词汇选项
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
1．Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
A．spend B．take C．last D．stand
2．At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A．give B．attach C．understand D．lose
3．His shoes were shined to perfection.
A．cleared B．washed C．mended D．polished
4．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.
A．reported B．hoped C．answered D．admitted
5．We have to act within the existing legal framework.
A．system B．limit C．procedure D．status
6．The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A．effort B．problem C．influence D．concern
7．The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A．relative B．general C．continuous D．sharp
8．They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A．reduced B．turned C．moved D．reformed
9．Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
A．held B．increased C．expected D．offered
10．We need to extract the relevant financial data.
A．obtain B．store C．save D．review
11．The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.
A．choice B．idea C．decision D．reason
12．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
A．investigated B．offered C．included D．accepted
13．Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.
A．saying B．doubting C．thinking D．knowing
14．She always finds fault with everything.
A．simplifies B．criticizes C．evaluates D．examines
15．The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.

A．general B．traditional C．magnificent D．strong

阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Relieving the Pain
“Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,” say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.” The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins（内啡肽）, the body’s “feel-good” chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. “It’s crazy,” says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I’ve just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different- names.”
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi（太极）, self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours’ physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence,” explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment.”
16．To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
The Meaning of Dreams
1　Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.
2　I can see their laughing faces ... laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations（涵义）. On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex（自卑情结）, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
3　I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality（生命力）like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble（蹒跚）or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more terrifying（恐怖的）. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.
4　I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming（强烈的）feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (（恐怖地）real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.
5　The wind is pushing me and I slip. There’s nothing I can do — nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia（恐惧）of losing a job and a livelihood.
23．Paragraph 2 ______
24．Paragraph 3 ______
25．Paragraph 4 ______
26．Paragraph 5 ______

A．Dream of diving into the water
B．Dream of running hard
C．Dream of falling down
D．Dream of flying into the air
E．Dream of being pushed away
F．Dream of climbing trees



27．If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may ________.
28．If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ________.
29．If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ________.
30．If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may ________.

A．be under pressure in everyday life
B．feel tired in real life
C．be afraid of losing his job in real life
D．feel lonely in everyday life
E．feel inferior in reality
F．be afraid of losing control in real life
阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication — having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
31．People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A．they’re cheap.
B．they’re popular
C．they’re useful.
D．they’re convenient.
32．The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A．cured.
B．removed.
C．caused.
D．discovered.
33．The salesman retired young because
A．he disliked using mobile phones.
B． he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.
C． he couldn’t remember simple tasks.
D．his employer’s doctor persuaded him to.
34．On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.
B． hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
C． develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.
D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.
35．The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A．to buy mobile phones.
B． to update regular phones.
C． to stop using mobile phones.
D．to use mobile phones less often.
第二篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment（虐待）
Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence（流行）of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking.
Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5—10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25 —50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse and neglect).
Every year, there are about 31,000 homicide（杀人）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning.
Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair（伤害）the development of the nervous and immune（免疫）systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via（通过）the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.
Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.
A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when one attempts to understand the causes of child maltreatment.
It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs’ crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.
36．International studies reveal that
A．many children have been neglected.
B． child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries.
C． 20% of children have been sexually abused.
D．25 —50% of girls have been physically abused.
37．The word “underestimates” in paragraph 3 means
A．exaggerates.
B． points out.
C． assumes.
D．miscalculates.
38．Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT
A．stress.
B． suicide.
C． heart disease.
D．poor memory.
39．Children are more likely to be maltreated if they
A．cry a lot.
B． are not good-looking.
C． are over 4 years old.
D．are quiet.
40．We can infer from the passage that
A．researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment.
B． more than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every year.
C． many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children.
D．some children are also to blame for maltreatment.
第三篇 Sprained（扭伤）Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments（韧带）a joint are twisted（扭伤）and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells（肿胀）and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:
■ Elevate（抬高）
■ Cool
■ Bandage（打绷带）
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding（流血） to a minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour and then reapply. This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers（引起） more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the ankle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
41．A sprain is caused by
A．ligament fibers of a joint being twisted.
B． blood vessels being hurt in the foot.
C． constantly changing body temperature.
D．elevating one’s ankle.
42．The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
A．bleeding under the skin.
B． pressing one’s ankle.
C． a tight bandage.
D．applying a cold pack.
43．The word “it” in paragraph 2 (line 5) refers to
A．ankle.
B． injury.
C． pressure.
D．swelling.
44．Once the initial cold pack removed, what is to be done?
A．Begin bandaging the ankle.
B． Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes.
C． Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart.
D．Wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes.
45．The main idea of the passage is to explain
A．how a sprain occurs.
B． how to bandage an injured foot.
C． how to treat a sprained ankle.
D．how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Flying into History
When you turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities（名人）are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. _______ (46) Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities, or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnesota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure（诱惑）of flying captured Lindbergh’s imagination. ________ (47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts（空中特技）.
In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. ________ (48)
During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous a- ward to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize was worth$ 25,000 — a large amount even by today’s standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. ________ (49)
On May 20,1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip（简易机场）outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.
When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape（热烈的）parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. ________ (50) A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh—the Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian Institute’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.

