When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings,
当我们给城市制作地图时，我们会想到道路、街道和建筑物
and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer,
和其建造的背后故事，或者会想到城市设计师的大胆设想，
but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made.
但其实，制作城市地图时，还有其他思维角度以及绘制方法。
Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map.
今天我要给大家展示一种新的地图，这并不是一种地理学上的地图。
This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland,
这是我的家乡马里兰州巴尔的摩人与人之间的关系图，
and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person,
你在这里看到的是，每点代表着一个人，
each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
而每条线代表那些人之间的关系，而每种颜色代表网络内的社区。
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right.
现在，我在绿色那面，也就是‘怪才’的区域，而TEDx也在最右边。
Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks
在网络上的另一端，主要为非洲裔和拉丁裔人，
who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are,
他们真正关心的东西与怪才关心的不同，
but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it,
我解释一下，网络的绿色部分我们称之为Smalltimore，居住在这个区域的人会如此称呼它，
because it seems as though we're living in a very small town.
是因为居民好像生活在一个非常小的城镇。
We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city.
我们一遍又一遍看到同样的人，那是因为我们未曾真正地探索城市的深度和广度。
On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music
在网络上的另一端，那里的民众对嘻哈音乐感兴趣，
and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper.
甚至可确定为是居住在华盛顿、马里兰或弗吉尼亚地区，例如巴尔的摩市的人。
But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports.
但在中间，你会看到一些东西把两个社区连接在一起，像是体育活动。
We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian.
我们有巴尔的摩金莺、巴尔的摩乌鸦足球队、奥运选手迈克尔·菲尔普斯。
Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company,
Under Armour是一间位于巴尔的摩的公司，或许你听过，
and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network.
而各式各样运动的社区成为网络两端之间的唯一桥梁。
Let's take a look at San Francisco.
让我们看看旧金山。
You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco.
你会发现旧金山的情况有点不同。
On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities,
一方面，媒体、政治和新闻普遍处于巴尔的摩以及其他城市，
but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network,
但网络上方的主要占据者，是各类怪才与技师，
and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks,
甚至还有一组如此鲜明和清晰的人群，我们能够认出他们是Twitter的员工，就在怪才的旁边，
in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum.
游戏玩家和怪才两者之间，与嘻哈族相对的位置。
So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco
不过大家可以看到，与传闻一致，旧金山的拉锯是真的，
in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real,
新兴技术公司带来新财富和居民，让土地房屋增值，导致地区贵族化，
and you can actually see that documented here.
你可以从这里的文件记录看到。

You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community.
LGBT社群与怪才社群真的相处得不好，还有艺术社群以及音乐社群。
And so it leads to things like this.
以至于会发生这种事。
Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco,
几个星期前有人给我发了这张照片，这反映了在旧金山正发生什么事情，
and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this.
我认为你可以实际地通过这样的地图去理解。
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio,
让我们来看看里约热内卢。在过去的几个星期，我收集了里约的数据，
and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up.
有一件事特别吸引我注意，就是这真的是个大混缸。
It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not.
这是个非常混杂的城市，与巴尔的摩和旧金山非常不同。
You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists.
你仍然有人从事与政府、报纸、政治、专栏等有关的活动。
TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers.
TEDxRio就在右下，与写博客的人及作家相邻。
But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music.
但你也有这样惊人的多样性的民众，对不同类型的音乐感到兴趣。
Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here.
甚至贾斯汀·比伯的粉丝也在这里。
Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy,
其他男子乐队、乡村歌手、福音音乐、放克说唱和单口相声，
and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that?
甚至还有一整节是关于毒品和笑话。真的很酷吧？
And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here.
然后弗拉门戈足球队也在这里。
So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way,
所以同样是有体育、市政、艺术、音乐的分布，但分布的方式却截然不同，
and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.
我认为那大概与我们所了解的里约相符，就是一个非常多文化、音乐多元的城市。
So we have all this data. It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now,
所以我们拥有这些数据。这组与城市有关的数据非常丰富，
maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before.
甚至比我们过往拥有的任何数据集都要更丰富。
So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct.
因此，我们能做些什么呢？嗯，我想我们首先要试着去了解的是，隔离其实是一种社会建构。
It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it,
这是我们选择要做的，我们也能选择不要做，如果你仔细想想，
what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it
我们拿这组数据所做的，就像拿太空望远镜来看城市，
as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart.
就好像在一座庞大的高中食堂，去看每一个人怎么安排自己的座位一样。
Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.
可能是该重新改变座位表的时候了。
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity.
我们开始了解的另一件事是，用种族来代表多样性是很糟的方法。
We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here
我们有各式各样的人种，分布在这整张地图上，
only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity.
只看种族不能看出多样性的真实发展。
So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems,
所以如果我们试着用多样性来解决一些棘手的问题，
we need to start to think about diversity in a new way.
我们必须开始用新的方法思考多样性。
And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way,
最后，我们有能力去干预，以新方法开始重塑我们的城市，
and I believe that if we have that capability, we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
而且我相信如果我们有那种能力，我们甚至还能扛起责任来做这件事。
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings,
所以，什么是城市？我想有些人或许会说它是地理区域或街道及建筑物的组合，
but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there,
但我相信一座城市是所有居民的关系总和，
and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way
而且我相信如果我们能以真实的方法记录这些关系，
then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have. Thank you.
那或许我们真的有机会创造我们想要的城市。谢谢。