(单词翻译:单击)
The confusion doesn't stop there.
这种混淆并不仅限于此。
In the early 20th century, a new sweet potato with reddish skin and orange flesh emerged on the American agricultural scene.
20世纪初，美国农业开始生产一种新的红薯，它有红色的外皮和橙色的果肉。
Prior to that, Americans mostly ate a variety of sweet potatoes that's more brown on the outside and whitish-yellow on the inside.
在此之前，美国人吃的各种红薯大多是棕色外皮，白黄色果肉。
Both are sweet potatoes, just different varieties of sweet potatoes.
两者都是红薯，只是品种不同。
Farmers wanted a catchy name to differentiate the newer offering.
不过，农民们想要给它起一个朗朗上口的名字，把新的红薯和之前的品种区别开来。
They went with a word that was already in use as a slang term for sweet potato...
于是他们用了那个已经被当做红薯俚语的词……
Yam.
山药。
Now, when Americans talk about yams, you have no idea if they mean the African root vegetable, the softer variety of sweet potatoes, or all sweet potatoes in general because that's the way we've used the term for most of the country's history.
现在，当美国人说到山药时，你不知道他们指的到底是非洲出产的植物，各种更软的红薯，还是所有种类的红薯，因为在美国历史上，我们大部分时间都是这样使用这个词的。
To give you an idea of how silly this all gets, our amazing fact-checker, Austin Thompson, shared this truly trivial tidbit with us: in the United States, if you label a sweet potato as a yam, you also need to label it as a sweet potato.
为了让你知道这一切有多愚蠢，我们令人惊叹的剧本顾问奥斯汀·汤普森与我们分享了这个非常微不足道的花絮：在美国，如果你给红薯贴上了山药的标签，你还要把它贴上红薯的标签。
So you if you call a sweet potato a yam you need to call it a sweet potato, but if you call it a sweet potato you can just call it a sweet potato...
所以，如果你把红薯叫做山药，你还要叫它红薯，但如果你叫它红薯，你可以直接叫它红薯……
Yams are lucky they're so darn delicious, because shopping for them is a nightmare.
山药如此美味是很幸运的，因为买山药简直是一场噩梦。
And I refuse to specify what I mean when I say yam...
并且我拒绝具体说明我说的山药是什么……
I mean sweet potatoes.
我是说红薯。
Africans in America weren't just limited by their new country's agriculture.
在美洲的非洲人不仅受到了新国家农业生产的限制。
Slaves who came from the same part of Africa were often split up because slave owners thought that sharing a language would make it easier for them to rebel.
来自非洲同一地区的奴隶经常被分开，因为奴隶主认为奴隶使用一种语言会更容易造反。
This meant that the slaves who cooked together also came from different culinary traditions.
这意味着一起做饭的奴隶烹饪传统也不尽相同。
The African-influenced cuisine that developed in these communities was the result of enslaved people working together to figure out what knowledge they did have in common, even under conditions meant to make preserving their cultures impossible.
在这些社区发展起来的，受非洲影响的美食是被奴役的人们共同努力创造出来的，他们找出了自己在饮食上的共同点，尽管在那时，他们的文化不可能受到保护。
Spices, starches, and savory stews like the gumbo Dr. Harris discussed earlier were some of the elements of West African cooking that successfully transitioned to African American culture.
香料、淀粉和哈里斯博士之前提到的秋葵汤等可口的炖菜，都是西非烹饪成功过渡到非裔美国人文化中的一些元素。
Slaves were also limited by what slave owners provided them.
奴隶也受到奴隶主提供给他们的东西的限制。
They were given food rations to get them through each week.
他们每周都会得到口粮，以维持生计。
A typical ration could have consisted of molasses, a staple starch such as rice, cornmeal, or sweet potatoes, and cheaper cuts of pork.
典型的配给可能包括糖浆、一种淀粉主食，如大米、玉米粉或红薯，以及猪肉中便宜的部分。
Pigs were plentiful in the South.
南方的猪很多。
The animals were able to fend for themselves by foraging in the woods around a farm, and were therefore cheap and easy to keep.
这些动物能够在农场周围的树林中觅食来养活自己，因此价格便宜，易于饲养。
But slaves had limited access to pork products.
但奴隶获得猪肉的机会有限。
For years, meat that is literally higher up the animal, like pork chops, has been associated with affluence and choice - hence the expression, "high on the hog".
多年来，从字面上看，在动物制品中地位较高的肉类，如猪排，一直与富裕和选择联系在一起——因此有了这样一个说法——高高在上（High on the hog）。
In the antebellum South these cuts were reserved for white property owners, while cuts like ribs, intestines, and pigs feet were given to slaves.
在南北战争前的南方，猪排是留给白人的，而肋骨、肠子和猪蹄等则分给奴隶。
Even if rations were small, enslaved people found ways to wring as much flavor as possible from the meat they were given.
虽然配给很少，被奴役的人也会找到方法，从他们得到的肉中尽可能地榨取更多味道。
Ham hocks or pork knuckles could be stewed with collard greens, for example.
例如，猪肘或猪蹄可以与羽衣甘蓝一起炖制。
Even though the African-American slave diets were mostly plant-based, the salty, fatty flavor of pork products infused some dishes and turned a cuisine of scarcity into something that could be delicious.
尽管非裔美国奴隶的饮食大多以植物为主，但猪肉产品将咸味和脂肪注入菜肴，将没什么滋味的菜肴变成了美味。
On some occasions, slaves could supplement their rations with food they fished or hunted, or with personal crops they gardened during their rare free time.
在某些情况下，奴隶可以用他们捕捞或狩猎得到的食物作为口粮，或者用他们在罕见的空闲时间种植的个人庄稼作为口粮。
But it was those standard food allowances that largely shaped what came to be known as soul food.
但在很大程度上来说，塑造了后来被称为“灵魂食物”的食材还是那些配给的食物。
Chef Chris Scott, who you might know from his restaurants, like Butterfunk Kitchen, or his deep run on the show , is a contemporary culinary voice who tries to marry delicious, modern soul food with stories of the cuisines heritage.
你可能从黄油放克餐厅或高厨节目中听说过厨师克里斯·斯科特，他为当代的美食烹饪发声，试图将美味的、现代的灵魂食物与美食遗产的故事结合在一起。
