词汇选项
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A．inflexible B．general C．complex D．direct
2．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A．send B．hear C．confirm D．spread
3．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A．shut B．set C．beat D．break
4．The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A．naked B．cautious C．blind D．private
5．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A．end B．shorten C．start D．resume
6．The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.
A．approved B．rejected C．submitted D．considered
7．The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.
A．unknown B．unusual C．undamaged D．unstable
8．The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
A．treated B．tested C．corrupted D．polluted
9．The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.
A．reliable B．effective C．simple D．alternative
10．This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
A．turned dead B．passed by C．become extinct D．carried away
11．She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A．wiped B．injected C．removed D．produced
12．Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A．untouched B．certain C．doubtful D．silent
13．They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A．existence B．importance C．cause D．situation
14．Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.
A．moral B．regular C．fundamental D．hard
15．Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.
A．argue B．compete C．claim D．wish

阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
In Your Face
Why is this man so angry? We don’t know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face. Whatever culture you come from, you can expressing.
Forty years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became interested in how people’s faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans’ expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.
Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people’s faces. Ekman’s research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina, and got the same results.
According to Ekman, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But most emotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.
But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be more aware of things that make us angry and we can think before we react.
There are many differences between cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.
16．Paul Ekman studies people’s faces in different cultures.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New Guinea
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Organic Food: Why?
1　Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.
2　Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertiliser are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting food.
3　Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health
4　The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.
5　The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins. As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops.”

23．Paragraph 1 _____
24．Paragraph 2 _____
25．Paragraph 3 _____
26．Paragraph 4 _____

A．Research into whether organic food is better
B．Description of organic farming
C．Factors that affect food health value
D．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food
E．Main reason for the popularity of organic food
F．Testing the taste of organic food

27．Techniques of organic farming help _________.
28．There is no convincing evidence to _________.
29．The weather conditions during the growth of crops _________.
30．The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to _________.

A．affect their nutritional content
B．be specially trained
C．improve soil quality
D．be eaten
E．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones
F．poison you
阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers（獾）. The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly（谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious（凶恶的）. Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey（猎物）. The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity — or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seem to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
31．Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A．To find where honey badgers live.
B．To observe how honey badgers behave.
C．To catch some honey badgers for food.
D．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
32．What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B．They are always looking for food.
C．They do not enjoy human company.
D．It is common for them to attack people.
33．What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A．There were some creatures they did not eat.
B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
D．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
34．Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A．They don’t run very quickly.
B．They hunt over a very large area.
C．They defend their territory from other badgers.
D．They are more aggressive than females
35．What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A．They lost interest in people.
B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
C．They started eating more.
D．Other animals started working with them.
第二篇 DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA．A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars — the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985．Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988．In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique.
The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results.
DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.
36．If two sisters are identical twins, their complete DNAs are
A．the same.
B．unique.
C．different.
D．similar.
37．DNA fingerprinting is a technique of
A．grouping DNA strands into structures.
B．segmenting DNA with probes
C．identifying a person by comparing DNAs
D．constructing body tissues by enzymes.
38．DNA fingerprinting was first used in
A．criminal investigation.
B．genetic disease detection.
C．animal reproduction.
D．private laboratories
39．People question the reliability of DNA fingerprinting for
A．its complex procedure
B．its large scale research.
C．its uniform testing standards.
D．the subjective interpretation of test results.
40．It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that DNA fingerprinting
A．is costly to the police.
B．could be a social issue.
C．is the only way to prove innocence.
D．has been a profitable business.
第三篇 Why Don’t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child’s brain needs time to master language, in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child’s vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs. Children’s mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do—that is, by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don’t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don’t have a well-developed first language. All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task. Even so, just as with American-born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺乏的）of function words, word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words you know.
This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddle-talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.
But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a "critical period" for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.
41．What is the writer’s main purpose in Paragraph 2?
A．To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
B．To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
C．To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
D．To justify a particular approach to language learning.
42．Snedekert Geren and Shafto based their study on children who
A．were finding it difficult to learn English.
