Hi, everyone. I'm Jade, today we're talking about common mistakes that native speakers make.
大家好，我是Jade，今天我们要讲一讲英语母语者会犯的常见错误。
And I use the word "mistakes", I use that word "mistakes" for you.
我用了“错误”这个词，我是为你们用的“错误”这个词。
I don't actually listen to people and say, "You're wrong! You're wrong!" because a lot of the time, it's about variety of English and accent as well.
我实际上并不会听别人讲话然后说“你说错！你说错了！”，因为很多时候这其中还有英语的多样化和口音的因素。
Whether they use...this grammar is incorrect grammar in terms of standard English.
无论他们用......这种语法从标准英语的角度来说是不正确的。
But people use it, and people say it.So that's why I'm telling you about it.
但是大家会这么用，这么说。所以这就是我要跟你们讲它的原因。
Also, I've got so much respect for people who come and learn English, but like, you could say, like, on the street, you know, they're not taking classes.
还有，我非常尊重过来学习英语的人，但是可以说他们学的是街头英语，他们没有正经去上课。
They're learning from the people they're around.Sometimes, the people you're around speak in the way where there are these mistakes.
他们是从身边的人那儿学的英语。有时候，你身边的人讲英语时会出现这些错误。

So that's the kind of thing that you acquire.Nothing wrong with that because people speak like that.
所以那就是你们学到的东西。那没有什么不对的，因为大家就是这么讲话的。
But maybe you get to a point where sometimes you've seen something in a book where grammar is explained, but it's not what you hear people using.
但是可能你会遇到这种情况，有时候你在语法书上看到了个什么，但是这和你听到的人们的用法不一样。
And when that happens, there's sometimes quite a lot of confusion.
当那种情况发生时，有时候会让人感到非常困惑。
So I'm pointing out these mistakes to you so that you can observe them yourself, and then,
所以我给你们指出这些错误的目的就在于这样你们可以自己察觉到这些错误，
you can decide, "Well, I like saying it that way" or, "I don't want to say it that way."
然后自行决定要不要这么用。“我喜欢这么说”或者是“我不想那么说。”
"That's the way everyone I know speaks, so I'm going to speak like that" or, "I'm going to choose not to."So, yeah, let's take a little look.
“我认识的每个人都是这么讲话的，所以我也要这么说”或者“我选择不这么说。”就是这样，我们来看一看吧。
So something you'll hear a lot in many different accents in English, British English, is using "was" for all past subjects.
你可能在英式英语的很多不同口音中经常会听到的就是在过去时的所有主语后都用 "was"。
So you learn in your grammar books that you say, "I was, you were, we..." I need to think about this, "we were, they were, blah, blah, blah, he/she/it was."
你在语法书上学的是 " I was，you were，we......" 这个我得想一下，" we were，they were，he/she/it was"。
But a lot of people just say "was" all the time when they're talking about the past.They say, "We was going there" or, "they was joking."
但是很多人在谈论过去的事情时一直只用 "was"。他们说：" We was going there" 或者 "they was joking"。
It's not standard English, but you will hear it a lot.So we are, in standard English, expected to use "were" in our sentences, not to use "was" all the time.
这不是标准的英语，但是经常会听到这种说法。在标准英语中，我们这两个句子主语后都应该用 "were"，而不是一直用 "was"。
Moving on, No. 2, substituting the past participle where the past simple is needed. Okay.
继续，第二点，在需要用一般过去时的地方用过去分词。
Okay. So these are example sentences that you will hear which are considered incorrect in terms of standard English.
这些都是你们会听到的例句，这些从标准英语的角度来说都被认为是不正确的。
"I done it." "Did you do your homework?" "I done it.""Where's the vodka?" "He drunk it."
比如" I done it"，“你做作业了吗？” "I done it."。“伏特加在哪里？” "He drunk it."
"Where's the dog?", no, not where's the dog, "Where are the kids?""They run over the road."Okay? You'll hear those.
“狗在哪里？”不，不是狗在哪里，“孩子们在哪里？”。"They run over the road."看到了吗？你们会听到这样的句子。
But these sentences should either be past simple here because we're talking about completed, finished, past events, or they should be present perfect sentences.
