．Methane—based life on its biggest moon.
C．A new moon moving around it.
D．Earthlike life on its biggest moon.
42．Which of the following statements about Titan is true?
A．It is as large as the earth.
B．There is acetylene on its surface.
C．Water on it as a life supporting medium.
D．Hydrogen consumption is reported to be on it.
43．The expression "this form of life" in paragraph 5 refers to________.
A．water-based life.
B．oxygen-based life.
C．methane-based life.
D．liquid -based microorganisms.
44．It can be inferred from Mark Allen’s address that________.
A．Scientists are trying to conform there is life on Titan.
B．Scientists agree that a chemical reaction is a convincing explanation.
C．Scientists share the opinion that a biological explanation is reasonable.
D．Scientists are arguing over whether there is life on Titan.
45．Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?
A．A different Life Form, a Possibility.
B．Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.
C．Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.
D．Titan, a New Satellite Found.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。 Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed In Youth Sports
Everywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet（网球拍）. And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. __________ (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition. It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. __________ (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. _________ (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun. Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old.__________ (49) The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friends—in short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A researcher’s found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen.__________ (50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sports – to give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.
A．Survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sports.
B．The young soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C．Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
D．Sports for children have two important purposes.
E．But what about the others, the average kids?
F．Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them so hard?
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and ________ (51) development. She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the ________ (52) of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to ________ (53) emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere. “Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound ________ (54) to the growing cities of the world.” says Romero Lankao. “But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents.”
Cities are ________ (55) sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions（干预）that could offer immediate and longer-term _________ (56). The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater __________ (57) for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat ________ (58) paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more ________ (59) in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may ________ (60) basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in sub-standard housing ________ (61) access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.