B．had come from a number of language backgrounds.
C．were learning English at a later age than US children.
D．had taken English lessons in China.
43．What aspect of the adopted children’s language development differed from that of US-born children?
A．Their first words.
B．The way they learn English.
C．The rate at which they acquired language.
D．The point at which they started producing sentences.
44．What does the Harvard finding show?
A．Not all toddlers use baby talk.
B．Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
C．Some children need more conversation than others.
D．Not all brains work in the same way.
45．When the writer says "critical period", he means a period when
A．studies produce useful results.
B．adults need to be taught like children.
C．immigrants want to learn another language.
D．language learning takes place effectively.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Toads are Arthritic and in Pain
Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. ________ (46).
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. ________ (47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ________ (48)
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night. ________ (49) But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop. ________ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.
A．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.
B．Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.
C．But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
D．But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.
E．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
F．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators（除颤器）and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater _________(51) from sudden death from cardiac arrest（心脏停搏）.
In Germany alone, around 100,000 people die annually _________ (52) a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at _________ (53) are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in _________ (54) life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices _________(55) on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker（起搏器）
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator _________ (56) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG，心电图）within the body. This integrated system allows _________(57) diagnosis of severe blood-flow problems and a pending（即将发生的）heart attack. It will. be implanted in _________(58) for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that _________(59) the evaluation of ECG data more precise.
