词汇选项
1．All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A．color B．size C．arrangement D．function
2．The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A．hot B．fresh C．heavy D．windy
3．A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A．gathered B．watched C．shouted D．walked
4．The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A．need B．hate C．love D．pity
5．The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A．big B．long C．new D．empty
6．Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A．slightly B．partly C．completely D．faintly
7．Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted “Joe. Joe, Joe.”
A．jumped B．maintained C．repeated D．approached
8．Do we have to wear these name tags?
A．lists B．forms C．codes D．labels
9．He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
A．encouraged B．allowed C．called D．advised
10．Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.
A．offer B．provide C．fund D．modernize
11．The city center was wiped out by the bomb.
A．covered B．reduced C．moved D．destroyed
12．What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
A．shocks B．confuses C．influences D．concerns
13．Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.
A．bring B．keep C．digest D．serve
14．The storm caused severe damage.
A．physical B．accidental C．environmental D．serious
15．I think $ 7 a drink is a bit steep, don’t you?

A．tight B．high C．low D．cheap

阅读判断
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don’t think about it very much — until they get sick.
The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they’re there. They’re sitting on your desk. They’re hiding on your computer’s keyboard. They’re even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria（细菌）. Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）. Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren’t so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）. Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can’t make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies. If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.
16．Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．All bacteria cause illnesses.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．The heart contains the body’s strongest muscle.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Vaccines can make you sick.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）
1　Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient’s immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.
2　MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form（复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）which means that a person’s normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.
3　In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis.
4　The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patient’s individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.
5　The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.


23．Paragraph 1______
24．Paragraph 2 ______
25．Paragraph 3 ______
26．Paragraph 4 ______

A．The Relapsing Form of MS
B．The Definition of MS
C．The Cause of MS
D．The Development of MS
E．The Treatment of MS
F．The Primary Progressive Form of MS



27．MS affects the young adults of nerve cells between the body and__________.
28．An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by the__________.
29．10~15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having__________.
30．Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than__________.

A．the elderly people
B．the brain
C．relatives of MS patients
D．life expectancy
E．the disease
F．the progressive form
阅读理解1
第一篇 New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus
A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers won’t know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections.
“This is a study that’s in progress.” says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center. New York.
The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. They’ve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there. Ho says. “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,” Ho says.
Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses—at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldn’t ask any patient to consider that step before two and a half years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California. San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.
31．According to the passage, the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus__________.
A．hasn’t been made seriously
B．is appreciated by California University
C．continues to show promise
D．will be successful in two and a half years
32．Which is NOT true about Ho’s study?
A．20 patients were involved in the study.
B．The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs.
C．16 patients withdrew from the experiment.
D．The patients have been treated for up to 18 months.
33．The words “Bear in mind undetectable does not equal absent” by Ho’s means__________.
A．AIDS virus can be undetectable in the blood
B．AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood
C．No AIDS virus can be detected in the blood
D．No virus found in the blood means no AIDS
34．We prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses by__________.
A．using up all the drugs at once
B．waiting for the virus to die slowly
C．asking the patients’ feeling about the disease
D．stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back
35．Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are__________.
A．the ways the patients are treated
B．the size of the experiment
C．the cost of the experiment
D．the time the experiment takes
第二篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
36．Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A．A president.
B．A Buddhist priest.
C．A general.
D．A king.
37．Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A．To make its population grow.
B．To keep it separate from the world.
C．To encourage its people to get rich.
D．To keep its tradition and customs.
38．A country shows its progress with GNP by________.
A．selling more products.
B．spending more money.
C．spending less money.
D．providing more jobs.
39．According to GNH, people are happier if they________.
A．have new technology.
B．can change their religion.
C．have a good, stable government.
D．have more money.
40．Today, many countries are________.
A．using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
B．working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
C．taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
D．trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
第三篇 Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）, the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激励）in 1980. The U. S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered “oil-eating” bacterium（细菌）. This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
Human interferon（干扰素）— a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
Human growth hormone—for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone（荷尔蒙）was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
Human insulin（胰岛素）—for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef-or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
41．This passage is mainly about_________.
A．the effects of altering cells
B．the human growth hormone
C．insulin resistance
D．U. S. Supreme Court rulings
42．Genetic engineering may be defined as_________.
A．the altering of normal cell reproduction
B．a branch of applied chemistry
C．a procedure that holds little promise
D．a study on life-saving enzymes
43．According to the passage, human interferon _________.
