Yeah, it was really good to see you last night.No, I had a good time.
没错，昨天晚上遇见你真的很高兴。我玩得很开心。
Yeah, we haven't seen each other in ages, so we can get together again next week.
是啊，我们已经好多年没见过彼此了，所以下周我们再一起出门吧。
Next week?Okay, I'll see you next week.Okay, bye.Sorry, that was just an old friend of mine.Hey, everyone.I'm Alex.
下周？好，那下周见。嗯，拜拜。抱歉，是我的一个老朋友。嗨，大家好。我是 Alex。
Thanks for clicking and welcome to this lesson on "Next and Last Vs. The Next/The Last".
感谢点击，欢迎来到本节课："Next 和 Last Vs. The Next 和 The Last"。
So, this is a very common confusion, a very common grammatical problem that I sometimes hear from people who are learning English who are at the beginner, and intermediate,
那么，这是很常见的一个疑惑点，一个很常见的语法问题，我时不时地就会从那些英语初学者或者是中级学者，
and sometimes at the advanced level even.But it's okay.
甚至是高级学者那里听到这个问题。但这是正常的。
You're here to learn, and if you've clicked on this video, like, you want to know this stuff and I'm going to do my best to transmit this information to you.So, first: "next/last".
这里你们会学习，如果你点开了这个视频，你想要了解这个问题，我会尽我所能地将这部分内容传达给你。那么，首先：“next 和 last”。

Now, when you are talking and using "next" or "last" with a day of the week, a week, a month, a season, a year,
当你在说或者用"next" 或者 "last" 和 一周中的一天，一周，一个月，一个季节，一年搭配时，
basically you are referring to the one which means you are referring to the day, the week, the month, the season, or the year directly after or directly before the current one.
你基本指的是一个，意思是你指的是那一天，那一周，那个月，那个季节或则那一年，紧接在现在的时间之前或之后的那一个。
Okay?So, you heard my conversation on the phone: "Yeah, it was great to get together, you know, last night.
对吧？你们刚才听到我在电话里的对话了：“没错，在一起聚会很开心，你知道的，就是昨天晚上。
It was great to see you last night."The night before today, last night.
昨天晚上再次见到你很开心。”今天之前的那个晚上，昨晚。
And I said I will see them next week, the week directly after the current week.Okay?
我还说下周我会在见到他们，本周之后的那一周。对吧？
So, for example: "See you next week!"The week directly after this week, the current one.
那举个例子：“下周再见！”本周之后的那一周，现在这周之后。
"I saw him last night."I saw him basically directly before today.
“我昨晚看见他了。”我看见他了，大致就是今天之前。
Or if it's night now, I saw him last night, the night before this one.
或者如果现在是晚上，我昨晚看见他了，今晚之前那个晚上。
Next: "Did you call her last Friday?She told me you promised her you were going to call her."
接下来：“你上周五打电话给她了吗？她告诉我你保证会打给她的。”
Did you call her last Friday?The Friday before now, the most recent Friday.Okay?"Next month will be busy."
你上周五打给她了吗？现在之前的那个周五，最近的周五。对吧？“下个月会很忙。”
So if you are, you know, preparing for the holiday season or a specific time of the year where it's going to be very busy for you,
所以如果你，你正在准备假日季或者一年中的一个特别的日子，对你，
and your family, and your friends, you can say: "Next month", the month directly after this one.
你的家庭和你的朋友而言会非常忙，你可以说：“下周”，这周之后紧接着那一周。
So, for example, if it's January, next month is February.If it's March...March, April.
那么，举个例子，如果现在是一月，下个月就是二月。如果是三月...三月，四月。
Yeah, I know my months.March, the next month...Well, next month after March is April. Okay?
当然，我知道我在几月。三月，下个月...嗯，三月的下一个月是四月，对吧？
So: "I will see you next month.Next month will be busy.""I can't wait for next summer!"Okay?
