词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

1．Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A．slightly B．partly C．faintly D．completely
2．We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.
A．overtook B．passed C．found D．hit
3．He has been granted asylum in France.
A．power B．relief C．protection D．license
4．When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a peep.
A．chance B．visit C．try D．look
5．The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A．hot B．fresh C．heavy D．windy
6．He was weary of the constant battle between them.
A．fond B．proud C．afraid D．tired
7．Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.
A．modernize B．offer C．provide D．fund
8．New born babies can discriminate between a man’s and a woman’s voice.
A．distinguish B．treat C．express D．analyze
9．Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.
A．description B．success C．evidence D．plan
10．Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.
A．teach B．help C．attract D．discourage
11．He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.
A．control B．ease C．experience D．suffer
12．The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.
A．stored B．blocked C．refreshed D．erased
13．She moves from one exotic location to another.
A．familiar B．unusual C．similar D．proper
14．The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A．empty B．big C．long D．new
15．All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A．color B．arrangement C．size D．function
阅读判断

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Europa’s watery underworld
Europa, one of Jupiter’s 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Miles within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.
Since we can’t go diving into Europa’s depths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moon’s surface for clues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.
Pictures of Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth’s moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.
For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting.
“It would be great if these lakes harbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. “But even if they didn’t, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now.”
Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldn’t rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures.
“Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,” Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.
The new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.
16．The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated as much as of the US Great lakes.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
17．The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of an underground water pool.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
18．Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiter’s moons.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
19．The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earth’s moon.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
20．Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists studying Europa.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
21．The formations on Europa’s surface are rather unique in the universe.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
22．The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support environment.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mention
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Learn about Noble Gases（惰性气体）
1　Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2　People once believed that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases. They were also clustered under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3　The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while Radon is the heaviest.
4　Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have “valence” electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the inherent low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5　Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in recreation, medicine and industries. For instance, Liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person’s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.

23．paragraph 2 ______
24．paragraph 3 ______
25．paragraph 4 ______
26．paragraph 5 ______

A．what is the periodic table?
B．What are noble gases？
C．What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?
D．How were noble gases discovered?
E．How were noble gases understood in the past?
F．what are the applications of noble gases?



27．Noble gases are not very chemically ______________
28．Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the ______________
29．The required number of electrons in noble gases’ outer shell is _____________
30．MRI may make operating on the patient _____________

A．reactive
B．lightest
C．important
D．complete
E．flammable
F．unnecessary


阅读理解
第一篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
31．Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A．A president.
B．A Buddhist priest.
C．A general.
D．A king.
32．Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A．To make its population grow.
B．To keep it separate from the world.
C．To encourage its people to get rich.
D．To keep its tradition and customs.
33．A country shows its progress with GNP by________.
A．selling more products.
B．spending more money.
C．spending less money.
D．providing more jobs.
34．According to GNH, people are happier if they________.
A．have new technology.
B．can change their religion.
C．have a good, stable government.
D．have more money.
45．Today, many countries are________.
A．using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
B．working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
C．taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
D．trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
第二篇 Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain
For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It’s not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download, and it’s not as sleek as cognitive inception, but it’s still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learning process. They were examining the adult brain’s aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a person’s performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants’ brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants’ brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
“Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write, “or the activation in one region relative to that in another region.”
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning, the researchers said.
“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature, without presenting the feature or subjects’ awareness of what was to be learned,” Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
“It can ‘incept’ a person to acquire new learning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a person’s awareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write.
36．What have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?
A．Discover a person’s learning process in the brain.
B．Make a person know how to do something without learning.
C．Set up different learning patterns for different people.
D．Enable people to learn kung fu instantly.
37．What helps a person to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning?
A．Testing
B．Encouragement
C．Self-assessment
D．Repetition
38．Which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?
A．They learned how to control MRL machines in the experiment
B．They were not told what to be learned in the experiment
C．They were paid to take part in the experiment
D．They were not cooperative in the experiment
39．The finding of the study is most significant in that learning
A．is full of fun
B．is visualized
C．happens unconsciously
D．becomes unnecessary
40．Who are most likely to benefit from the study?
A．Teenagers
B．Musicians
C．Senior people
D．Athletes
第三篇 Small But Wise
On December 14, NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit( this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space — but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars — which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
41．What is so special about WISE?
A．It is as small as a trashcan.
B．It is small in size but carries a large camera.
C．Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D．Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
42．The camera on WISE
A．is equipped with expensive computers.
B．produces images of objects giving off infrared radiation.
C．reflects light visible to the human eyes.
D．is similar to an ordinary digital camera.
43．It is true that infrared radiation.
A．is not detectable to humans.
B．looks brighter than visible light.
C．is visible light reflected off an object.
D．has longer waves than those of visible light.
44．Which of the following statements about asteroids is NOT true?
A．The WISE telescope can catch and take pictures of them.
B．They do not reflect light that reaches them.
C．They float through space giving off visible light.
D．They are invisible to ordinary cameras.
45．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs.
A．give off infrared radiation.
B．are power stars like the sun.
C．become massive and active
D．are invisible to the WISE telescope.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。 The Mysteries of Nazca
In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified（迷惑）people for decades. _______ (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.
Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. _______ (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle（记录）of the movement of the stars and planets. _______ (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. _______ (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. _______ (50)
A．Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.
B．The largest picture may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
C．He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”
D．A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.
E．Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
F．Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
完形填空