Local governments, therefore, should take measures to ________ (62) their residents. Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric（言辞）________ (63) meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes. They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning ________ (64). They don’t emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach. ________ (65), she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
51．A．urban B．industrial C．economic D．rural
52．A．occasions B．impacts C．routines D．connections
53．A．reduce B．increase C．study D．measure
54．A．threats B．interests C．implications D．differences
55．A．major B．repeatable C．doubtful D．useful
56．A．signs B．benefits C．chances D．plans
57．A．cost B．moment C．risk D．speed
58．A．locally B．heavily C．suddenly D．mildly
59．A．standard B．meaningful C．serious D．friendly
60．A．provide B．lack C．update D．improve
61．A．with B．without C．in D．on
62．A．identify B．educate C．protect D．evaluate
63．A．less than B．rather than C．more than D．better than
64．A．needs B．wastes C．areas D．resources
65．A．Still B．However C．Moreover D．Thus

参考答案
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（理工类B级）
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C
6 C 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 C
11 A 12 C 13 D 14 B 15 C
16 B 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 A
21 B 22 C 23 E 24 C 25 D
26 A 27 F 28 C 29 B 30 A
31 D 32 C 33 B 34 D 35 A
36 D 37 D 38 A 39 C 40 D
41 B 42 D 43 C 44 A 45 A
46 B 47 E 48 A 49 F 50 C
51 A 52 B 53 A 54 A 55 A
56 B 57 A 58 A 59 C 60 B
61 B 62 C 63 B 64 A 65 D
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。

答案解析
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（理工类B级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．D　题意：这个建筑物的套间布局都完全相同。
句子中layout的意思是布局，布置。A中color的意思是颜色，色彩：例句：Judi’s favorite color is pink.朱迪最喜欢的颜色是粉红色。B中size的意思是大小，尺寸：例句：It was made in the size of the clothes.这是照那件衣服的原尺寸而缝制的。C中function的意思是功能，作用；例句：The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry.各投资银行的主要作用是为产业等集资金。D中arrangement的意思是安排，布局；例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐。故选D。
2．C　题意：风暴造成了严重的损失。
句子中severe的意思是剧烈的，严重的。A中physical的意思是自然(界)的，物质的；例句：On the other hand, we humans，we live in physical world.在另一方面，我们人类是生治在物质世界中。B中accidental的意思是意外的，偶然(发生)的；例句：I put her rudeness down as accidental.我认为她的粗鲁是偶然的。C中serious的意思是严肃的，严重的；例句：He fell off the tree but nothing serious happened.他从树上掉下来，但没有出什么事。D中environmental的意思是(个人)环境的，周围的；例句：They are trying to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.他们正在尽量拓宽讨论范围以纳入环境问题。故选C。
3．B　题意：这面墙是空心砖搭建的。
句子中hollow的意思是空的，空洞的。A中big的意思是大的；例句：My big luggage could stow all of your clothes.我的大旅行箱能装下你所有的衣服。B中empty的意思是空的；例句：That drunkard flung out the empty bottle.那个醉汉把空瓶扔了出来。C中long的意思是长的；例句：His long hair and filthy clothes repelled her.他的长头发和脏衣服使她感到厌恶。D中new的意思是新的；例句：The idea is not new to us.这个想法对我们来说并不新鲜。故选B。
4．A　题意：乔伊走到窗边听到人群中重复喊着：“乔伊！乔伊！乔伊！”