A．is a hormone that causes disease
B．could be used to treat cancer
C．is a viral disease
D．has been cured
44．In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented_________.
A．as a process
B．in a simple list
C．from earliest to latest
D．as a story
45．In the last paragraph, the word “weighed” has the closest meaning with_________.
A．had great influence
B．became a burden
C．considered carefully
D．measured accurately
补全短文
Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed In Youth Sports
Everywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet（网球拍）. And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. __________ (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition. It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. __________ (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. _________ (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun. Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old.__________ (49) The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friends—in short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A researcher’s found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen.__________ (50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sports – to give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.
A．Survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sports.
B．The young soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C．Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
D．Sports for children have two important purposes.
E．But what about the others, the average kids?
F．Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
完形填空
Old and Active
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A__________ (51) report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world. A healthy long life is the result of the__________(52) in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________ (53) exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be__________ (54) from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we__________ (55) any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet__________ (56) is particularly beneficial__________(57) the human body?
Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a_________ (58) in birthrate. Although longer__________ (59) should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem. The __________(60) of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be _________ (61) an economic problem. if there are so many old people to be looked __________ (62), and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
__________(63) the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a__________(64) of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active__________(65) in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
51．A．recent B．late C．modern D．last
52．A．increase B．progress C．improvement D．growth
53．A．out B．with C．in D．off
54．A．gathered B．understood C．learnt D．gained
55．A．do B．set C．give D．make
56．A．why B．that C．what D．where
57．A．on B．to C．about D．above
58．A．sign B．mystery C．decline D．wonder
59．A．term B．way C．life D．time
60．A．distribution B．number C．size D．figure
61．A．adopting B．meeting C．solving D．facing
62．A．after B．at C．into D．for
63．A．Putting B．Moving C．Lifting D．Raising
64．A．sentiment B．sense C．feeling D．belief
65．A．posts B．roles C．positions D．rates
参考答案
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（卫生类B级）
1 C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 D
6 C 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 B 13 C 14 D 15 B
16 B 17 B 18 A 19 A 20 C
21 A 22 B 23 B 24 A 25 F
26 D 27 B 28 E 29 F 30 A