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Solar Power without Solar Cells
A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
The researchers found a way to make an “optical _____ (51),” said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.
Light has electric and magnetic _____ (52). Until now, scientists thought the effect of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be _____ (53). What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not _____ (54) electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength ____ (55) to a strong electric effect.
“This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation,” Rand said. “In solar cells, the ____ (56) goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power ____ (57). What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification,” says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light’s electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling ____ (58) of the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to ___ (59) in a battery.
Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light’s magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through a ____ (60) that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter. Sunlight isn’t this _____ (61) on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.
“In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost _____ (62) effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,” Fisher said.
This new _____ (63) could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to useable energy. That’s equivalent to today’s commercial-grade solar cells.
“To manufacture modem solar cells, you have to do ____ (64) semiconductor processing,” Fisher said. “All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for _____ (65). It’s already made in bulk, and it doesn’t require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better. ”
51．A．disc B．fiber C．instrument D．battery
52．A．applications B．components C．resources D．differences
53．A．concerned B．ignored C．expected D．noticed
54．A．conduct B．produce C．use D．consume
55．A．reactive B．preferable C．due D．equivalent
56．A．light B．electricity C．chemical D．gas
57．A．plant B．source C．equipment D．line
58．A．up B．down C．apart D．together
59．A．this B．those C．that D．these
60．A．material B．device C．detector D．meter
61．A．bright B．faint C．visible D．intense
62．A．more B．as C．much D．such
63．A．skill B．technology C．miracle D．prototype
64．A．extensive B．interactive C．selective D．intensive
65．A．all B．some C．others D．both

参考答案
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（理工类A级）
1 D 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 B
6 D 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 C
11 B 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 B
16 A 17 B 18 C 19 B 20 B
21 B 22 A 23 E 24 D 25 D
26 F 27 A 28 B 29 D 30 F
31 C 32 C 33 A 34 B 35 D
36 A 37 D 38 B 39 B 40 C
41 C 42 B 43 D 44 C 45 A
46 F 47 D 48 C 49 B 50 E
51 D 52 B 53 B 54 A 55 D
56 A 57 B 58 C 59 C 60 A
61 D 62 B 63 B 64 A 65 D
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。

