(单词翻译:单击)
Welcome to the HBR IdeaCast from Harvard Business Review. I’m Alison Beard.
欢迎来到哈佛商业评论的HBR IdeaCast
Are you a non-conformist, someone happy to challenge the status quo, ruffle a few feathers, stir the pot?
你是一个不爱随大流、乐于挑战现状、容易招惹是非、引起争端的人吗?
If so, this episode is for you.
如果是,这期节目就是为你准备的
We’re going to teach you how to keep doing all of that without annoying other people as much as you might do right now.
我们将教你如何在不惹恼他人的情况下继续这样做,而不像你现在可能做的那样惹恼其他人
But this episode is also for everyone out there who’s reluctant to stand apart from the crowd or cause trouble.
这一期节目也是为那些不愿远离群体或制造麻烦的人士准备的
Those of us who want to disagree with colleagues and bosses or family and friends sometimes, but aren’t exactly sure how to speak up and make our case, or even if we want to risk the consequences.
我们中的一些人有时想与同事和老板,或者家人和朋友提出不同意见,即使我们愿意承担各种后果,但不确定如何才能畅所欲言,为自己的观点辩护
Here to help us is Todd Kashdan, a professor of psychology and director of the Well-Being Lab at George Mason University.
乔治梅森大学心理学教授兼幸福实验室负责人托德·卡什丹将为我们提供帮助
He’s the author of the book, The Art of Insubordination: How to Dissent and Defy Effectively. Hi Todd.
他是《不服从的艺术:如何有效地表达异议和反抗》一书的作者
Thanks so much for having me.
谢谢你邀请我参加节目
Insubordination is a big word with a lot of negative connotations. Why do you see it as a good thing?
不服从是一个包含很多负面含义的词
We all live in these hierarchies.
我们都生活在各式各样的等级制度中
Some of them are power-based, some of them are social status based.
其中一些基于权力,一些基于社会地位
And the idea of insubordination is that you are, to some degree, speaking outside of churn, in terms of where you are in that hierarchy, what rung you are that you’re willing to speak up against people that are potentially higher than yourself.
而不服从的概念,在某种程度上,说的不是搅局,而是说,就你在等级制度中的位置而言,你在哪个层级,你愿意大声反对那些等级可能比你更高的人
And there’s a lot of research to show that just the presence of someone that dissents from the majority or popular sentiments in a room increases the intelligence and decision-making of that group.
有很多研究表明,在一个房间里,只要出现一个与大多数人持不同意见的人,或者一个与大众观点不同的人,就会增加这一群体的智力和决策力
And why does some people gravitate toward dissent while others don’t?
为什么有些人倾向于持不同意见,而另一些人则不是?
I can assume it’s both nature and nurture, but you definitely see the personalities who are always willing to do it and the personalities who really shy away from it.
我认为这有先天和后天的原因,但你肯定会看到一些人总是愿意这么做,而另一些人则羞于这么做
Well, in terms of principled insubordination or principled rebels, one of the misnomers that’s really important to correct is we think it’s the people that are disengaged from the group.
就原则性不服从或原则性反抗而言,其中一个真正需要纠正的措辞是,是我们认为那些人是脱离群体的人
So if you really don’t like the people on your soccer team, if you don’t get along with the people in your workplace,
如果你真的不喜欢足球队里的人,如果你和工作场所里的人相处不好,
you assume that those are the people that are going to fold their arms and disagree with what the committee says or what the group decides is a direction to go.
你就会认为这些人会抱着双臂,不同意委员会的说法,或者不同意小组决定的方向