Hi. Welcome to engVid. I'm Adam. In today's video we're going to look at the "Compound Subject".
大家好，欢迎来到英格威学习网。我是亚当。在今天的视频中，我们来学习一下“复合主语”。
So this is a grammar lesson, and it doesn't matter if you're a beginner or advanced,
这是一节语法课，不管你是初学者或者进阶者，
it's very important to understand this because it's very easy to make mistakes, especially in writing.
理解这一点非常重要，因为很容易在这个问题上犯错误，尤其是写作时。
So, we're going to start by looking at the subject. What is a subject? Just to refresh our memories.
首先我们来看一下主语。什么是主语？来回忆一下。
The subject is the thing in the sentence or in the clause that is going to do the action
主语是句子或分句中要发出行动或者是处在"be"动词的状况下的事物，
or is going to be in the situation of the "be" verb, if it's not an action verb. Right?
如果它不是一个动作动词的话。
So... And we always have to make sure that our subject and our verb agree.
我们总是要确保主语和动词一致。
They must agree, especially in terms of number. If you have a singular subject, you must have a singular verb. Right?
它们必须一致，尤其是在数量方面。如果你有一个单数主语，你必须有一个单数动词。
So let's look at this example: "The doctor is off this week." Right?
我们来看一下这个例子：“医生这周不上班。”
So when we're talking about the doctor, there's one doctor, his or her situation is that he or she is off this week.
当我们谈论医生的时候，有一个医生，他或她的状况是这周不上班。
They're on vacation. Right? So we have a singular verb.
他们在度假。好吧？所以我们有单数动词。
Now, we're going to look at compounds in terms of taking two pieces and making one subject out of this... Out of the two individual pieces.
我们来这样学习复合主语，取两个主语，然后从中去掉一个主语。
We're going to look at "and" and we're going to look at "or", "either", "or", "neither", "nor". Okay?
我们将学习"and"，还有"or"，"either"，"or"，"neither"，"nor"。
But we're going to look at "or" after, we're going to start with "and". First thing you need to remember about "and", it works like a plus sign.
但是我们在后面再学习"or"，我们先来看"and"。你需要记住的第一件关于"and"的事，它就像一个加号。
One plus one equals two. So, when you take two individual subjects and you join them together,
一加一等于二。当你把两个独立的主语放在一起时，
you're creating a two-or-more situation, or a two-or-more subject, therefore you have a plural subject. Right?
你就在创造一个两种或更多的情况，或两个或更多的主语，因此你有了一个复数主语。对吧？
So: "The doctor and the nurse are off", so plural, whereas you had singular. Now, it doesn't matter if you have plural pieces.
“医生和护士没上班”，这是复数形式，然而主语是单数形式。如果组合起来是复数的话就没有关系。
"The doctor and the nurse are", "The doctors and the nurse are", "The doctors and the nurses are",
看看这三种形式，"The doctor and the nurse are"， "The doctors and the nurse are"，"The doctors and the nurses are"，
any combination because you're joining them into a group and now they are plural and you have a matching verb.
因为你将主语组合成一个集体，现在他们是复数形式，你有了一个匹配的动词。
Now, it's very important to remember that we're talking about compounds and we're using a compound conjunction,
记住我们在讨论复合主语，我们使用了复合连词，这是很重要的。
but if you use: "The doctors"... Well, let's just say "doctor", no "s".
但是如果你用："The doctors"，让我们就用"doctor"吧，没有"s"。
"The doctor as well as the nurses are off this week", would this be correct? No, it would not because you're not making a compound. This is an extra. Okay?
"The doctor as well as the nurses are off this week"，这句话对吗？不对。因为你没有组成复合主语。这是个例外。
"The doctor", but if you had: "The doctors as well as the nurses are off this week", that is correct because then you would still have a plural to a plural.
如果你说："The doctors as well as the nurses are off this week"，这是对的，因为你仍会有一个复数来对应复数。
Singular, with "as well as", singular. Plural with "as well as", plural.