答案解析
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（理工类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．D　题意：她关于男人的评论真是一派胡言。
句子中utterly的意思是完全地，彻底地。A中slightly的意思是轻微的；例句：My interest in music has languished slightly.我对音乐的兴趣有点减退。B中partly的意思是部分地，不完全地；例句：The transformation is partly due to demographics.这一变化一定程度上是源于人口的变化。C中faintly的意思是微弱地，隐约地；例句：One can faintly discern the flavour of lemon.可以隐约觉得有一点柠檬味。D中completely的意思是完整地，彻底地；例句：I understand completely.我完全明白。故选D。
2．D　题意：我们差点撞上前面一辆没有打信号灯的劳斯菜斯。
句子中run into的意思是碰撞。A中overtook的意思是追上，赶上；例句：A car overtook me although I was going very fast.我虽然开得很快，还是被一辆汽车超过了。B中passed的意思是通过，传递；例句：The bill passed and became law.议案通过后成了法律。C中found的意思是发现；例句：We have found oil under the North Sea.我们在北海发现了石油。D中hit的意思是打击，碰撞；例句：She hits at him.她朝他打去。故选D。
3．C　题意：他被允许在法国避难。
句子中asylum的意思是庇护，政治避难。A中power的意思是动力，力量，政权；例句：A man should rely upon his own power.人应该依靠自身的力量。B中relief的意思是宽慰，免除，救援物资；例句：Relief was quickly sent to the sufferers from the great fire.救济品很快被送到遭受火灾的灾民手中。C中protection的意思是保护；例句：He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。D中license的意思是许可证，执照。例句：His license was suspended for six months.他的执照被吊销6个月。故选C。
4．D　题意：当我听到隔壁的响声的时候，忍不住要偷看几眼。
句子中peep的意思是窥视，偷看。A中chance的意思是机会，机遇；例句：Please give me a chance to explain.请给我个机会让我解释一下。B中visit的意思是访问，探望；例句：News of the Queen’s visit set the whole town astir.女王到访的消息轰动全城。C中try的意思是尝试，试验，努力；例句：It’s worth a try.这值得一试。D中look的意思是看，眺；例句：Let’s have a look at your electronic computer.让我们瞧一瞧你们的电子计算机。故选D。
5．B　题意：空气清新，50里以外的山峦都能看到。
句子中crisp的意思是新鲜的。A中hot的意思是热的，辣的；例句：This dish is a bit hot.这道菜有些辣。B中fresh的意思是新鲜的，新的；例句：Open the window and let in some fresh air.打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。C中heavy的意思是重的；例句：The lead is heavy and the plastic is light.铅是重的，而塑料是轻的。D中windy的意思是有风的；例句：Hold on to the hat on a windy day.在有风的日子里请紧紧抓住帽子。故选B。
6．D　题意：他厌倦了他们之间没完没了的斗争。
句子中be weary of的意思是厌倦的。A中be fond of的意思是喜欢；例句：He was fond of celery.他喜欢吃芽菜。B中be proud of的意思是感到自豪；例句：He was proud of what he had done.他因自己所作的事感到自豪。C中be afraid of的意思是感到害怕；例句：She lives in mortal terror of her husband’s anger.她极度害怕她丈夫发脾气。D中be tired of的意思是讨厌，厌倦；例句：He was tired of running errands for his sister.他已厌烦给姐姐当跑腿了。故选B。
7．A　题意：我们的目标是更新健康设备，我们做到了。
句子中update的意思是更新。A中modernize的意思是使现代化；例句：They have failed to modernize their factories.他们没能使他们的工厂现代化。B中offer的意思是提供，给予；例句：We offer a free backup service to customers.对顾客我们提供免费配套服务。C中provide的意思是提供，供给；例句：Sheep provide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。D中fund的意思是提供资金；例句：I regret to say we cannot sec our way clear to fund the project.我很抱歉，我们无意为此项工程提供资金。故选A。
8．A　题意：新生儿能区分男人和女人的声音。
句子中discriminate的意思是区别，辨出。A中distinguish的意思是区分，辨别；例句：Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。B中treat的意思是款待，招待，对待；例句：Do not treat a naughty child rough.不要粗暴地对待顽皮的孩子。C中express的意思是表达，快递；例句：He is still unable to express himself in English.他仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。D中analyze的意思是分析，解释；例句：Can you analyze the structure of the sentence for me? 你能给我分析一下这个句子的结构吗？故选A。
9．A　题意：每周杂志都会刊登一名体育明星的个人简介。
句子中profile的意思是个人简介。A中description的意思是描述，形容；例句:The scenery is beautiful beyond descriptions.那风景美丽得难以形容。B中success的意思是成功，成就；例句：The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success.该学校仅开办了六个月，现在还很难估计它的成就。C中evidence的意思是证词，证据；例句：Evidence weighted against the defendant.证词很不利于被告。D中plan的意思是计划；打算，平面图；例句：Her plan is merely a castle in the sky.她的方案简直是天方夜谭。故选A。
10．C　题意：什么也不能引诱我再给他投一次票了。
句子中induce的意思是引诱。A中teach的意思是教，训练；例句：I taught her to ride a bicycle.我教她骑自行车。B中help的意思是帮助；例句：Your advice helped me a lot.你的意见对我大有帮助。C中attract的意思是吸引，诱惑；例句：The government is trying to attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.政府正在试图吸引更多资金投资到造船业方面来。D中discourage的意思是使气馁，使沮丧；例句：He is easily discouraged by difficulties and obstacles.他遇到困难和阻碍就容易泄气。故选C。
11．B　题意：他稍微换了个姿势，以减轻腿部的疼痛。
句子中alleviate的意思是减轻，缓和。A中control的意思是控制，管理；例句：He has little control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。B中ease的意思是缓解，减少；例句：The pain began to ease up after she was given a sedative.给她吃了一片镇痛药后，她的疼痛开始减轻。C中experience的意思是经验，体验；例句：You didn’t experience that, so you don’t know where the shoe pinches.你没有亲身经历过，所以你不知道困难在什么地方。D中suffer的意思是受痛苦；例句：I won’t stand by and let him suffer like this.我不会袖手旁观，让他这样受苦。故选B。
12．C　题意：这些照片勾起了我们对法国度假的强烈回忆。
句子中evoked的意思是引起，唤起。A中stored的意思是储存；例句：The barn can store five tons of grain.这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。B中blocked的意思是堵塞，阻碍；例句：Hundreds of policemen were summoning up to block the main roads.几百名警察集合起来，阻住了主干道。C中refreshed的意思是使恢复，使振作；例句：Please refresh my memory as to where we have met before.请提示一下，以前我们在什么地方见过。D中erased的意思是擦掉，抹去；例句：She couldn’t erase the incident from memory.她难以忘记那次事件。故选C。
13．B　题意：她在异国他乡辗转。
句子中exotic的意思是异国的，奇异的。A中familiar的意思是熟悉的；例句：I am not really familiar with the local laws.实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。B中unusual的意思是不常见的，独特的；例句：I look on the matter as most unusual.我认为这件事极不寻常。C中similar的意思是类似的；例句：The two buildings are similar on the whole.从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。D中proper的意思是适当的；例句：He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一个合适的回答。故选B。
14．A　题意：这面墙是空心砖搭建的。
句子中hollow的意思是空的，空洞的。A中empty的意思是空的；例句：The old empty house soon went to rack and ruin.这所旧的空房子很快就毁坏了。B中big的意思是大的；例句：New York is a big commercial city.纽约是一座大的商业城市。C中long的意思是长的；例句：She was slender and had long dark hair.她身材苗条，有一头长长的黑发。D中new的意思是新的；例句：They sell new and used furniture.他们出售新旧家具。故选A。
15．B　题意：这个建筑物的套间布局都完全相同。
句子中layout的意思是布局，布罝。A中color的意思是颜色，色彩；例句：This is a sort of indeterminate color.这是一种说不清的颜色。B中arrangement的意思是安排，布局；例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐。C中size的意思是大小，尺寸；例句：The size of the apples varied.那些苹果大小不同。D中function的意思是功能，作用；例句：What is his function on the committee? 他在委员会里担任什么职务？故选B。