The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this _________ (60) undergo regular ECGs. "Many of the current programs only take into _________(61) a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process _________(62) reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system," Hagen Knaf says. "In this way changes in the heart _________ (63) over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account." An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the considerably better.
51．A．service B．discount C．advice D．protection
52．A．for B．as C．with D．in
53．A．risk B．last C．all D．once
54．A．leading B．causing C．diagnosing D．repeating
55．A．take B．put C．go D．keep
56．A．worthy B．full C．proud D．capable
57．A．final B．early C．differential D．usual
58．A．patients B．doctors C．researchers D．nurses
59．A．carries B．has C．makes D．requires
60．A．purpose B．reason C．treatment D．chance
61．A．trouble B．account C．confusion D．effort
62．A．what B．since C．it D．that
63． A．failures B．attacks C．beats D．shapes
64．A．suffered B．launched C．avoided D．started
65．A．option B．data C．method D．proposal
参考答案
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题参考答案
1B 2D 3A 4C 5C
6D 7B 8A 9C 10 B
11D 12 A 13 C 14 D 15 B
16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 A
21 C 22 C 23 E 24 B 25 A
26 C 27 C 28 E 29 A 30 D
31 B 32 A 33 C 34 B 35 A
36 A 37 C 38 B 39 D 40 B
41 A 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 D
46 C 47 E 48 A 49 F 50 D
51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A
56 D 57 B 58 A 59 C 60 B
61 B 62 D 63 C 64 A 65 B
说明：
第一部分：第1 ~ 15题，每题1分，15分；
第二部分：第16 ~ 22题，每题1分，7分；
第三部分：第23 ~ 30题，每题1分，8分；
第四部分：第31 ~ 45题，每题3分，45分；
第五部分：第46 ~ 50题，每题2分，10分；
第六部分：第51 ~ 65题，每题1分，15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2013年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题题解
第1部分：词汇选项
1　B　rigid僵硬的、固定的、顽固的，与inflexible同义。
2　D　circulate作不及物动词意思是“传播、流通”，如We should often open the windows to allow the air to circulate．我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。句子的意思是：关于他的财政问题的流言开始传开。
3　A　bust使爆裂，句子意思是：快点，不然我就破门而入了。这里与break同义。
4　C　wary谨慎的、机警的，与cautious同义。naked裸体的，blind盲的，private私人的。
5　C　expire期满、终止。resume是“重新开始”。
6　D　endorse赞同、认可，如：I fully endorse everything the chairperson has said．我完全赞同主席所说的一切。四个选项中，reject拒绝，submit提交，consider考虑，approve赞同。
7　B　intact的意思是“完整无缺的、未受损伤的”，与undamaged同义，如：The church was destroyed in the bombing but the altar survived intact．教堂在轰炸中被毁，但神坛却完好无损。unstable不稳定的。
8　A　Contaminated被污染的，可用polluted替换。
9　C　primitive原始的，在这里可以转义为“简单的”，故用C选项替换。
10　B　die out是固定搭配，意思是“完全消失、灭绝”，become extinct也是形容物种灭绝的，在这里可以替换。Pass away是对死亡的一种婉转说法，常形容人。
11　D　shed流出，shed tears就是流泪，produce也有“产生出”的意思。wipe是“擦”，意思与原文不符。
12　A　skeptical怀疑的，与A项同义。
13　C　magnitude有几个意思，其中一个是“重要（性）"，与importance同义。Existence存在，cause原因，situation状况。
14　D　cardinal意为“基本的”，与D项同义。moral道德的，regular有规律的。
15　B　contend竞争、奋斗。
第2部分：阅读判断