"as well as"和单数连用，用单数形式。"as well as"和复数连用，用复数形式。
Now: "as well as", "along with", "together with", "accompanied by", all of these expressions are not compound conjunctions.
"as well as"， "along with"，"together with", "accompanied by"，这些表达都不是复合连词。
So we only have a compound subject when we have a compound conjunction joining them. Okay?
所以我们只有在有复合连词连接它们时才有复合主语。好吧？
But there are situations where you're going to have a compound, but you still have a singular subject.
但是在有些情况下，你要使用一个组合词，但是仍然对应的是单数主语。
"Spaghetti and meatballs is delicious", not "are". Why is this singular? Because this is a grouped thing, they always go together.
“意面和肉丸很美味”，不用"are"。为什么用单数呢？因为这两者是一个组合，它们总是一块出现。
Spaghetti and meatballs is one idea. Even though you're joining them, they are basically one item.
意面和肉丸就是一个概念。即使你把它们组合在一起，它们基本上是一个东西。
"Peanut butter and jelly is my favourite snack", or "Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are my favourite snack", but then you're using it as an adjective.
“花生酱和果冻是我最喜欢的零食”，或者“花生酱和果冻三明治是我最喜欢的零食”。但是这里你将它用作形容词。
If it's one piece, if it's a collective, then it's singular. If it's two separate items, then you're making a compound and then you have a plural.
如果它只有一个，如果它是一个整体，那就用单数形式。如果它是两个分开的东西，那你就组成了一个复合主语，使用复数形式。
Look at this one: "The founder and CEO of the company is ready to sell", "The founder and CEO of the company are ready to sell". Now, which of these is correct?
看看这个：“该公司的成立者兼CEO要准备卖掉公司”，“该公司的成立者和CEO要准备卖掉公司”。这两个句子哪个是对的？
Well, both can be correct. You can have one person who is both the founder of the company and the CEO of the company.
两个都可能是对的。可以有一个人既是公司的创始人又是公司的CEO。
So if this and this refer to the same person, then it's a singular subject and you're using "is".
所以如果这两个指的是同一个人，那么它就是一个单数主语，你用的是"is"。
If the founder and the CEO are two different people, then you're creating a compound, you have a plural, and then you have "are" as correct.
如果创始人和CEO是两个不同的人，那么你在创造一个复合主语，你会有一个复数，然后你用"are"是正确的。
So it's very important to understand what the two pieces on either side of "and" are doing.
所以理解"and"两边连接的主语是什么是很重要的。
Are they two separate things, or are they one combined thing? And then you'll know which... If it's a plural or a singular subject.
它们是两个分离的事物，还是两个结合的事物？然后你就知道它是一个复数或单数主语。
I'm going to give you some more examples after so you'll get an idea, but first let's look at "or".
之后我会给大家看更多的例子，现在我们先来看"or"。
Okay, let's look at the compound conjunction: "or". "Or", "nor". Okay? "Neither Tom nor his sister likes to cook", "Neither Tom nor his sisters like to cook". Okay?
我们来看看这个复合连词："or"。"Or"和"nor"。“汤姆和他姐姐都不喜欢做饭”。
Basically what you have to remember about "or" or "nor" is that the verb will agree with the last part of the compound.
你要记住关于"Or"和"nor"的事是动词要和复合主语的后一部分保持一致。
So, if the second part is singular, the verb will match singular. If the second noun is plural, the verb will match plural.
如果第二部分是单数，要搭配单数的动词。如果第二个名词是复数，要搭配复数的动词。
So: "sisters like", "sister likes", same with "or". So here's a situation... Oh, I forgot an "r" here.
"or"也是如此。我忘了这里有"r"了。
"Either Jill or Kevin needs to be let go." So, I'm a company, I need to make some cuts in the budget, I need to fire one of these people because they're too expensive.