第2部分：阅读判断
16．A　题意：据估计木卫二的地下水池的蓄水量与北美五大湖一样多。
根据文章第二段最后一句concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes，可知题干表述正确。故选A。
17．B　题意：木卫二独特冰层是由于地下水池的水而产生的。
根据第三段最后一句The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface和第六段最后一、二句that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures可得知木卫二独特冰层的产生可能是因为不同温度的水和冰混合起来造成的，所以题干说法有误。故选B。
18．C　题意：木卫二作为木星的卫星是最近发现的。
文章第一段第一句Europa，one of Jupiter’s 63 known moons中只提及木卫二是木星63颗卫星之一，并没有说木卫二是最近发现的。故选C。
19．B　题意：木卫二比月球大一点。
根据文章第三段第一句Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth’s moon表明木卫二比月球稍小。所以题干说法是错误的。故选B。
20．B　题意：施密特与她的同事是最早对木卫二展开研究的科学家小组。
从第三段倒数第二句For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations我们可以得知，十多年前已经有科学家对木卫二进行研究了，所以题干说法错误的。故选B。
21．B　题意：木卫二的地貌在宇宙中是非常独特的。
从第六段第二到五句they searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland…scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa可知南极冰架和冰岛火山冰盖也存在着相似的结构，所以木卫二的地貌并不是独一无二的。故选B。
22．A　题意：存在液态水对维持生命的环境是必要的。
根据文章第一段最后一句Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well和最后一段That mixture may create an environment that supports life，可知液态水对于生命来说必不可少，因此题干表述正确。故选A。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．E　第二段主要讲述过去人们曾以为惰性气体是完全没有活性的。所以E选项How were noble gases understood in the past? “人们过去是如何理解惰性气体的”正确。
24．D　第三段主要解释什么是惰性气体，惰性气体具体包含哪些气体以及惰性气体元素在元素周期表的位置等。所以D选项What are noble gases? “什么是惰性气体”贴合段意。
25．D　第四段主要讲述惰性气体的化学性质稳定，是因为最外层电子满足稳定结构。所以D选项What cause the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? “惰性气体化学性质不活跃的原因”正确。
26．F　第五段第一句Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications就讲明主旨：由于其特性惰性气体有很多重要应用。所以F选项What are the applications of noble gases? “惰性气体的应用”正确。
27．A　题意：惰性气体化学性质不……。根据第三段第二句These properties include being monatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity可知惰性气体化学性质不活泼。故A选项“活跃的”合适。
28．B　题意：在惰性气体中，氦是……。
根据文中的第三段最后一句Helium has the lowest molecular weight while Radon is the heaviest可得知，氦气是所有惰性气体中最轻的。故选B。
29．D　题意：惰性气体外层电子数应为……。根据第四段第三句Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell可得知，情性气体外层电子数应全满。故选D。
30．F　题意：磁共振成像（MRI）可使手术……。根据第五段最后一句MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain. without operating on the patient可知，通过MRI，医生可以不通过手术就看到患者头部影像。故选F。