31 C 32 C 33 A 34 D 35 D
36 D 37 D 38 A 39 C 40 D
41 A 42 A 43 B 44 B 45 C
46 B 47 E 48 A 49 F 50 C
51 A 52 C 53 A 54 C 55 D
56 B 57 B 58 C 59 C 60 B
61 D 62 A 63 D 64 B 65 B
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（卫生类B级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．C　题意：这个建筑物的套间布局都完全相同。
句子中layout的意思是布局，布置。A中color的意思是颜色，色彩；例句：How do you like it in this color? 你觉得它的颜色怎么样？B中size的意思是大小，尺寸；例句：I take size nine shoes.我穿九号的鞋。C中arrangement的意思是安排，布局；例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐。D中function的意思是功能，职务，职责；例句：What is his function on the committee? 他在委员会里担任什么职务？故选C。
2．B　题意：空气清新，50里以外的山峦都能看到。
句子中crisp的意思是新鲜的。A中hot的意思是热的。例句：He bustled her out of the hot house.他催促她快走出那间闷热的房子。B中fresh的意思是新鲜的，新的；例句：We had to do without fresh fruit and vegetable.没有新鲜水果和蔬菜，我们不得不将就一下。C中heavy的意思是重的；例句：The heavy bag weighted the pupil to one side.沉重的书包压得那个小学生歪向一边。D中windy的意思是有风的；例句:It’s a lovely, windy day. Help me to peg out the washing.天气真好，又有风，请把我洗好的衣服晾出去。故选B。
3．A　题意：美国使馆前面聚集了一大群人。
句子中assembled的意思是集合。A中gathered的意思是（使）聚集，集合；例句：Gather some leaves which have an interesting texture and shape.采集一些带有有趣的纹理和形状的叶子。B中watched的意思是注视，看守，监视，警成；例句：The would-be murderer was kept under close watch.那个意欲行凶的人被置于严密监视下。C中shouted的意思是呼，喊，叫；例句：He is rather far away, but if you shout, he may hear you.他在相当远的地方，但是如果你大声喊的话，他可能听得见。D中walked的意思是走，步行，散步；例句：You walk on ahead. I shall soon catch you up.你在前面先走，我很快就会赶上你。故选A。
4．B　题意：他对学生的蔑视是显而易见的。
句子中contempt的意思是轻视，轻蔑。A中need的意思是需要。例句：There’s no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身。B中hate的意思是仇恨，厌恶；例句：Love and hate are two extremes of feelings.爱与恨是感情的两个极端。C中love的意思是爱，喜欢；例句：We should parent children with both love and discipline.我们应该用爱和管教来当好孩子的父母。D中pity的意思是怜悯，同情，憾事；例句：Pity welled up in her heart as she watched the disabled child.当她看到那个残疾孩子的时候，怜悯之情涌上心头。故选B。
5．D　题意：这面墙是空心砖搭建的。
句子中hollow的意思是空的，空洞的。A中big的意思是大的；例句：We now have a big house of which we could not have dreamed years ago.我们现有的一座大房子是我们多年前没能想象得到的。B中long的意思是长的；例句：Their clothes were all bunched up after being in suitcases for so long.他们的衣服在衣箱里放得时间这么长，以至都打褶了。C中new的意思是新的；例句：I redirected his letters 10 his new house.我把他的信件改寄到他的新住所。D中empty的意思是空的；例句：He hurtled his empty gun at my face.他把空枪猛地朝我的脸上投来。故选D。
6．C　题意：她关于男人的评论真是一派胡言。
句子中utterly的意思是完全地，彻底地。A中slightly的意思是轻微地；例句：We had to slightly modify the original design.我们不得不对原来的设计稍加修改。B中partly的意思是部分地，不完全地；例句：The reason why one is fat is partly caused by overeating.造成肥胖的部分原因是饮食过量。C中completely的意思是完整地，彻底地（例句：He was completely smeared by his match.他被他对手彻底打败了。D中faintly的意思是微弱地，隐约地；例句：Daisy rose，smiling faintly, and went to the table.黛西站了起来，微微一笑，走到桌子前面。故选C。
7．C　题意：乔伊走到窗边听到人群中重复喊着：“乔伊！乔伊！乔伊！”
句子中chanted的意思是反复有节奏地喊叫（或唱等）。A中jumped的意思是跳；例句：A horse must be carefully mouthed before he is taught to jump.教马跳跃之前必须小心使它习惯于马嚼子。B中maintained的意思是保持，保养，坚持；例句：Even if we cannot agree, we should maintain our contact.即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。C中repeated的意思是重复；例句：She repeated what she had said.她重复了自己说过的话。D中approached的意思是接近，走近。例句：He cautiously approached the house.他小心地走近那所房子。故选C。
8．D　题意：我们需要戴着胸卡吗？
句子中name tags的意思带有名字的标签，tag是标签的意思。A中lists的意思是名单；例句：His name was dropped from the list.他的名字从名单上除去了。B中forms的意思是表格；例句：To apply for a job, you must fill out a form.中请工作要填表。C中codes意思是编码，代号；例句：He sent a message in code.他用密码发送了一份讯息。D中labels的意思是标签。例句：All the sale items had special labels.所有减价品都有特殊标签。故选D。
9．A　题意：他鼓励很多年轻人运动起来。
句子中inspired的意思是鼓舞，激励。A中encouraged的意思是鼓励，支持；例句：She encouraged him to talk to her.她鼓励他与她交谈。B中allowed的意思是允许；例句：He doesn’t allow cats in the room.他不允许猫进入房内。C中called的意思是叫，通电话；例句：He called the waitress over.他将服务员小姐叫了过去。D中advised的意思是建议。例句：We advised her that she (should) wait.我们劝她等。故选A。
