'Neurodiversity' is a pretty new term and I'm very grateful for it it.

“神经多元性”是一个很新的术语 我们感激它的出现

It gets to something that is absolutely real and has been harder to discuss before it existed.

它说出了一些真实存在却难以讨论的内容

That said I'm not sure I have a perfect definition.

虽然这么说 但我也不确定我给的定义就是正确的

It recognizes the fact that we are not singular that we are not all identical,

它承认了我们不是单一的 不是相同的这个事实

that we have a variation of brains of connectivity of aptitudes of weaknesses of blind spots and of sensitivities and of capabilities.

我们的大脑 连通性 倾向 弱点 盲点 敏感性和能力都大不相同

People on the autism spectrum who are who are very functional, in my experience tend to have extraordinary analytical skills

我觉得有自闭症的人通常都有很强的功能 他们有极其出色的分析能力

and also often actually insight into social interactions so long as they are not the ones participating.

而且往往对社会互动有着很强的洞察力 只要不让他们本人参与就行

And so you have an I've had a number of autistic students actually point out to me dynamics that were emerging in classrooms that I hadn't yet seen and that once they were pointed out I could see.

我曾经有一些自闭症的学生 他们跟我指出了教室里出现的我没有注意到的动力学变化 他们一旦指出来 我就能看到了

And these are the same students who have a very hard time recognizing when it is or is not time to speak or get up or walk through the middle of a classroom and such.

也正是这些学生 他们难以识别什么时候应该或不应该说话 站起来 或穿过教室的正中央等等

There are a number of ways to be neuro-diverse.

神经多元性有很多种方式

We have names for some conditions that actually represent ends of continuum.

我们给有些情况赋予的名称其实代表的是极端情况

Dyslexia is is a big one.

失语症就是个很大的例子

These are going to sound like they're coming out of left field but colorblindness left handedness?

听起来他们好像不在讨论范围之列 但色盲呢 左撇子呢？

In each of those cases, being what in evolutionary biology we call the non-dominant phenotype.

所有这些情况都是我们在进化生物学中所谓的非主流显型

So I am I'm a I'm a lefty that's that's the one of those that I belong to as a group.

我是个左撇子 我属于这一人群

And about 10% of people across all cultures that have been studied are left-handed.

在我们研究的所有文化中 大约有10%的人是左撇子

It's a persistent stable rare phenotype, which suggests that it's adaptive that it's persistent it's complex

这是种比较稳定的罕见的显型 表明了它的可适应性 它的执着以及复杂

and it provides the different wiring of the brain associated with being a left-hander.

作为左撇子 大脑中的回路不太一样

Provides benefit in the social group in which left-handers show up.

体现了左撇子社会群体的好处

We can put together analyses for why being a left-hander might allow you to approach a physical problem differently that a right-hander would have a harder time solving

我们可以一起分析下 为什么左撇子在解决右撇子觉得更难的实际问题时 用到的方法会跟右撇子不同

but the different wiring of the brain allows for different approaches as well,

但不同的大脑回路会让人产生不同的解决办法

similar with colorblindness that it might be really easy to say,

跟色盲差不多 说起来可能很容易

"Well, okay, that just is going to give you some some ability to see past color and to see patterns that aren't color based perhaps"

“好吧 或许它能让你看到过去的颜色 或没有颜色的图案”

but I I suspect that there's wiring in the brain that is associated with colorblindness that also allows for enhanced abilities.

但我觉得大脑中与色盲相关的回路也会让你拥有增强的能力

That are different from those who are color sighted.

它不同于不是色盲的人

Dyslexia for sure, right?

失语症是肯定的 对吧

Dyslexia is obviously a very modern condition because writing is a very modern condition.

失语症明显是很现代才出现的情况 因为写作也是很现代才出现的

So as an evolutionary biologist when I say modern, I mean thousands of years.

作为进化生物学家 我所说的现代是指几千年

So dyslexia is modern in terms of thousands of years

就几千年而言 失语症是一种现代情况

and you know language was always about sound and never about writing until recently and so the the lessened ability,

你知道 语言说到底就是声音而不是写作 直到近来写作才出现 所以这种减弱的能力

it's almost never an inability, but the lessened ability to process written symbols into meaning in your head.

它从来都不是一种无能 而是把书面符号加工成大脑中意思的减弱的能力

Looks to me like it's an tradeoff relationship with the ability to engage in real-time in speech.

在我看来 它与实时讲话能力是一种权衡关系

And that's not to say that all of us can't learn through practice to be better at any number of these skills,

这并不是说我们不能通过练习来提升这些技能

but that being born with what the world has is calling a deficit is almost always going to exist in trade off relationship with some often hidden strength.

而是说生来就带有这个世界所谓的缺陷 但同时在这种权衡关系中往往也伴随着某些隐藏的优点