第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．D　题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁？
根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。
32．D　题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么？
根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions,说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。
33．A　题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。
根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。
34．C　题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。
文章第三段集中讲述GNH,人们更幸福包括they have health care，education, and jobs； they live in a healthy, protected environment; they can keep their traditional culture and customs; they have a good, stable government。由此可知C项正确。
35．D　题意：现在，很多国家……。
根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福，故选D。
第二篇
36．A　题意：通过这项研究科学家能够做什么？
文章第一句For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain就点明研究们者第一次检测到大脑的学习过程，所以A项正确。根据文章第七段This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning得知实验对象没有意识到他们学到了什么，但是这不代表他们没有在学习，所以B项错误。根据文章第二段Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician，and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity可知未来有可能解码运动员或者音乐家们脑内活动的类型，而以此作为基准来教别人新技能，所以C项说法错误。根据文章第一段It’s not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download，可知D项也是错误的。故本题选A。
37．D　题意：一个人在视知觉学习中学习某项工作时，什么能帮助他做得更好？
从第三段第二句…VPL，in which repetitive training improves a person’s performance on a particular task可得知，通过对成人的视知觉学习研究，重复训练会提高一个人某项工作的表现。A项testing意为“测试”；B项encouragement意为“鼓勘”；C项self-assessment意为“自我评价”；D项意为“重复”。故选D。
38．B　题意：关于实验参与者下列哪项的叙述是正确的？
A项意为“实验参与者学会了如何控制MRI机器”，文章只有第五段第一句The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines出现MRI machines这个词，而本句与A项毫不相干，所以A项错误。根据第五段第二、三句The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant可知B项“实验中没有告知他们要学到什么”正确，与文中说法相符。C项意为“他们参加实验会获得报酬”，而上文的意思是他们被告知会得到与disc大小成正比的一笔奖金，bonus意为“奖金”，故C项错误。 D项意为“他们不配合实验”，与文意不符，实际上学者们很顺利地完成了实验，所以D项错误。故选B。
39．B　题意：这项研究结果意义重大在于学习……。
根据文章第八段The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature表明人们可以观察到大脑活动，包括学习。这也是正是此项研究的意义所在。故选B。A项与D项文章并未提及，故错误。
40．C　题意：最有可能从这项研究中受益的是什么人？
根据文章最后一段It can ‘incept’ a person to acquire new learning, skills，or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a person’s awareness of what is learned or memorized说明此项技术可以摄取或重置人头脑中的知识、技能或者记忆等。全文都在谈成年人，故A项错误，而B项和D项以偏概全，故错误。所以本题选C。
第三篇
41．C　题意：WISE的特别之处是什么？
根据文章第一段最后一句…WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe…和第二段we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before可得知，WISE最特别之处在于其小小身材却携带了很强大的数码相机，而且这个相机可以拍摄到我们不曾看到过的外层空间。所以C项正确。而A项和B项的叙述不够全面。由第七段第一句That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t可推断出错误。故本题选C。
42．B　题意：WISE携带的相机……。
根据文章第四段最后一句the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation和第五段第三、四句When an ordinary digital camera—receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree…puts the image together可得知，WISE所携带的相机与普通相机不同，普通相机是通过可见光的反射拍摄物体，而WISE是通过红外辐射拍摄照片。所以B项正确，C项和D项错误。对于A项的叙述文章并未提及。故本题选B。
43．D　题意：对于红外辐射……是正确的。
根据文章第六段第一句Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light和最后一句Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin可知，红外辐射的光波比可见光波长，且红外辐射是不可见的，但是能被感知。所以D项说法正确，而A、B、C三项的说法都是错误的。故本题选D。
44．C　题意：下列关于小行星的说法哪项是不正确的？
根据文章倒数第二段第三至五句Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space— but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation，so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them可得知小行星不反射光，却发出红外辐射。所以C项中小行星发射可见光的说法是错误的。而A项、B项和D项说法正确。故本题选C。
45．A　题意：从最后一段可以推断出棕矮星……。
通过最后一段最后一句They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow可以得知，棕矮星红外光谱可测，证明它们发射红外辐射，所以A项正补。本段第二句These objects are “failed” stars—which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun明确说明棕矮星与像太阳的供能星不同，所以B项错误。由本段第三句brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down可知棕矮星并不治跃，所以C项错误。由本段第一句Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures可知WISE可以拍摄到棕矮星，所以D项错误。故本题选A。