10．D　题意：我们的目标是更新健康服务，我们做到了。
句子中update的意思是更新。A中offer的意思是提供，给予；例句：He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。B中provide的意思是提供，供给；例句：Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算设法使地的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。C中fund的意思是提供资金；例句：They are raising funds for a new laboratory.他们在募款建一个新的实验室。D中modernize的意思是使现代化；例句：First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory.首先我们如果要保持竞争力的话，就需要使我们的工厂现代化。故选D。
11．C　题意：城市中心被炸弹攻陷。
句子中wiped out的意思是歼灭，攻陷。A中covered的意思是覆盖，掩护；例句：The highway was covered with snow.公路被雪覆盖着。B中reduced的意思是减少，降低；例句：He is trying to reduce expenses.他正试图减少开支。C中moved的意思是移动，搬动；例句：That chair is in the way，move it please.那把椅子挡着路，请把它移开。D中destroyed的意思是破坏，摧毁，消灭，歼灭；例句：What he said destroyed our last hope.他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。故选C。
12．B　题意：使我疑惑的是，为什么他的书如此受欢迎。
句子中puzzles的意思是使人迷惑。A中shocks的意思是使人震惊；例句：We were shocked by the news of his death.他去世的消息令我们震惊。B中confuses的意思是使困惑；例句：They confused me by their conflicting advice.他们的建议相互矛盾，把我弄糊涂了。C中influences的意思是影响；例句：It is not his parents that influence him so much as his teachers.他的父母并不像他的老师对他那样有影响。D中concerns的意思是关系到；关心；例句：The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。故选B。
13．C　题意：大多数婴儿能消化的食物很多。
句子中take in的意思是吸收，消化。A中bring的意思是带来，引来；例句：The success brought him great satisfaction.成功给他带来极大的快慰。B中keep的意思是保持，遵守；例句：That’s something we have always to keep in mind.那是我们应该经常记在心里的。C中digest的意思是消化，整理，吸收；例句：The baby is too small to digest meat.婴儿大小，吃肉不消化。D serve的意思是服务，提供；例句：Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.必须教育孩子长大后为因家服务。故选C。
14．D　题意：风暴造成了严重的损失。
句子中severe的意思是剧烈的，严重的。A中physical的意思是自然（界）的，物质的；例句：There may be a physical explanation for these strange happenings.这些奇怪现象也许有符合自然法则的解释。B中accidental的意思是意外的，偶然（发生）的；例句：Breaking the vase was purely accidental；she did not mean to do it.打碎花瓶纯属是偶然失手；她无意弄坏它。C中environmental的意思是（个人）环境的，周围的；例句：This is an extreme example，but in every case, the environmental factors affect delivery schedule and budget.这是一个极端的例子，但在每种情况下，环境因素都会影响交付计划和预算。D中serious的意思是严肃的，严重的；例句：He fell off the tree but nothing serious happened.他从树上摔下来，但没有出什么事。故选D。
15．B　题意：我认为七块钱买一杯喝的太贵了，你觉得呢？
句子中steep的意思是过分的，夸张的，极高的。A中tight的意思是紧的，牢固的；例句：The shoes are too tight for me.我觉得鞋子太紧了。B中high的意思是高的：例句：He is covetous of her high salary.他垂涎她的高薪。C中low的意思是低的，矮小的；例句：The office is in a low building.办公室设在一栋低矮的房子里。D中cheap的意思是便宜的，廉价的；例句：The coat may be expensive but looks cheap.那件大衣也许很贵，但是看起来很便宜。故选B。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．B　题意：病毒只存活于动物或者植物的体内。
关键词为inside在……内；people or animals动物或植物。
根据关键词到文中找相关句为第二段第10句Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants，由此表明病毒是只能存活于动物或植物体内的致病菌。因此题干错误，故选B项。
17．B　题意：所有的细菌都会导致生病。
从常识上来讲，一般比较绝对的说法都是错误的。第二段倒数第五句Some bacteria are good明确说明，一些细菌是好的。所以选B。
18．A　题意：清洗皮肤可以避免一些疾病。
以wash为关键词到文中去寻找关键句。由第三段第二、三句Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water，可知可以简单地通过用水和香皂清洗来预防一些疾病。可见题干表述是正确的。故选A。
19．A　题意：细菌可以通过眼睛进入体内。
我们以eyes作为关键字回文中找相关表述。第三段最后一句为But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose，由此可知细菌可以通过口眼鼻等途径进入体内，所以题干表述正确，选A。
20．C　题意：心脏有体内最强健的肌肉。
全文根本没有提及过muscle（肌肉）的话题。所以本题选C。
21．A　题意：杀死细菌后，抗体留在体内。
此题可以以kill, antibodies, stay这三个关键字中的任一个到文中查找到相关句为第四段倒数第三句：After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body，由此可见题干表述正确，所以本题选A。
22．B　题意：疫苗会让你生病。
最后一段讲的是Vaccines（疫苗）的相关话题。由本段第三、四、五句Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can’t make you sick。可知疫苗是死的或者弱化的细菌不会致病。所以题干的表述是错的。故本题选B。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．B　第一段主要讲述多发性硬化症的定义及其症状。所以本题选The Definition of MS（多发性硬化症的定义），故选B。
24．A　第二段主要讲述复发型多发性硬化症相关的内容。所以本题选The Relapsing Form of MS（复发型多发性硬化症），故选A。