“吉尔或则凯文需要离开。”我在一家公司，我需要削减预算，我需要开除一些人，因为他们太贵了。

Their salary is too high. So: "Either Jill or Kevin needs to be let go." Singular or singular, "needs". "Either Jill or the marketing team needs to go."
他们的工资太高了。“吉尔或则凯文需要离开。”单数，使用"needs"。“要么吉尔，要么营销团队得离开。”
Now, "team" is a singular. Although there's a lot of... There are a lot of people in the team,
团队是个单数。尽管团队里有很多人，
the team, the whole collective needs to be let go because they... All of them make as much money as she does.
整个团队，整个集体都需要被解雇，因为他们...他们所有人挣的钱都和她一样多。
"Either Jill or three junior managers need to be let go", so now I have a plural here, and therefore I have a plural verb to agree with it.
“吉尔或者三个几基层管理者需要离开”，现在我是用了复数，因此我用了一个复数动词来和它保持一致。
So always go with the last or the second noun in the compound subjects when you have "or" or "nor".
所以当你使用“or”或“nor”时，一定要和复合主语的最后一个或第二个名词保持一致。
"And", as soon as you're joining two separate things, you have a plural. "Or" depends on the second noun of the compound. Okay?
来看“and”，当你连接两个不同的事物时，使用复数。"or"连接的句子则取决于复合主语的第二个名词。
You're going to understand this a little bit more with some more examples, so let's get to those.
通过更多的例子，你们会对这个有更多的理解，我们来看看这些。
Okay, I want to mention a few other things about the compound subjects before we go, and I'm going to look at some more examples.
好的，在我们开始之前，我想讲一下关于复合主语的其他一些事情，我将会举一些更多的例子。
First of all: "Bill and I are going to see a movie." Bill's one person, I'm another, together we are two.
首先：“比尔和我要去看电影。”比尔是一个人，我是另一个人，我们在一起是两个人。
Now, if you're not sure about the compound, if you're not sure if it's separate things or if it's one thing, try to replace it with a pronoun.
如果你对这个复合词不确定，如果你不确定它是单独的事物还是一个事物，试着用代词代替它。
So if I say: "Bill and I", I can replace this with "we". So as soon as you have the "we" pronoun you understand you need the "are", not the "is".
如果我说：“比尔和我”，我能用我们代替它们。一看到"we"，你就知道要搭配"are"，而不是"is"。
So always try to replace your compound with a pronoun. If you can't, it means it's probably one thing. Right?
所以总是用一个名词代替你的复合主语。如果不能，那就意味着它可能是一个事物。好吧？
It's probably "it". So I'm going to look at another example. Now: "I and Bill are going to see a movie."
它可能是"it"。我们来看另一个例子。现在：“我和比尔要去看电影。”
Technically this is correct, but people don't usually put the "I" first, they put the "Bill" first.
严格来说，这是正确的，但人们通常不会把“我”放在第一位，而是把“账单”放在第一位。
"Bill and I are going to see", and you'll rarely hear: "I and Bill".
“我和比尔要去看”，你很少听到：“我和比尔”。
Why? I'm not exactly sure. They're both correct, but common usage is to put the "I" second.
为什么？我不太确定。它们都正确，但是通常是把我放在后面。
On the other hand: "Bill and she are going to see a movie", "She and Bill are going to see a movie".
另一方面：“比尔和她要去看电影”，“她和比尔要去看电影”。
More common: "She" first", "Bill" second. But, again, both are correct, you can use either one at your leisure.
更常见的是：她在前面，比尔在后面。但是，再说一次，两种说法都正确，你可以随意使用两种形式。
"I" generally second in most cases. Now, let's look at this sentence: "Heather's mother-in-law and dad are spending time together." Okay?
大多数情况下，我都放在后面。我们来看下这个句子：“希瑟的岳母和爸爸经常在一起。”
"Heather's mother-in-law", one person, "dad", second person, together they make two, they are spending.