但是这些句子要么应该用一般过去时，因为我们讲的是完成了的，结束了的过去的活动，要么应该用现在完成时。
So they're using the past participle, which relates to the present perfect as in an action that happened in the past still with an impact now,
这些句子里用的是和现在完成时有关的过去分词，表示的是发生在过去但现在仍有影响的动作，
but it's confused because it's used without an auxiliary verb.
但是这又让人很疑惑，因为它们没有助动词。
So let's compare to the correct standard English versions."Where's your homework?" "I did it."
我们来比较一下正确的标准英语的版本。“你的作业呢？” "I did it." （我做完了）
"Where's the vodka?" "He drank it."The past simple form of the verb "drink" is "drank".
“伏特加在哪里？” "He drank it." （他喝掉了）动词 "drink" 的一般过去时形式是 "drank"。
I'll write that one down because it's a confusing one.So it's "drink, drank, drunk".
我把它写下来，因为这个很容易弄混。所以它的三种形式分别是 "drink，drank，drunk"。
And, yeah, "Where are the kids?" "They ran over the road."This one is confusing as well, "run, ran, run".
还有，“孩子们在哪里？” "They ran over the road." （他们跑到路对面去了）。这个也很容易弄混，它的三种形式是 "run，ran，run"。
And let's look at it in the present perfect forms."Where's your homework?" "I've done it."
我们来看看这些句子的现在完成时形式。“你的作业呢？” "I've done it." （我已经做完了）
"Where's the vodka?" "He's drunk it."And, "Where are the kids?" "They've run over the road."
“伏特加在哪里？” "He's drunk it." （他已经喝掉了）“孩子们在哪里？” "They've run over the road." （他们已经跑到路对面去了）
They're still there, they haven't come back yet.So moving on from there, is this one a mistake?
他们还在那里，还没有回来。我们继续，这一个是错误吗？
I'm not sure if this one is a mistake.I know that I do this one, especially in text messages and things like that.
我不确定这个是不是错误。我知道我会这么做，尤其是发短信之类的时候。
No auxiliary verbs when making questions, word elision.So in my text messages, I say something like this, "You going out later?"
问问题时不用助动词，也就是省略单词。我发短信的时候会发像这样的内容："You going out later？" （你等会儿出去？）
It's very direct, not using the question.Also, in speech, it's used quite a lot.
这非常直接，没有用问句的形式。这种形式在口语中也经常使用。
So maybe it's just that native speakers are lazy, we know from the tone that we're asking a question."You going out later?"
可能只是因为英语母语者太懒了，我们从语气中知道我们是在问问题。“你等会儿出去？”
Because it goes up, we're not bothering to say the question words."Do you have a pen?", just "You have a pen?"
因为它的音调是上升的，所以我们就懒得把疑问词说出来了。不用说 "Do you have a pen？"，直接说 "You have a pen？" （你有笔吗？）。
It's a bit strong, it's not very polite.And this one.What? This is wrong."What you doing? What doing?"No, no, no, this isn't right.
这个语气有点强烈，不是很有礼貌。还有这一个。这是啥？这个错了。"What you doing？What doing？"不不不，这不对。
"What you doing? ", what did I mean to say here?Oh, the word is missing.
"What you doing？"，我在这里想表达的是什么意思？哦，这里漏了一个单词。
So we would say, "What you doing" rather than, "What are you doing?"
我们会说 "What you doing" 而不是 "What are you doing？" （你在干什么？）。
I'd say that it's more direct and less polite to speak like this, and it's incorrect in terms of standard English, but people speak like that.
我要说的是，这样说话更直接，没那么有礼貌，而且从标准英语的角度来说是不正确的，但是大家都这样说话。
No. 4, I'm not so much of a language pedant, which is someone who thinks that there is only one way to say things and there's, like, a really wrong way to say things.
第四点，我还不属于那种语言学究，就是那种认为只有一种表达方式，而且认为某种说话方式大错特错的人。
Things don't really annoy me that much about language, except No. 4.
语言方面一般不会出现让我特别讨厌的事情，除了第四点。
This is the exception for me, I don't know why it's a thing for me, but -- substituting "what" for "that" or "which".
这对我来说是个例外，我也不知道为什么它这么让我讨厌，不过...... 这个问题就是用 "what" 代替 "that" 或 "which"。
Where we need to write "that" or "which", some people use the word "what".