第5部分：补全短文
46．F　句意：从地面上，它像是地球背上的抓痕。
本处后一句But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth描述的是从空中看“纳斯卡线”的情景，but表示转折。而F项的内容说明的是从地面上看“纳斯卡线”的情景，两句话正好形成对照，且文意非常通顺，所以本题选F。
47．D　句意：瑞士作家艾里希•冯•达尼肯写道：“纳斯卡线被设计作为UFO的降落地点。”
本处后一句However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys有关键词land a spaceship，而与D项内容的landing place for UFOs形成呼应，所以本题选D。
48．C　句意：他称纳斯卡为“世界上最大的天文书”。
本处前一句In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle of the movement of the stars and planets说明Paul Kosok认为纳斯卡线是星与星球运转的记录，而本处后一句Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer讲述有天文学家验证他的理论。本处上下文都在讲Paul Kosok的观点，而将C项内容补入后，前后文意清晰，所以本题选C。
49．B　句意：最大的图块可能曾是某些特别仪式的地点。
本段第一句…the lines may have been made for religious reasons说明纳斯卡线可能与宗教有关系，而下一句Tony Morrison investigated…and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road讲述Tony Morrison发现当地人都在路边祈祷的习搭，B项的关键词ceremonies与religious reasons与pray呼应，所以本题选B。
50．E　句意：其他科学家如今正搜寻证据来证明这个说法。
最后一段围绕着David Johnson和Steve Mabee两位科学家的观点展开论述，而E项的内容说明其他科学家对这二人观点的态度是他们在找证据来支持这个观点。故本题选E。