25．F　第三段主要讲述原发进展型多发性硬化症的相关内容。所以本题选The Primary Progressive Form of MS（原发进展型多发性硬化症），故选F。
26．D　第四段主要讲述患多发性硬化症的后果。所以本题选The Development of MS（多发性硬化症的发展），故选D。
27．B　句意：多发性硬化症影响年轻人躯体和……之间的神经细胞的联络。
根据第一段第二句后半句as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain可知应选多发性硬化症影响躯体与大脑间的电信号传输。故选B。
28．E　句意：多发性硬化症患者可以不受……的影响很好地生活多年。
根据第一段最后一句However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present可知，由于人体的灵法性与适应性多少可以补偿因疾病所造成的损害，所以病人仍可不受疾病的影响，看起来很好，故选E。
29．F　句意〜15%的患者被诊断为……。
第三段讲述原发进展型多发性硬化症的相关内容，由最后一句This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis可获知此项应为“原发进展型多发性硬化症”，故选F。
30．A　句意：年轻成人比……得此病的几率更高。
根据文章最后一段最后两句Onset of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men however，it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people，可知患此病的人通常年龄在20岁到40岁之间，故选A。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．C　题意：根据文章，消灭艾滋病毒的尝试……。
根据文中第一段A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise可知，消灭艾滋病毒是有希望的。故选C。
32．C　题意：关于何的研究下列哪项是错误的？
根据文章第四段最后一句Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system可知，20位参与实验的病人其中四人因副作用等原因退出，所以C项的陈述有误。故选C。
33．A　题意：何所说的Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent是指……。
文章第五段第一句The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients，第六段第一句Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses—at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years，由这两句可知药物将病毒抑制到血液中检测不到的水平上，在病人体内仍然有病毒的存在，而何估计若要除灭余下的病毒还需要两到三年的时间。Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent的意思是：记住，检测不到不等于不存在。所以A选项中“艾滋病毒在血液中检测不到”的陈述是正确的，故选A。
34．D　题意：我们用……证明药物已经除掉了余下的病毒。
根据第六段第一、二句Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses…But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back可知，现在剂量的药物能够消灭掉体内剩余的病毒，但还要现察停药后病症是否会复发。故选D。
35．D　题意：其他科学家关注类似实验的……。
根据文中最后一段第二句…see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs和最后一句Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more说明该项由联邦政府提供资金的研究中，通过实验来看病人用药六个月后的反应是否良好，而实验中病人治疗的时间也可能达18个月或更长，由此可判断科学家们关心实验所需的时间故选D。
第二篇
36．D　题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁？
根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。
37．D　题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么？
根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions,说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。
38．A　题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。
根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。
39．C　题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。
文章第三段集中讲述GNH,人们更幸福包括they have health care，education, and jobs； they live in a healthy, protected environment; they can keep their traditional culture and customs; they have a good, stable government。由此可知C项正确。
40．D　题意：现在，很多国家……。
根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福，故选D。
第三篇
41．A　题意：本文的大意是……？
通读全文，主要讲述基因工程始于人们对DNA的了解，而对DNA的认知使人们可以改变正常的人体细胞繁殖，并取得相应的应用。文中第一段中也有相应的表述：An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction，所以A选项的“改变细胞的效果”比较适合，故选A。
42．A　题意：基因工程应该被定义为……。
关于基因工程（genetic engineering)的定义，与点明全文主旨的相关句是同一个句子：An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction所以基因工程的中心就是改变正常的人体细胞繁殖(the altering of normal cell reproduction)。所以本题选A。
43．B　题意：根据文章，干扰素……。
题干的关键字human interferon，回原文通查，第三段主要讲述干扰素，根据Human interferon—a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease可知，干扰素可以治疗一些癌症和由病毒感染引起的疾病。因此答案为B.
44．B　题意：本文中，三种基因工程药物产品的列举是……。
A项“作为一个过程”；B项“随机的，一个简单的列表”，项“问世时间由远及近”；D项“作为一个故事”。通读文章，我们可知三者引用领域不同，所以是作者随机列举的。故选B。
45．C　题意：最后一段，单词“weighted”和以下哪个意思最接近？
先在最后一段找到含weighted的句子Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures这句话的意思是：基因工程的研究仍在不断取得进展，尽管他们经常必须对程序的安全性更加重视。weighted在这里的意思是“重视”。A项“影响重大”，B项“成为负担”,C项“谨慎考虑”,D项“精准测量”。可见C项符合题意，因此选C。