在我们应该写 "that" 或 "which" 的地方，有些人会用 "what"。
So here's an example, "I have two jackets what I wear." "I've got two jackets what I wear."
下面是一个例子："I have two jackets what I wear." 或 "I've got two jackets what I wear."。
Sorry, northern people, more people say that, it's not just northern people.
对不住了，北方的朋友，很多人这么说，不只是北方的人。
"What", it doesn't...I'm trying to understand why people say it, I'm not quite sure.
"what" 并不......我在试着理解为什么人们会这么说，但我不是很确定。
My only thinking is because we sometimes use "what" in a question to refer to things: "I've got two jackets, what jacket shall I wear?",
我唯一的头绪是因为我们有时候会在问句中用 "what" 来指代事物，比如 "I've got two jackets，what jacket shall I wear？" （我有两件夹克，我应该穿什么夹克？）
because in this sense, "what" can mean "thing".
因为在这里 "what" 有 “东西”的意思。
But in this sentence here, "what" just doesn't belong, we need to use "which" or "that".
但是把 "what" 用在这里这个句子中不合适，我们要用 "which" 或 "that"。
"I have two jackets which or that I wear.", because in terms of grammar, "which" or "that" are relative pronouns and we use them to refer to things.
应该改成："I have two jackets which/that I wear" （我有两件会穿的夹克），因为从语法上来说，"which" 或 "that" 是关系代词，我们用它们来指代事物。
"What" is not a relative program...relative pronoun, but just in speech, it's fairly common to hear that.
"what" 不是关系代词，但是在口语中经常听到人们用它。
Some people don't refer to things using "that" or "which", ever.They say "what" all the time.
有些人在指代事物时从来不用 "that" 或 "which"。他们用的一直是 "what"。
So, yeah, when we come back, we'll look at four other...let's say differences, maybe they're mistakes, between what native speakers say and what your textbooks tell you.
我们回来后继续看剩下的四个...... 我们就说是差异吧，也有可能是错误，英语母语者说的英语和课本上的英语之间的差异。
Here we are with some more native speaker issues to talk about.So what are these words, "ain't" and "innit"?
我们再来讲一些英语母语者的问题。"ain't" 和 "innit"，这些单词是什么？
These are negative forms for verbs that you probably know.
这些是两个动词的否定形式，你们可能认识这两个动词。
"I ain't doing it", "ain't" means like..."I'm not" is the best way of saying it.
"I ain't doing it" 中的 "ain't" 意思是...... "I'm not" 是表达这个意思的最佳方式。
So I would say...my pen is not very, very nice, "I'm not doing it."
所以我会说......我的笔不是很好写，我会说 "I'm not doing it."。
That's the grammatically standard way, "I'm not doing it."
"I'm not doing it" 才是从语法上来说的标准表达。
But you'll often hear "ain't" in sentences in London, "I ain't doing it."
但是在伦敦经常会听到句子里有 "ain't"，比如 "I ain't doing it." （我不要这么做）。
And also, "It's a nice day, innit?"
还有，"It's a nice day，innit？" （天气不错，不是吗？）。
"Innit", when we have a question tag, people say "innit", which is "isn't it".
在反义疑问句中人们会说 "innit"，也就是 "isn't it" 的意思。
These ones are important to mention because a lot of people will judge you for saying "ain't" and "innit" as being an uneducated person
这些词一定要讲是因为很多人听到你说 "ain't" 和 "innit" 就会认为你没有受过什么教育，
because there's so much like judgment that goes on about language in England.
因为英国人很喜欢对语言进行评判。
I'm just pointing it out to you.But you know, sometimes, we all probably say "ain't".
我只是把它给你们指出来。但是有时候我们所有人可能都会说 "ain't"。
You can say it to add emphasis or in a joke or whatever."Go and clean your room." "I ain't doing it!"
可以用它来加强语气或开玩笑什么的。“去打扫你的房间。” “我不！”
You know, you can say anything if you know what you're saying it for and, you know, you choose to say it that way.
只要你清楚自己这么说的目的以及你选择这么讲话，那你什么都可以说。
So sometimes, speaking in a non-standard way, it can be like a bit funny or being inventive with language.
有时候以一种不标准的方式说话会显得有点搞笑，或者在语言上很有创意。
But I wouldn't say that in any kind of formal situation or work situation, really.