所以：“我们下个月再见。下个月会很忙。”“我迫不及待到下个夏天了！”对吧？
So if summer just finished and the weather is getting colder if you are in a country that, you know, has more than two seasons or one season in some cases, please...
那么如果夏天已经过去了，天气正转凉，如果你在一个，有着超过两种季节或者某些情况下有一个以上季节的国家，请...
You know, you can say: "I can't wait for next summer.
你可以说：“我迫不及待到下个夏天了。
I can't wait."And finally: "We're going to travel to Prague next year."
我等不及了。”最后：“我们打算明年去布拉格旅游。”
The year after this one.So if the year now is 2017, next year is 2018.Okay?So we're travelling there next year.
今年的下一年。所以如果今年是2017年，明年就是2018年。对吧？所以我们明年旅行去那儿。
So, you use "next" and "last" with a day of the week, or just the word "week", or a month of the year, or a season,
你用"next" 和 "last" 连接一周中的一天，或者只是 "week" 这个词，或者一年中的一个月，一个季节
or a specific year when you want to refer to the one directly after or directly before the current one.
或者特定的一年当你想指紧接在现在的时间之前或之后的那个。
You got it?Can I move on to the next part? Yeah?Okay, the next part.So: "the next" and "the last".
明白了么？我能进行到下一部分了吗？好下一部分。所以："the next" 和 "the last"。
So, when you are talking about the period of seven, 30, whatever number of days, or weeks, or months, or seasons, or years,
那么，当你在谈论7天，30天，不管多少天还是周，月，季节，年
or any other historical periods, whatever - starting at or preceding, which means coming before the moment of speaking, you use: "the next", "the last".
或者其他任何历史阶段时，不管是即将开始的还是之前的，意思是在所说的时间之前，你要用："the next"，"the last"。
Okay, that's a lot of information, so if we just look at some examples I think it's a lot easier to understand and to see what I mean.
好，这里有很多信息，所以如果我们只是看一些例子我觉得会比看我说的要简单很多。
So, for example: "The next 2 weeks will be tough."
那么，例如：“接下来的两周会很辛苦。”
If you are preparing for exams and you have exams for two weeks from now when you're speaking, the moment of speaking, you're thinking ahead, like: "Oh, man.
如果你在准备考试，从你说的现在，你说话的这一刻起离考试还有两周，你在提前考虑，像：“哦，天啊。
Next week and the week after next week", so the next two weeks, this period of time will be tough starting from my moment of speaking.
下周和下下周”，所以接下来的两周，这段时间会很辛苦，从我说话的这一刻开始。
Next: "The last month has been amazing."So, basically the 30 days preceding today.
下一个：“过去的一个月很精彩。”那么，主要指今天之前的30天。
So a month, 30 days, or 31 days, or 29, or 28 days depending on the month and leap years, and things like that.
所以一个月是30天，还是31天，29天，28天取决于月份和闰年之类的。
And you can say: "Oh my god, the last 30 days, the last month has been amazing."The 30 days preceding now have been amazing.
你可以说：“噢我的天呐，过去的30天，上个月很精彩。”现在之前的30天很精彩。
Next: "The next year and a half will be really interesting at my company."
下一个：“我们公司接下来的一年半会是很有意思的。”
So if your company, you know, is starting a new type of business plan and they say: "Okay, we want to get from here to here in the next year and a half."
那么如果你的公司，你知道，正开始一个新类型的商业计划，他们说：“好，我们想在接下来的一年半从这里到这里。
You can say: "The next year and a half starting now until a year and a half from now will be very interesting."
你可以说：“接下来的一年半，从现在开始到一年半之后会是很有趣的。”
So, one more time: "The next year and a half will be really interesting at my company."
那么，再说一次：“我们公司接下来的一年半会是很有意思的。”
Okay, next: "The last two hours of work have been a nightmare!"
好，下一个：“过去工作的两个小时是一场恶魔！”
So, we all have those days sometimes when you're at your job and everything is going great, and then there's a period where something goes wrong.