A．Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St. Louis, Missouri.
B．Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized（定制的）airplane that could make the journey.
C．He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.
D．Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.
E．His childhood was not full of fond memories.
F．He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Food Safety and Foodborne Illness
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to ______ (51) food safety. These efforts are in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and ______ (52) consumer concerns.
Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic（有毒的）in nature, caused by agents that ______ (53) the body through the ingestion（摄取）of food. Every person is ______ (54) risk of foodborne illnesses.
Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health ______ (55), both in developed and developing countries. The global incidence of foodborne diseases is difficult to ______ (56), but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 8 million people died from diarrhea（腹泻）diseases. A great proportion of these ______ (57) can be attributed to contamination（污染）of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhea is a ______ (58) cause of malnutrition（营养不良）in infants and young children.
In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been ______ (59) to be 10% up to 30%. In the United States of America, for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, resulting ______ (60) 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.
______ (61) less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt（首当其冲）of the problem due to the presence of a wide ______ (62) of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites（寄生虫）. The high prevalence of diarrhea diseases in many developing countries suggests major ______ (63) food safety problems.
In partnership with other stakeholders, WHO is developing ______ (64) that will further promote the safety of food. These policies ______ (65) the entire food chain from production to consumption and will make use of different types of expertise（专长）.
51．A．meet B．improve C．provide D．reach
52．A．following B．careful C．rising D．immediate
53．A．find B．govern C．enter D．push
54．A．with B．for C．at D．in
55．A．interest B．problem C．service D．benefit
56．A．compare B．estimate C．explain D．reduce
57．A．factors B．products C．cases D．countries
58．A．natural B．major C．similar D．just
59．A．imagined B．acknowledged C．considered D．reported
60．A．to B．in C．from D．of
61．A．As B．Since C．Hence D．While
62．A．range B．distance C．order D．arrangement
63．A．prevailing B．spreading C．troubling D．underlying
64．A．policies B．methods C．programs D．systems
65．A．form B．set C．cover D．break
参考答案
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（卫生类B级）
1 D 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 A
6 C 7 C 8 B 9 B 10 A
11 D 12 A 13 A 14 B 15 C
16 B 17 C 18 A 19 B 20 A
21 A 22 B 23 D 24 B 25 C
26 E 27 E 28 A 29 F 30 C
31 A 32 D 33 C 34 B 35 D
36 A 37 D 38 D 39 A 40 B
41 A 42 A 43 A 44 B 45 C
46 D 47 F 48 A 49 B 50 C
51 B 52 C 53 C 54 C 55 B
56 B 57 C 58 B 59 D 60 B
61 D 62 A 63 D 64 A 65 C
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（卫生类B级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．D　题意：简说，她无法忍受这么长时间。