但是我不会在任何正式场合或工作环境中这么说话。
But you know, you'll probably observe just general people using it.
但是你可能会看到一般人用这些语言。
Looking at the next point, not saying past participles that end in "-en".
来看下一点：以 "-en" 结尾的动词没有用过去分词。
So here are some verbs, "take, write, break, ate", and here are the forms in the past participle.
这里是一些动词："take"，"write"，"break"，"ate"，这里是这些动词的过去分词形式。
So "take" becomes "taken"; "write" becomes "written"; "break" becomes "broken"; and "ate" becomes "eaten".
所以 "take" 就变成了 "taken"，"write" 就变成了 "written"，"break" 变成了 "broken"，"ate" 变成了 "eaten"。
A lot of people don't use the past participle form in their sentences.
很多人在句子中都不用动词的过去分词形式。
So they say things like this: "He hasn't took his lunch."You take your lunch break, you know, you go away for 20 minutes or 30 minutes to eat.
所以他们说出来的句子就像这样："He hasn't took his lunch."。你会有午餐休息时间，也就是有20或30分钟的吃饭时间。
Another verb we can use is "have": "He hasn't had his lunch."But it doesn't fit with the past participle example I'm talking about.
我们可以用的另一个动词是 "have"，"He hasn't had his lunch."。但是它不符合我现在讲的这种过去分词的例子。
So this is wrong, "He hasn't took his lunch."How should it be? "He hasn't taken his lunch."
所以 "He hasn't took his lunch." 这个句子是错误的。正确的应该是怎样的呢？正确的是："He hasn't taken his lunch." （他还没吃午餐）。
Next example, "Has he wrote the letter?", this is a question form, "Has he wrote the letter?"
下一个例子："Has he wrote the letter？"，这是一个问句的形式。
It's the present perfect, so we need to use the past participle.The past participle of this verb is "written"."Has he written the letter?"
这里是现在完成时，所以我们要用过去分词。这个动词的过去分词是 "written"。所以正确的句子就是："Has he written the letter？" （他写了信吗？）。
So I'm just going to put that crosses there so you can see it's wrong.
我在那儿画个“×”，这样你们就知道这是错误的了。
"She has broke it."What do we put? "She has broken it."And the last example, "We haven't ate our cake."
下一个例句："She has broke it."。我们要改成什么？"She has broken it." （她把它弄坏了）最后一个例句："We haven't ate our cake."。
What's the past participle, oh, this is the...I've put the past form there.
过去分词是什么，啊，这个是......我在那儿写的是过去式。
So the present simple tense, the present form is "eat", so it becomes "eat, ate, eaten"."We haven't eaten our cake."
这是一般过去时，现在时形式是 "eat"，所以它三种形式是："eat，ate，eaten"。应该改成："We have'n't eaten our cake." （我们还没有吃蛋糕）。
And I'll just mention a pronunciation difference here.
我提一下这里的读音区别。
Some people will say, "We haven't ate our cake", and some people will say, "We haven't ate our cake."
有些人会说 "We haven't ate (/et/) our cake."，而有些人会说 "We haven't ate (/eit/) our cake."。
There's variety there, I personally say "ate", "I ate my lunch earlier."
这是读音不同，我个人是读成 /eit/，“我早些时候吃了午餐”。
No. 7, let's take a look at this, confusing "borrow" and "lend".Let me try to explain.
第七点，我们来看看这个——混淆 "borrow" 和 "lend"。我尽量解释清楚。
What a native speaker may say is, "Borrow me some money."You've got money, I want it, "Borrow me some money."
英语母语者会说："Borrow me some money." （借我点钱）。你有钱，我想要钱，所以就是 "Borrow me some money."。
But that's wrong, you can "lend someone money".
但这是错的，应该说"lend someone money" （借给某人钱）。
"Lend someone money", so you can say, "Lend me some money, please", demanding it.
你可以说："Lend me some money，please." （请借给我一点钱），要求别人给你借钱。
Or "Could you please lend me some money?"But you can borrow money from somewhere.
或者问：“能请你给我借点钱吗？”但是你可以说 "borrow money from somewhere" （从某处借钱）。
So you lend me the money, and I borrow it from you.
所以你给我借钱用的是 "lend"，而我找你借钱用的是 "borrow"。
I could say, "I borrowed money from you." ,"I borrowed money from you."