我们都有一些时候当你在工作时，一切都很好，但会有某事出错的时候。
And it goes wrong sometimes for a few minutes, sometimes for a few hours, sometimes for the whole day, but in this...
这个错误有时会消耗几分钟，有时是几小时，有时是一整天，但是在这个...
In this example, can say: "The past two hours, the last two hours at work have been a nightmare."Okay?
在这个例子里，可以说：“过去的两个小时，过去工作的两个小时是一场恶魔。”对吧？
And finally: "The next few minutes of this video are very important."So, stay tuned and keep watching, keep watching.
最后：“这个视频接下来的几分钟很重要。”那么，不要换频道，继续收看，继续收看。
Okay, so the first part of this video we talked about: "next", "last", "the next", "the last" in relation to specific days, weeks, months, years, seasons.
好，所以这个视频的第一部分我们谈论了："next"，"last"，"the next"，"the last"连接特殊的日子，周，月份，年，季节。
And the rules that I mentioned they apply to those days, weeks, months, years, seasons, etc.
而我提到的这些规则，它们适用于这些天，周，月份，年，季节等。
But there are situations where we can use "next" and "last", specifically "the next", "the last" not only with what I just mentioned,
但是我们不仅可以用"next" 和 "last"，特别是"the next"，"the last"连接我刚提到那些，
but also with events, or situations, or a special case when we use the word "time" itself, like: "The last time", "the next time", and we'll get to that a little later.
还可以和事件，情境，或者我们用 "time" 这个词本身时的特殊情况，比如：“上一次”，“下一次”，我们稍后会讲。
So, first basically what you have to think about when you use "the next" or "the last" with an event or a situation is just follow the basic article rules for "the".
所以，你首先要想的是你用"the next" 或者 "the last" 连接一个事件或者情况的时候，只要遵循 "the" 的基本冠词规则。
When you're talking about a definite or a specific event, or time, or situation, or the end of a period of time, for example, like in the first example.
当你在谈论一个特定或特殊事件，时间，情况，或者一段时间的结束时，例如第一个例子。
So: "The last week of university was really hectic."The word "hectic" means incredibly busy.
那么：“大学的最后一周很忙碌。”"hectic" 这个词意思是非常忙。
So if you are, you know, talking with your friends and remembering your time in university,
所以如果你在，你在和朋友说话，回忆大学的时光，
you are referring to a specific time, a specific period of time during university when you were in university.
你指的是一个特定的时期，你在大学里的一段特定的时期。
So: "Oh, man, I remember the last week."Which week?
那么：“噢，天呐，我记得最后一周。”哪一周？
The last week of university, that specific, definite, final week of university.
大学的最后一周，特殊的，明确的，大学的最后一周。
It was really hectic.Next: "The last season of Lost"-TV show-"was a little messy".
它真的是很忙碌的。下一个：“《迷失》的最后一季”-电视剧-“有点混乱”。
Or if you mention, and you know what I'm talking about with Lost, you can say: "The last episode of Lost was very controversial."
或者如果你提到了，你知道我在说《迷失》什么，你可以说：“《迷失》的最后一集真的很有争议。”
So some fans loved it, some fans hated it, some fans were just: "Enh", about it, they didn't care very much.
一些粉丝喜欢，一些粉丝讨厌，一些粉丝只是：“嗯"，对此无感，他们不在乎那么多。
So we're specifically talking about the last season of Lost.
所以我们是在特别谈论《迷失》的最后一季。
You're following the article rule when you're talking about a definite period, or a definite event, a definite situation, or in this case a definite season.
当你谈论一个明确的时间段，事件或者情况时，你要按照冠词规则，在这个例子里就是明确的剧季。
Which season?The last season.Which episode?The last episode.
哪一季？最后一季。哪一集？最后一集。
Or: "The next episode", if you want to talk about the next, for example.
或者：“下一集”，如果你想说下一集的话。
Or you can say, if you're watching a TV show, you finish one episode and you can't wait for the next episode. Right?