句子中chanted的意思是反复有节奏地喊叫(或唱等)。A中repeated的意思是重复；例句：Repeat this for all the files in the lists.对于列表中的所有文件，重复这个步骤。B中jumped的意思是跳；例句：Gather up your muscles and jump.你收缩肌肉后再跳。C中maintained的意思是保持；保养；坚持；保卫。例句：We must maintain friendly relations with them.我们必须和他们保持友好关系。D中approached的意思是接近，走近；例句：You cannot approach it cautiously.你无法谨慎地靠近它。故选A。
5．C　题意：我们需要戴着胸卡吗？
句子中name tags的意思带有名字的标签，tag是标签的意思。A中lists的意思是名单；例句：There were six names on the list.单子上有6个名字。B中forms的意思是表格；例句：To apply for a job, you must fill out a form.中请工作要填表。C中labels的意思是标签；例句：What is the naming scheme of your Labels? 你的标签命名方案是什么？D中codes意思是编码，代号；例句：That starts from the most basic of codes on up.那是从基本的代码开始往上走起。故选C。
6．C　题意：我们的目标是更新健康设备，我们做到了。
句子中update的意思是更新。A中offer的意思是提供，给予；例句：We all have something important to offer.我们都有些重要的东西可以提供。B中provide的意思是提供，供给；例句：He has two children to provide for.他有两个孩子要抚养。C中modernize的意思是使现代化；例句：First of all, if we want to stay competitive，we need to modernize our factory.首先我们如果要保持竞争力的话，就需要使我们的工厂现代化。D中fund的意思是提供资金。例句：They clubbed a fund of money for poor children.他们为贫穷的孩子们募集了一笑资金。故选D。
7．A　题意：他鼓励很多年轻人运动起来。
句子中inspired的意思是鼓舞，激励。A中encouraged的意思是鼓助，支持；例句：We should encourage them to do so.我们应该鼓励这种做法。B中allowed的意思是允许；例句：Allow me to pose several questions.请允许我提几个问题。C中called的意思是叫，通电话；例句：Please call if you require assistance.如果需要带忙，请打电话。D中advised的意思是建议；例句：We advised her that she (should) wait.我们劝他等会儿。故选A。
8．C　题意：城市中心被炸弹攻陷。
句子中wiped out的意思是歼灭，攻陷。A中covered的意思是覆盖，掩护；例句：She covered the baby up with a blanket.她用毯子把婴儿盖好。B中reduced的意思是减少，降低；例句：They have to reduce expenses this year.他们今年必须削减开支。C中destroyed的意思是破坏，摧毁，消灭，歼灭；例句：Fire destroyed several houses in the area.大火烧毁了该地区的几栋房子。D中moved的意思是移动，搬动；例句：She waited for him to get up, but he didn’t move.她等着他起来，可他没有动。故选C。
9．B　题意：很多婴儿能消化的食物很广泛。
句子中take in的意思是吸收，消化。A中bring的意思是带来，引来；例句：Remember to bring an apron or an old shirt to protect your clothes.记着带一条围裙或一件旧衬衫来保护你的衣服。B中digest的意思是消化，整理，吸收；例句：She couldn’t digest food properly.她无法正常消化食物。C中keep的意思是保持，遵守；例句：I’m hoping you’ll keep your promise to come for a long visit.我希望你会信守诺言，来这里多呆一段时间。D中serve的意思是服务，提供。例句：It is unfair to soldiers who have served their country well for many years.对忠心效力国家多年的士兵们来说，这是不公平的。故选B。
10．C　题意：美国使馆面前聚集了一大群人。
句子中assembled的意思是集合。A中watched的意思是注视，注意；例句：He seems to enjoy watching me work.他似乎喜欢看我干活。B中shouted的意思是呼，喊，叫；例句：He had to shout to make himself heard above the wind.他不得不大喊，好让别人能在风中听见。C中gathered的意思是(使)聚集，集合；例句：In the evenings, we gathered around the fireplace and talked.晚上，我们聚在壁炉旁聊天。D中walked的意思是走，步行，散步；例句：I walked a few steps toward the fence.我向栅栏走了几步。故选C。
11．A　题意：空气清新，50里以外的山峦都能看到。
句子中crisp的意思是新鲜的。A中fresh的意思是新鲜的，新的；例句：A puppy stepped in the fresh cement.一只小狗走到新铺的水泥路面上。B中hot的意思是热的；例句：I was too hot and tired to eat more than a few mouthfuls.我又热又累，只能吃下几口。C中heavy的意思是重的；例句：These scissors are awfully heavy.这些剪刀非常重。D中windy的意思是有风的；例句：And I like windy weather, too.我也喜欢有风的天气。故选A。
12．C　题意：使我疑惑的是，为什么他的书如此受欢迎。
句子中puzzles的意思是使人迷惑。A中shocks的意思是使人震惊；例句：We were shocked by the news of his death.他去世的消息令我们震惊。B中influences的意思是影响；例句：It is not his parents that influence him so much as his teachers.他的父母并不像他的老师对他那样有影响。C中confuses的意思是使困惑；例句：Don’t confuse liberty with license.不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。D中concerns的意思是关系到；关心；例句：The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。故选C。