希瑟的岳母，一个人，爸爸，第二个人，在一块就构成了两个人，用复数。
Now: "Heather's mother-in-law and dad", you must understand that "dad" is Heather's dad, not the mother-in-law's dad.
“希瑟的岳母和爸爸”，你一定要理解父亲是希瑟的父亲，不是岳母的父亲。
If I said: "Heather's mother-in-law and her dad", then it becomes a little bit confusing, because whose dad? Because there are two women here. Right?
如果我说：“希瑟的岳母和她的父亲，这就有点迷惑了，因为说的到底是谁的父亲？因为这里有两个女人。对吧？
If ever you are not sure when you're putting the two items of a subject together, rearrange it to make it more clear.
如果你把两个主语放到一块不太确定，重新组织它，让它更清楚。
"Heather's dad and mother-in-law are going". It's very clear that the dad is Heather's, not the mother-in-law's. Okay?
“希瑟的父亲和岳母要去。”这就非常清楚，是希瑟的父亲，而不是岳母的父亲。
Just to keep that in mind in terms of positioning the compounds. "Winning and losing is a mindset."
在组织复合主语时要记住这一点。“输赢是一种心态”。
Winning and losing are one thing. When you're playing sports or whatever, winning and losing is part of the game.
输和赢是一件事情。当你参加体育活动等项目时，输赢是比赛的一部分。
They're not two separate things. But wins or losses, these are countable things.
它们不是分开的两件事情。但是胜和败是可数的东西。
You can actually count wins, you can count losses, therefore they are two separate things.
你可以数获胜的次数，失败的次数，因此它们是两件事情。
So sometimes the connections are not very clear. If they're not very clear, change the sentence around. Right?
有时候联系不是很清晰。如果它们不是很清晰，就换一种表达。
"It is a mindset whether you win or lose." Right? And then it's a whole different sentence, there's no confusion, and it's one thing.
“输赢是一种心态”。这就是一个完全不同的句子，没有混淆，说的是一件事情。
"Mindset" is the subject, instead of the other two.
“心态”就是主语，而不是另外两个。
Here it's very clear, so you can leave it alone: "Wins or losses do not", not "does not" because I have plural, plural, and a second one is plural.
这里就很清楚，所以你不用管它：“胜和败不会”，不用"does not"，因为我用的是复数，第二个是复数。
"10 successes or 1 failure amount to the same thing". "1 failure"-oh, sorry, my mistake-"amounts to the same thing", because you have the second one is a singular.
“10次成功或1次失败等同于一件事”。“一次失败等同于一件事”，第二个是单数。
"1 failure or 10 successes amount to the same thing." Okay? In my mind I wrote it the other way around.
“一次失败或十次成功是一回事。”好吧？在我的脑海里，我是反过来写的。
So, second one is singular, singular; second one is plural, plural. Okay? Now, keep in mind sometimes you have collective nouns as subjects.
第二个主语是单数，就用单数；第二个主语是复数就用复数。记住你有时候会用集体名词作主语。
Don't confuse collective nouns, like: "the police", "the staff", "the team", that's a different thing from a compound noun.
不要和集体名词混淆，比如：“警方”，“员工”，“团队”，这和复合名词不一样。
There is a video about collective nouns, you can look in the description box of this video and you will find a link to it.
有一期关于集合名词的视频，你可以在这个视频的描述框中找到它的链接。
Make sure you separate the two things, and you'll understand how those work, and how compound subjects work, and how to agree with the verb in any situation.
确保你把这两件事分开，你就会明白它们是如何使用的，复合主语是如何使用的，以及在任何情况下如何与动词一致。
If you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com, you can ask me there in the forum.
如果你有任何问题，请登录engvid.com，你可以在论坛里问我。
There's also a quiz, you can practice your understanding of compound subjects.
还有一个小测验，你可以练习你对复合主语的理解。
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and I'll see you again soon. Bye-bye.
别忘了订阅我的油管频道，我们很快就会再见。再见。