改造厕所如何能拯救百万生命
日期:2017-07-17 18:08

(单词翻译:单击)

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One of the great things that I love about what I do is we get to take
解决全球卫生和全球发展战略中遇到的挑战
on some of the biggest challenges in global health and global development.
是我最热爱也正在进行的伟大事业之一
And one of those challenges is water sanitation and hygiene.
而水质的净化系统是这些挑战之一
Everybody needs clean water and, you know, to quote the book, everybody poops.
每个人都需要干净的水资源的同时还需要 比如 引用一个书名来说 就是 “大家都会排便”
And dealing with this in a clean and sanitary way is really important for quality of life,
让水资源处于一个干净卫生的状态
and it’s also really important for health and getting rid of certain diseases.
对生活的品质和健康 以及抵御一些疾病的传播是至关重要的


And one of the biggest challenges over the last couple of years, a really fun technological
最近几年我们面临的最大技术挑战 一个有趣的技术挑战就是
challenge has been the Reinvent the Toilet Project.
厕所的彻底改造工程
The basic theme of this was looking at: Are there new solutions? Twenty-first century
它的基本主题是:在二十一世纪会有新的环境卫生解决方案么?
solutions to sanitation--Echoing what we saw in telephone and communication systems where
这就好比我们在电话和通讯系统中得到了启发:
a lot of countries completely skipped over building a big network of landlines and traditional phones and went straight to cell phones.
很多国家完全忽视对陆上通讯和传统电话的系统建设 就直接发展手机的网络建设
The question was, could we come up with the equivalent technology that would jump over
问题在于 我们是否能把这等同于去
building out sewer networks and giant expensive water treatment plants and jump immediately to non-network sanitation?
增建下水道系统和大型昂贵的水处理系统而直接跳过一个还未成形的卫生系统?
And it turns out that new approaches are possible using mechanical engineering and chemical engineering approaches.
利用机械工程学和化学工程 其实有新的可行的解决方案
There is actually a lot of free energy in the waste that can be used to process itself
废物里面存在很多可利用的自由能
if the machine to do it is designed correctly.
如果设备设计得好 这些自由能就能加工废物本身
And you can actually do this in a fairly cost effective way.
这是个特别能追求成本效益的的方法
So the Reinvent the Toilet challenge was kicked off about five years ago in order to get universities,
为了让各大学 不同的企业 设计公司等其它组织真正意识到这一点
different companies, design firms and so on to actually think about this and put twenty-first
并将21世纪的创新应用到卫生系统里的问题上
century innovation applied to the problem of human sanitation.
厕所的完全改造工程实际早在5年前就开始了
And it’s been remarkably cool and successful so far to see the different approaches that have come up.
目前令我们特别欣慰的是人们已经提出了不同的处理方法
There was one team of a lot of Hertz Fellows that started working on figuring out new ways
有一赫兹研究员队伍通过研究新方法:热解法
to use pyrolysis and other approaches for using electrolysis for drying and combusting.
以及其它途径来对干燥和燃烧后的物质进行电解
One group is running a steam engine off of human waste as an input stream.
有的团队正利用流引擎 让人类废物流像输入流一样运行
And where a community would used to have ten tons of waste a day now all of a sudden it
过去一个社区一天会有上十吨的废物排出量而现在
runs a steam engine that generates 150 kilowatts of electricity and puts out 10,000 to 20,000 liters a day of potable water.
通过发电效率为150千瓦的流引擎 我们每天能输出一万至两万升可饮用的水资源
So this is just really exciting to see what innovation can do, what new technologies can
运用创新和新技术是一件特别有意思的事
do, and actually taking on some of these really big challenges and saying, "What would be
在实际挑战中你不得不感叹
a really definitive technological solution to this that actually solves the problem in
在25或30年前我们绝对想不到
a way that we would never have imagined trying 25 or 30 years ago?"
这样的终极技术解决方案

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重点单词
  • definitiveadj. 决定性的,权威性的,确定的,限定的 n. 限定
  • potableadj. 适于饮用的
  • themen. 题目,主题
  • qualityn. 品质,特质,才能 adj. 高品质的
  • quoten. 引用 v. 引述,举证,报价
  • effectiveadj. 有效的,有影响的
  • sewern. 下水道,阴沟,裁缝师
  • certainadj. 确定的,必然的,特定的 pron. 某几个,某
  • communicationn. 沟通,交流,通讯,传达,通信
  • challengen. 挑战 v. 向 ... 挑战