13．D　题意：我认为七块钱买一杯喝的太贵了，你觉得呢？
句子中steep的意思是过分的，夸张的，极高的。A中tight的意思是紧的，牢固的；例句：This tight jacket binds under the arms.这件紧身夹克衫在他腋下勒得过紧。B中low的意思是低的，矮小的；例句：She banged her head on the low ceiling.她的头砰地撞在低矮的天花板上。C中cheap的意思是便宜的，廉价的；例句：The car went very cheap.这车卖得非常便宜。D中high的意思是高的；例句：They dragged him clown from his high position.他们把他从高职位上拉了下来。故选D。
14．B　题意：他对学生的蔑视是显而易见的。
句子中contempt的意思是轻视，轻蔑。A中need的意思是需要；例句：There’s no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身。B中hate的意思是仇恨，厌恶；例句：He glowers at us with hate.他愤恨地盯着我们。C中love的意思是爱，喜欢；例句：Her letter hints of her love to me.他的来信暗示了她对我的爱。D中pity的意思是怜悯，同情；例句：Pity welled up in her heart as she watched the disabled child.当她看到那个残疾孩子的时候，怜悯之情涌上心头。故选B。
15．C　题念：她关于男人的评论真是一派胡言。
句子中utterly的意思是完全地，彻底地。A中slightly的意思是轻微地；例句：His family then moved to a slightly larger house.他的家后来搬到了一间稍微大一点儿的房子。B中partly的意思是部分地，不完全地；例句：But this forecast was only partly true.但这个预言只是部分地实现了。C中completely的意思是完整地，彻底地；例句：He completely dominates the family.这个家完全由他做主。D中faintly的意思是微弱地，隐约地；例句：Daisy rose, smiling faintly, and went to the table.黛西站了起来，微微一笑，走到桌子前面。故选C。

第2部分：阅读判断
16．B　题意：俄克拉荷马是一个经常遇到自然灾害的地区。
关键词为often经常。根据文中的Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters —hurricanes, tornadoes ,flooding and wildfires, to name a few可知俄克拉荷马并不因地震而闻名，其他类型的灾难也很少在电视上看到，由此可判断奥克拉荷马并不受灾难的眷顾。故选B。
17．A　题意：地震是最不可预测的自然灾害。
根据文中第一段最后一句But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake可知，地震是最难预测的自然突难。故选A。
18．B　题意：人们能感觉到几乎所有的地震。
关键字是few。few是几乎没有的意思，表否定，与a few不同。文中第二段第二句but people don’t feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions说明，在人迹罕至的地区发生的地震，人们是感觉不到的。故选B。
19．C　题意：地震仪能确认和定位中国的很多地震。
文中并未提及中国。故选C。
20．A　题意：八级或以上的地震基本上都发生在板块边缘。
关键字seldom,这也是一个表否定的词汇。文中第五段第二、三句The largest ones register magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur a- long the edges of Earth’s tectonic plates明确指出，八级或更大的地震一般发生在地壳板块边缘。故选A。
21．B　题意：当板块移动时就会发生地震。
根据文中第六段倒数第二句When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur可知，板块互相挤压时才会发生地震，而不是板块一动就地震。故选B。
22．C　题意：200多年前袭击美因东半部的地震是最大的板块中间类型的地震。
文中并未提及200多年前袭击美国东半部的地震是最大的板块中间类型的地震。故选C。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．E　第二段主要讲述过去人们曾以为惰性气体是完全没有活性的。所以E选项How were noble gases understood in the past? “人们过去是如何理解惰性气体的”正确。
24．C　第三段主要解释什么是惰性气体，惰性气体具体包含哪些气体以及惰性气体元素在元素周期表的位置等。所以C选项What are noble gases? “什么是惰性气体”贴合段意。
25．D　第四段主要讲述惰性气体的化学性质稳定，是因为最外层电子满足稳定结构。所以D选项What cause the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? “惰性气体化学性质不活跃的原因”正确。
26．A　第五段第一句Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications就讲明主旨：由于其特性惰性气体有很多重要应用。所以A选项What are the applications of noble gases? “惰性气体的应用”正确。
27．F　题意：惰性气体化学性质不…..。根据第三段第二句These properties include being monatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity可知惰性气体化学性质不活泼。故F选项“活跃的”合适。
28．C　题意：在惰性气体中，氦是……。
根据文中的第三段最后一句Helium has the lowest molecular weight while Radon is the heaviest可得知，氦气是所有惰性气体中最轻的，故选C。
29．B　题意：惰性气体外层电子数应为……。根据第四段第三句Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell可得知，惰性气体外层电子数应全满。故选B。
30．A　题意：磁共振成像(MRI)可使手术……。根据第五段最后一句MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient可知,通过MRI医生可以不通过手术就看到患者头部影像。故选A。