我可以说："I borrowed money from you." （我找你借了钱）。
"You lent me the money.", when it's coming this direction to me, I use "lend".
至于 "lend"，如果钱的流向是你给我，那就用 "lend"。
"You lent me the money, I borrowed it from you."
所以就是你给我借钱的时候用 "lend"，我找你借钱的时候用 "borrow"。
Or you could say, "The bank lent me some money. I borrowed some money from the bank."So it depends on the direction.
或者可以说："The bank lent me some money. I borrowed some money from the bank." （银行给我借了一些钱。我从银行借了一些钱）。所以用哪个动词取决于方向。
"Lend" is towards, and when it's borrowed, you take it from someone, and you bring it to yourself, you have to give it back later.
"lend" 是给别人，而 "borrow" 是从别人那里拿，拿到后给自己，以后要还回去。
And No. 8, this isn't one you're going to hear in speech, this is one you're going to see a lot in writing.
第八点，你们在口语中不会听到这个，但是在书面语中经常会看到。
And it always surprises me, actually, how many people don't know the difference, native speakers, between these words.
我总是觉得很惊讶，居然有这么多人，这么多以英语为母语的人不知道这些单词之间的区别。
These are homonyms, that means that they sound the same.
这些是同音异义词，也就是说它们的读音是一样的。
"Homonym", sound the same, "there", "their", "they're", but they have different meanings.So "there" means "place", "over there."
同音异义词，也就是读音一样的意思，比如 "there"，"their"，"they're"，但是它们的意思不同。"there" （那里）指的是地方，比如 "over there" （在那里）。
The way...I don't know, I can understand what that means by feeling it in my hands."There", pointing word, "-ere".
我能通过用手来感知弄懂那是什么意思。"there" 是指示词，词尾是 "-ere"。
We use this " their", which is a personal...which is a pronoun for talking about possessions."This is their pen."
我们用这个 "their" （他们/它们的）来表示所属，这是一个代词。比如 "This is their pen." （这是他们的笔）。
There are some people over there, and this pen belongs to them, "This is their pen."
那里有一些人，而这支笔是属于他们的，所以就说这是他们的笔。
To do with possession, "-eir".And this one, with the apostrophe, is a contraction of "they are".
这个单词和所属有关，以 "-eir" 结尾。而这个有一撇的，是 "they are" 的缩写。
And it's different to these two, it means "they are", "They are coming."You know, it just...you know like "I am", "you are".
它和这两个不一样，它是 "they are"，比如 "They are coming." （他们要来了）。就像 "I am"，"you are" 一样。
"They are", it's different, it's not to do with possessing something, it's not to do with pointing at something.
"they are" 和前两个不一样，跟某物的所属没有关系，跟指向事物也没有关系。
So, yeah, native speakers are a little bit confused about this and may write the wrong thing in a text message or in an email or something like that.
英语母语者对这一点有些困惑，他们在短信或电子邮件中可能会写错。
Many, many people, so that can confuse you as well when you think you know it and then you see this fairly common mistake.
很多很多人都是这样，所以你有可能也会弄混，你以为你知道，但是接着又看到这个很常见的错误。
So there you go, I've just covered eight of probably the most frequent native speaker errors or we could say nonstandard mistakes in speech and in writing.
就是这样啦，我讲了八个英语母语者在讲话或写作时可能最常犯的错误，或者也可以把它们称为不规范错误。
You can go and do a quiz about this lesson on the EngVid site.So go and check the quiz out.You can also subscribe here to my EngVid channel.
你们可以去EngVid网站上做一做这节课的小测验。所以去看看测验吧。你们可以在这里订阅我的EngVid频道。
And you can subscribe to my other channel, which is also about learning English and stuff.
也可以订阅我其他的频道，那也是关于学习英语之类的内容的。
So there are so many videos, you can watch me every day of your life.
那里有很多视频，你们可以每天都看到我。
Or you can even watch them all together in like 24 hours of me teaching you English if you want to do that.So I'm going to go now.See you later.
或者可以在24小时里一口气把它们全看掉，看我教你们英语，如果你们想这么做的话。就到这里结束啦。下次见。
Yeah. I just got confused, I'll not be laughing at the beginning of it. No. 7...
是啊，我弄错了，我开头不笑了。第七点......