或者你可以说，如果你在看一个电视剧，你看完了一集，而你迫不及待看下一集了。对吧？
Okay, I mentioned the word "time" is a little special, and this is because with the word "time" you can use: "the last" or "the next", or "last" or "next".
好，我提到 "time" 这个单词有点特殊，这是因为搭配 "time" 这个词你可以用："the last" 或者 "the next"，"last" 或者 "next"。
So, for example: "The next time I see you, I'll bring my PlayStation."
那么，例如：“下次我看见你，我会给你带我的游戏机。”
Or: "Next time I see you, I'll bring my PlayStation.""I'll tell you the next time I see you."
或者：“下次我看见你，我会给你带我的游戏机。”“我下次看见你再告诉你。”
"I'll tell you next time I see you."Okay?
“下一次我见到你我就会告诉你。”对吧？
So, basically you can follow the rule of either-or if you have the word "time" after "next", or "the next", or "last", or "the last".
那么，基本来说你可以遵循规则，要不然就是你用 "time" 这个词在 "next"，"the next"，"last"，或者 "the last" 之后。
Okay? Only with the word "time", though.
对吧？但只是适用于有 "time" 这个词。
And finally, following these rules: "The next Star Wars movie should be good."
最后，遵循这些规则：“下一部《星球大战》应该还不错。”
Now, I don't know when you're watching this video, but there's a very good chance at the time you're watching it there's a Star Wars movie coming out for the next,
现在，我不知道你什么时候看这个视频，但是你在看视频时有一个很好的机会，下一部《星球大战》电影要上线了，
like, 20 years, so I'm sure this is still relevant.
有20年了，所以我想这还是有时效的。
Is it the Han Solo movie now, is it the Yoda movie?Whichever one it is.
现在这部是讲韩·索罗的电影，还是尤达？不管是哪一个。
I hope it's good, whatever one we're up to at this point in time whenever you're watching this video.
我希望它是不错的，不管现在轮到哪一个，不管你何时看到这个视频。
Okay, so guys, I hope that I was able to clear up some of the confusion that some students have with: "next", "last", "the next", "the last".
好，那么我希望我把一些学生对 "next"，"last"，"the next"，"the last"的困惑解开了一些。
If you want to test your understanding of everything we discussed today, as always, you can check out the quiz on www. engvid. com.
如果你想要测试你对我们今天说的这些的理解程度，和往常一样，你可以登录 www. engvid. com 查看小测验。
And there we have a ton of grammar lessons, pronunciation lessons, vocabulary lessons, reading, writing; anything you can think of, it's there.
那里我们有大量的语法课程，发音课程，词汇课程，阅读，写作；一切你能想到的，应有尽有。
So if you're, you know, someone who's learning English and you want a site that has thousands of videos, engVid is the place to go for you guys.
所以如果你，正在学习英语，想找一个有很多视频课的网站，那 engVid 对你而言是一个很棒的网站。
So while you're there, don't forget to subscribe to my personal YouTube channel, and you can also add me on Facebook,
当你浏览时，不要忘了订阅我的个人 YouTube 频道，你也可以加我的 Facebook 账号，
you can like my Facebook fan page, and you can also add me on Twitter if you just want to keep up with what I'm doing, and posting pictures, and random English facts and details.
你可以给我的 Facebook 粉丝页面点赞，或者你可以加我的推特账号，如果你想知道我在干什么，传了什么照片，偶尔还有英语知识。
So you can interact with me there or in the comments section below.
所以你可以联系我，或者在下方评论区评论。
Or I'm assuming comments will stay below forever, so if they're here, you know, in the comments section here; or if they're here, in the comments section here.
嗯我只是假设评论区总是在下方，所以如果评论区在这里，就在这里评论；或者在那里，就在那评论。
But I think the comments are probably below.Okay?
但我想评论应该在下方。对吧？
So just comment below, let me know if you like the video, and tell your friends.Till next time, thanks for clicking.
所以只需在下面评论，让我知道你是否喜欢这个视频并推荐给你的朋友。下次见，感谢收看。