第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．D　题意：第一段列举猫、猴、长颈鹿的例子是为了说明什么？
由第一段第一句…but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having(很多动物的技能是人类梦寐以求的，可确定D选项“动物拥有人类所不具备的技能”是正确的。
32．C　题意：下列哪项可以在档案馆中找到？
根据文中第二段最后一句Our archives don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes可知，档案馆中没有达芬奇的鸟类飞行器，但是有最初的实用飞机。所以C选项First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century是对的。
33．B　题念：怀特兄弟成功后发生了什么？
文中第三段Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature可知怀特兄弟成功后，很多人通过研究大自然的方方面面来改进飞机。这与B选项People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane说法是一致的。
34．D　题意：关于美国军方开展的研究，下列哪项是正确的？
本句的关键词是US Army,回到文章可以看到最后一段都在描述美国军方的设想.但是他们的设想还没有演变成现实。如果能实现的话会改变我们的生活。所以D选项是正确的。
35．A　题意：作者通过这篇文章想告诉我们什么？
通读全文可知，作者意在阐述人类运用仿生学创造了很多发明。所以A选项正确。
第二篇
36．D　题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁？
根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。
37．D　题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么？
根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions,说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。
38．A　题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。
根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。
39．C　题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。
文章第三段集中讲述GNH,人们更幸福包括they have health care，education, and jobs； they live in a healthy, protected environment; they can keep their traditional culture and customs; they have a good, stable government。由此可知C项正确。
40．D　题意：现在，很多国家……。
根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福，故选D。
第三篇
41．B　题意：科学家声称在土星上发现了什么？
根据文章第一段Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn’s moon……the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn’s biggest moon可知，科学家声称在土星最大的卫星上发现了存在甲烷为基础的生命形式。故选B。
42．D　题意：下列关于土卫六的说法哪个是正确的？
根据文章第二段Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing” in Titan’s dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen可知，科学家们报导他们发现了被氢气环绕的土卫六上有原始外星生物“呼吸”的线索，由第三段第二句…they say, points to the existence of some “bugs” consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth，进一步得知这种外星生物是消粍氢气的，故D项正确。由第三段第二句也可知土卫六的大小不到地球的一半，由此A项错误。由第六段Scientists had expected …a coating of acetylene on Titan’s surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface可知，宇宙飞船并没有探测到土卫六表面有乙炔的存在，故B项错误。根据第五段第二、三句On Titan…a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water…much too cold to support life可知以甲烷为基础的生物可以利用液体作为生命活动的介质，但却不是水，故C项错误。所以本题选D。
43．C　题意：第五段中“this form of life”指的是什么？
根据第四段第一句similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth可知耗氧生物体存在于地球上，故B项错误。本段最后一句…it would represent a second form of life independent from water- based life on Earth说明这种生命形式与地球上以水为介质的生物不同，故A项错误。根据第五段though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth…a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes可知这种生命形式的确是以液体为介质进行生命活动的，但并没有明它们是微生物，故C项错误，同时根据本句和第一段最后一句the existence of methane-based form of life得知这种生物是基于甲烷的，故C项正确。故选C。
44．A　题意：通过马克•艾伦的话可以得出什么结论？
根据文中最后一段倒数第一、二句艾伦所说We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process, without biology, can explain these results可知，科学家们希望通过排除法来确定土卫六上生物体的存在，因为他们发现的这些结果也可能以化学反应来解释。故A项正确，而D项“科学家们认为化学反应是令人信服的解释”，C项“科学家们都认为生物学的解释是合理的”都错误。D项具有一定的迷惑性，由最后一段可得知科学家们在为他们所得的数据找出合理的解释，而并不是在争论到底土卫六上有没有生物，故D项错误。所以本题选A。