16　A　本文第二、三段提到，Paul Ekman对人的面部如何表达他们的感觉感兴趣，他将美国人表达不同情绪的表情拍下来给住在新几内亚丛林中的人看，又把他们面部表情的照片拍下来给美国人看，之后他又在多个国家进行相同研究，所以他是在研究不同文化的人的面部表情。题干符合文章本意，所以选择A。
17　B　本文第三段最后一句话提到“他在日本、巴西和阿根廷做了更多研究，得到了相同的结果”。而题干中说得到了不同的结果，与本文不符，所以答案是B。
18　C　本文第二、三段中只提到新几内亚人和美国人都能读懂彼此的面部表情，没有提到美国人比新几内亚人更会经常生气，题干的意思在文章中没有体现，所以选择C。
19　A　文中第三段第四句话提到“Ekman的研究有力地证明了表达基本情绪的面部表情在各处都是一样的这个理论”，题干符合文章本意，所以选择A。
20　A　文章第四段最后的例子提到同样闻到新修剪的草的味道的两个人，一个感到高兴另一个感到悲伤，说明遇到同一件事的两个人有可能有不同的情绪。题干符合文章本意，所以选择A。
21　C　文中第五段提到情绪是大脑中最不容易发生改变的部分．但是并没有提到害怕是最难改变的情绪。题干的意思在文章中没有体现所以选择C。
22　C　文章第六段中提到各个地方的笑容都是一样，但是并没有提到不同文化的人在理解彼此时都会笑。题干的意思在文章中没有体现所以选择C。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23　B　第一段第一句讲欧洲目前是最大的提供有机食物的市场，其余各句都是在讲为什么有机食物如此吸引人，因为它是天然的食物，所以本段主要讲的是有机食物受欢迎的原因。答案是B。
24　B　本段第一句讲有机农业不同于传统农业因为它是自然的不是人工的，第二句讲一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，第三句讲有机农业在人力、土地的使用效率，粮食产量上存在局限，最后一句讲有机农业中不使用人工化肥所带来的环境效益很小，所以本段主要是对有机农业的相关描述。答案是B。
25　A　本段第一、二句话讲经常有人称有机农业比传统农业更安全，但对有机农业的研究却拒绝这种说法。本段其余各句在讲一项研究发现有机的和无机的农作物并没有太大差别，仅有的差别也没有发现对健康有很大影响，所以本段主要讲对有机食物是否要更好研究。答案是A。
26　C　本段第一句话讲简单地说有机食物更健康是有误导性的，第二句讲不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，比如土地类型、烹饪方式等，第三句话讲庄稼的口味与它是否施肥等因素无关，所以本段是在讲影响食物营养价值的因素。
27　C　第二段第二句话提到“Techniques such as crop rotation（轮种）improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals"，说明一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量并帮助农民弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，所以答案是C。
28　E　第三段第一、二句话提到“Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim"，意思是“经常有人称有机农业比传统农业更安全，但全世界对有机农业的研究却一直拒绝这种说法”，所以答案是E。
29　A　第四段第二句话提到“Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on”，说明“食物是天然的产物，不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，包括新鲜度，食物的烹饪方式，它生长的土地类型，太阳光亮，吸收的雨水量等”，所以答案是A。
30　D　第五段第四句提到“In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you”，说明事实上，一种植物越接近它的自然状态，它就越有可能让你中毒，所以答案是D。
第4部分：阅读理解
31　B　第一段Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behaviour as discreetly （谨慎地）as possible．可推断出此次调查的目的是了解獾的习性。
32　A　第二段讲述的Khama对獾的评价，它们有很强的好奇心。
33　C　由第三段可知，獾对当地的西瓜很感兴趣，而西瓜含水量很高，它们吃西瓜是为了得到水分。獾通常会吃它们所能抓到的任何动物，连毒蛇也不怕，因此A、B选项错误。獾会组成松散的家庭，因此可排除D项。
34　B　第四段讲了雄性獾的特征，它们能在短时间内行进很长的距离，因此B项正确。它们乐意同其他雄性獾分享领地，因此C错误。文中并没有提到它们在好斗性方面同雌性獾的区别，因此排除D项。
35　A　最后一段As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals' curiosity - or their sudden aggression.獾在习惯人的存在之后兴趣就不那么浓厚了。
36　A　文中第一段最后一句话提到“With the exception of identical twins, the complete DNA of each individual is unique”，说明除了双胞胎这个特殊情况外，每个人的完整DNA都是独一无二的，所以答案是A。
37　C　文中第二段第二句话提到“It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA”，说明DNA指纹识别是一种通过比较DNA片段来进行识别鉴定的方法，所以答案是C。
38　B　文中第三段第二句话提到“Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs”，说明指纹识别技术最初是被用来探测基因疾病的存在，所以答案是B。
39　D　文中第四段最后一句提到“Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results”，说明因为人类必须要对测试做出解释，所以人为的失误也会导致错误的结果，所以D正确。