第6部分：完形填空
51．D　通过文章题目可知全文在讲太阳能相关的应用。第一段最后一句lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells, solar cells意为“太阳能电池”，根据文意此句意为：研究者们找到了制造光学……的方法，只有D项battery符合。optical battery意为“光学电池”，与solar cells相对应。A项disc“圆盘，唱片，磁盘”，B项fiber“光纤，（织物的）质地，纤维，纤维物质”，C项instrument“仪器，手段，工具”都不合适。故本题选D。
52．B　此处意为：光中有电和磁……。A项application “适用，运用”；B项components（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分”，C项resources“资源”，D项differences“差别，差异”，只有B项符合句意。故本题选B。
53．B　从下文100 million times stronger than previously expected可知这里应该选B项，意为以前科学家们认为磁场效应太弱以致到了可忽略的地步。so... that...表示太……了以至于……。A项concerned “涉及，关心，参与，卷入，使担忧”，C项expected“期望，预料，要求，认为（某事）会发生”， D项noticed“注意，通知”都不符合句意。故本题选B。
54．A　根据文意及下文第五段第二句…does not conduct electricity, such as glass的提示。可知此处应该选A项，conduct electricity意为“导电”，本句意为当光通过不导电的材料时，可产生相比以前所认为的10亿倍的磁效应。B项produce“生产，制作”，C项use“用，行使”，D项consume“消耗，耗尽”都不符合句意。故本题选A。
55．D　此句意为：在这些条件下，磁效应产生的力……强的电效应。A项reactive“反应的，活性的”，B项preferable"更好的，更可取的，略胜一筹的”，C项due“预定，适当的，应有的，由于”，D项equivalent“相当的，等价的”，equivalent to意为“相当于……”。根据句意，应该选D，其他选项意思都不合适。故本题选D。
56．A　此句意为：太阳能电池中，……进入材料，被吸收然后产生热。全文都在讲电光磁，因此A项light正确。B项electricity“电力，电流”,C项chemical“化学物品”，D项gas“气体’’都不符合句意。故本题选A。
57．B　此句意为：强磁化可以通过强光诱导产生，最终它可以提供电容性的……。A项plant “植物，设备，工厂”，B项source“本源，源头”，C项equipment“设备，装备”，D项line“线路，线条”。 power source意为“电力”，符合句意。故本题选B。
58．C　此句意为：光电场能导致电荷分离，或者将材料中的正负电荷……。很明显，后半句和前半句的意思相同，所以本题选C项apart“分散地，分开地”。其他选项都不合适、故本题选C.
59．C　此句意为：这样便形成一个电压，与电池里的……类似。此处要填入一个代词，指代前面的voltage，故本题选C。
60．A　此句意为：光要射入不导电的……，如玻璃。很显然玻璃是一种不导电的介质，与前文through a material that does not conduct electricity相呼应，所以A项“材料，介质”为正确。而B项device“装罝，设备”，C项detector“探测器，检测器”，D项meter“测量仪表，计量器”都不符合句意。故本题选A。
61．D　此句意为：太阳光本身没有这么……，但是正在寻找的新介质可以在低的强度下运转。intense与前面an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter和后面的at lower intensities相呼应，所以本题选D项intense“强烈的”。A项bright“明亮的”，B项faint“微弱的，模糊的”，C项visible “看得见的，明显的”用于此处都不合适，故本题选D。
62．B　as... as...意为“同……一样达到某种程度，与……等同”，此句意为：像大阳光的非相干光在理论上几乎和激光一样能够有效地导致电荷分离。故本题选B。
63．B　此句意为：这项新的……能使太阳能更低廉。A项skill“技能，技巧”，用于指人具有专门知识，业务精通，且经验丰富，B项technology“技术”, C项miracle“奇迹”，D项prototype“原型，雏形”，根据文意应该为新技术，故选B。
64．A　此句意为：制造太能电池，必须进行……半导体加工。A项extensive“广阔的，广泛的”，B项interactive“互相作用的，相互影响的”，C项selective“精选的”，D项intensive“加强的，强烈的”。文中意思应为大量的半导体加工，故本题选A。
65．D　根据上一句可知，玻璃集合了lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it两者需求，所以此处用both。故本题选D。