45．A　题意：下列哪个能取代原标题作为本文的标题？
文章标题是《土卫六上发现的生命形式》，能替代的只有A选项：《其他生命形式的存在是有可能的》。B项Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan,由文章第四、五段可知这种生物形式与地球上的生物是不同的，故B项错误。文章通篇都在谈论关于土卫六上的可能存在的生物，对于C项和D项没有涉及，故C项和D项错误，所以本题选A。

第5部分：补全短文
46．B　句意：少年足球组织有低至5岁的足球队。
本句前…kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries，children can compete…starting at age nine,而后面swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four，这些都在说低龄儿童参与体育项目。所以本处也要谈低龄儿童和体育项目这类的内容，很明显补入B项的内容后意思非常清晰。故选B。
47．E　句意：但是其他普通的孩子呢？
本句前面It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams的a few指出了少部分孩子运动竞技成绩好，此处笔锋一转，转向大多教其他孩子。所以本句选E。
48．A　句意：调查发现79%的年轻运动员家长希望他们的孩子能够专心于从事一项体育运动
此句前面Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it,后面But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport for fun,说明父母和孩子对待体育活动的态度不同，父母希望孩子能专注一项运动，而孩子却希望能从多项活动中获得乐趣，将A项内容补入后，进一步说明父母的态度，正好与后面But—句形成转折关系，所以本题选A。
49．F　句意：幼小的孩童不懂为什么他们的父母把他们逼得那么紧。
本句前一句…most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old说明很多孩子直到7岁才能理解竞赛的含义，补入F项内容后进一步说明幼小的孩子不明白竞赛的含义，所以本题选F。
50．C　句意：他们中的很多人失去了对运动的兴趣。
此句前面70 percent of kids...quit before they turn eighteens说明研究结果，而后面Excessive competitiveness took away all the enjoyment说明过分强调竞赛使人失去运动的乐趣，所以此处选C项，补充前面的研究结果，且与后文形成递进关系。故选C。

第6部分：完形填空
51．A　根据前文的A new examination of urban policies,且全文都在谈关于城市的问题，多次出现cities，urban，所以此处应该选urban,表明Lankao是一位环境变化与城市规划方面的专家。故选A。
52．B　此处的句意是“承受环境改变的……”。很显然，此处应该选择有“影响、后果”等词义的词。备选项中A项occasions“场合、情况”，B项impacts“影响”，C项routines “惯例”，D项connections “联系”。只有B项贴合句意，所以选B。
53．A　本句的句意是：大部分城市都未能……二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量。选项中只有reduce有“减少”的意思，因此A项正确。B项increase“增加”，C项study“研究，学习”，D项measure “衡量，测资”用于此处均不合适。故本题选A。
54．A　文章标题为Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities，本句的意思与标题呼应，因此当填入与risks意思相近的词，只有A项threats(威胁)合适，而B项interests“利益，兴趣”，C项implications“含义，暗示”，D项differences“区别，差异”均不符合文意。故本题选A。
55．A　句意为：城市是温室气体的……来源。很显然此处要选具有“主要”意思的词汇，故选major。B项repeatable“可重复的”，C项doubtful“可疑的”，D项useful“有用的”都不符合句意。故本题选A。
56．B　根据上下文可知城市具名最容易受到气候变化的危害，所以Lankao建议地方政府要介入保护居民，而这会带来即刻的长期的益处，因此B项benefits合适，而A项signs “迹象”，C项chances“机会”，D项plans“计划”均不符合文意。故选B,
57．A　at the moment接of,意为“在…时刻”；risk —般也与of搭配，at risk of意为“冒…的风险”；at speed of意为“…的速度”。只有A项cost能与for搭配，at the cost for意为“以…为代价”，此句意思是城市密集的建设模式和选址常常以居民面临自然灾害为代价，所以本题选A。
58．A　从more than后面的surrounding areas(周边地区)可以看出相对比的一定是本地，所以选locally。而其他选项意思均不合适。故本题选A。
59．C　此处句意为：这类自然灾害的影响对城市环境而言更具……。后面一句紧接着举例说明所带来的影响。备选项的意思分别为A项“标准的”，B项“有意义的”，C项“严重的”，D项“友好的”。由句意和下文可知只能选serious,表示城市受到的影响更加严重。故本题选C。
60．B　此处句意为：长时间的热浪可能使可怜的左邻右里……基本的设施。灾难只能使人们缺少物资，绝对不会是“提供”(A项)、“更新”(C项)或者“改进”(D项)所以选C项lack。
61．B　此句承接上一句，仍是讲缺少物资的窘境。所以此处选B项without。
62．C　此处句意为：当地政府应该承担起……其居民的责任。关于政府对居民的职责在前文第一段最后一句有表述too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents，所以此处选C项protect。
63．B　此处句意为：不幸的是，他们(政府)总是语言上的巨人，行动上的矮子。在说和干之间表示政府的两面性，应该用rather than,表示“是…而不是 ”。其他三个都是比较级，而不是表转折。因此本题选B。
64．A　此处句意为：他们不加强建设标准，以减少供暖和空调的……。根据后文的reduce automobile use,此处用“需求”比较适合。所以选A项needs。
65．D　最后一句是是对前文的一个总结和结果陈述，所以选thus,表示因此，still意为“仍然，尽管如此”，有转折的意味；however做连词意为“然而，但是”，是表示转折的常用连词；moreover意为“此外，而且”，表示更一步的说明或者补充。因此本题选D。