40　B　第五段讲DNA指纹识别技术很昂贵。嫌疑犯如不能够把他们的DNA提供给专家，也不一定能就基于DNA证据的指控成功地为自己辩护，由此可以推断出这有可能成为一个社会问题。
41　A　第二段的主题句是“All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned”，其他各句都是对这些使他们成为被测试理想人群的因素的说明，所以本段是为了介绍为什么这项研究要采用这些孩子的原因。答案是A。
42　C　第三段提到“These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task”，说明这些孩子比美国本土的孩子学英语要晚，但有着更成熟的处理问题的头脑，所以答案是C。
43 C文中第三段提到“The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American- born children, though at a faster clip”，说明被选做测试的这些孩子与典型的美国本土出生的孩子经历着相同的语言学习阶段，但是是以更快的速度在学习，所以答案是C。
44　B　文章第三段提到，虽然中国的孩子比美国的孩子更晚些学英语，但是他们和美国孩子经历了同样的阶段，他们说出的第一个英语句子都是由单一的单词组成，缺少功能词、词尾和动词。由此可见，语言学习按照一定的顺序发生，所以答案是B。
45　D　最后一段提到“Researchers have long suspected there is a "critical period" for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency”，说明关键期过以后，语言学习就不能很成功地达到流利的程度。由此看出，关键期是语言学习可以有效发生的时期，所以答案是D。
第5部分：补全短文
46　C　第一段主要讲述研究显示蟾蜍会患关节炎。前面的句子讲跳得快的蟾蜍可能体型更大并且腿更长，然后话锋一转，说这种优势也有一大弊端，那就是体型大的蟾蜍更容易患关节炎。
47　E　前文讲述澳大利亚的蟾蜍过多影响了生态平衡，后面讲的是人们尝试消灭蟾蜍但失败了，因此填入的句子应该是关于消灭蟾蜍的。
48　A　前文讲到蟾蜍的适应性极强，什么都能吃，而它的天敌却因为它的毒性而死亡了，因此蟾蜍现在对澳大利亚的生态环境产生了极大影响。
49　F　要填人的句子后面有but，说明是转折，后面讲的是速度和力量带来的负面影响，而前文则应该是讲它的优点，因此F项人选。
50　D　前文讲蟾蜍在实验室内越跳越慢，后文讲在野外蟾蜍习惯于跳跃，既使疼痛也要尽量跳得快，D项讲的是在野外蟾蜍的跳跃速度不会越来越慢，符合题意。
第6部分：完形填空
51　D　本题考查名词词义。A是“服务”，B是“折扣”，C是“建议”，D是“保护”。本句的意思是“德国研究员发明了新一代的除颤器和早期预警软件，目的是为心脏病患者提供保护，避免死于心脏停搏”，所以答案是D。
52　B　本题考查搭配。本句的意思是“仅在德国，每年就有大约10万人由于心脏停搏而死”。B项as a result of是“因此、由于”，其他选项均无此搭配，所以答案是B。
53　A　本题考查短语的意思。A项at risk是“处于危险中的”，B项at last是“最后”，C项at all是“完全（不）、一点儿也（不）”，D项at once是“立刻、马上”。本句的意思是“那些最危险的人是已经得过心脏病的人”，所以答案是A。
54　C　本题考查动词的词义。A是“领导、致使”，B是“导致”，C是“诊断”，D是“重复”。本句的意思是“那些最危险的人是已经遭受过心脏病发作，多年来使用除颤器的人。他们证明在诊断威胁生命的心率紊乱时，及时干预来进行自动修正很有用”，所以答案是C。
55　A　本题考查短语的意思。A项take on是“具有（某种性质特征等）”，B项put on是“穿、戴”，C项go on是“继续”，D项keep on是“继续”。本句的意思是“这些装置具有一系列的功能，比如起搏器的功能”，所以答案是A。
56　D　本题考查形容词词义。本句的意思是心脏专家实现了一个突破，就是植人性的除颤器能够在体内产生六个频道的心电图。A是“值得的”，B是“充满”，C是“骄傲”，D是“能够”，所以答案是D。
57　B　四个选项的意思：A是“最后的”，B是“早期的”，C是“不同的”，D是“平常的”。本句的意思是“这个内在的系统可以在早期诊断出严重的血流问题和即将发生的心脏病”，所以答案是B。
58　A　本题考查名词词义。A是“病人”，B是“医生”，C是“研究员”，D是“护士”。本句的意思是“今年它将第一次被植人到病人体内”，所以答案是A。
59　C　本题考查搭配。本句的意思是研究员同时也开发出新的计算机软件来更精确地对心电图的数据进行评估。C项make evaluation of是“做出评价、进行评估”，相当于carry out evaluation，所以A项错误，B、D选项均无此搭配，所以答案是C。
60　B　本题考查短语的含义。本句的意思是“绝大多数处于危险中的患者没有植人性除颤器，因此必须接受普通的心电图”。A项for this purpose是“为了这个目的”，B项for this reason是“为此，由于这个原因”，C , D选项无此搭配，所以答案是B。
61　B　本题考查短语搭配。本句的意思是“目前的许多程序只考虑数据的线性相关”，B项take into account是“考虑、重视”，其他选项均无此用法，所以答案是B。
62　D　本题考查定语从句。从句中缺少关系代词做主语，修饰process，所以答案选D: that0
63　C　本题考查名词短语意思。A项heart failure是“心力衰竭”，B项heart attract是“心脏病发作”，C项heart beats是“心率”，D项heart shape是“心形”。根据下文“能够被监控”可以推断出这里指的是心率的变化能被监控，所以答案是C。
64　A　本题考查动词的词义。A是“遭受、忍受”，B是“发起、发动”，C是“避免”，D是“开始”。本句的意思是“一项陈旧的心电图数据，是基于600位遭受心脏病发作的患者所做的，它使得研究者能够对风险做出比较，并且显示出新的软件能够对数据做出更好的评价”，所以答案是A。
65　B　本题考查名词的词义。本句意思解析见上一题。A是“选择”，B是“数据”，C是“方法”，D是“提议”，所以答案是B。