划线词的词义是“忍受，容忍”。A项spend意为花费。例句：You really shouldn’t spend so much effort on it.你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。B项take意为拿，取。例句：Please take the trash to the garbage can.请将垃圾扔到垃圾筒里去。C项last意为持续。例句：The hot weather lasted until September.炎热的天气持续到了九月。D项stand意为站立，忍受，例句：I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on.我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。很明显D项正确。
2．C　题意：当时我们没有理解所发生事情的重要性。
划线词的词义是“抓住；领会，理解”。A项give意为给。例句：Have you given the waiter a tip? 你给侍者小费了吗？B项attach意为附上，加上。例句：I attach a copy of my notes for your information.我附上笔记一份供你参考。C项understand意为理解，领悟。例句：I don’t understand what you’re talking about.我不明白你在说什么。D项lose意为丢失，丧失。例句：I lost my wallet yesterday.我昨天丢了钱包。很明显C项正确。
3．D　题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。
划线词shine(vt.)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮（皮鞋等）”。A项clear意思为澄清；扫除。例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life.每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。B项wash意思为洗。例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag? 我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋么？C项mend意思为修补。例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron.我们要请人修理一下D项polish意思为擦亮；抛光。例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor.孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。很明显D项正确。
4. D　题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词的词义是“承认”。A项report意思为报告。例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.据报道，这次事故有20人死亡。B项hope意思为希望。例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped.事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。C项answer意思为回答。例句：The question is simple enough to answer.这个问题很简单，容易回答。D项admit意思为承认。例句：Of course, part of the challenge is her admitting difficulty with acting in English.当然，一部分挑战是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。很明显D项正确。
5．A　题意：我们必须在现有的法律框架内行事。
划线词framework(n.)的词义是“框架；组织”。A项system意思为体系；组织。例句：The drainage system has been aged.排水系统已经老化了。B项limit意思为界限。例句：That fence is the limit of the schoolyard.那堵墙是校园的界限。C项procedure意思为步骤。例句：The next procedure is to insert the battery接下来的步骤是装进电池。D项status意思为状况。例句：We ask the bank to report on his financial status.我们请银行报告他的财政状况。很明显A项正确。
6．C　题意：高速列车可能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
划线词的词义是“影响”。A项effort意思为努力。例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.他们正尽力减少生产成本。B项problem意思为问题。例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem.我们没有时间仔细思考这个问题。C项influence意思为影响。例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对孩子究竞有什么影响？D项concern意思为关心，挂念。例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced.没有人表示过一点点的关心。很明显C项正确。
7．C　题意：该项研究还表明选学理科课程的大学生数量在持续下降。
划线词的词义是“稳定的，持续的”。A项relative意思为相关的。例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper.老师问了我一些和我的论文有关的问题。B项general意思为总的。例句：I get the general impression that they aren’t very happy.我对他们的总体印象是他们过得并不是很幸福。C项continuous意思为连续的。例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases.大气层是连续的气体层。D项sharp意思为急剧的。例句：The car turned sharp left.那部车向左急转背。很明显C项正确。
8．B　题意：他们把空闲的卧室改成了一间办公室。
划线词convert(vt.）的词义是“转换，改造”。A项reduce意思为减少。例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices.他们正在削价偷偷出售商品。B项turn意思为改变，使改成。例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose.什么也不能使他改变目标。C项move意思为移动。例句：The army is on the move.部队在行进。D项reform意思为改革。例句：Because of his encouragement, she won the best designer by her reformed cheongsam.因为他的鼓励，她以她的改良式旗抱赢得了最佳设计师奖。很明显B项正确。
9．B　题意：在过去的一年，亨利先生快速地抛售了他的股票。
划线词accelerate是一个及物动词（vt,)经查，其词义是“加速”。A项hold意思为拥有。例句：The city is held by the enemy.这座城市已被敌人占领。B项increase意思为增加。例句：Rising prices neutralized increased wages.上涨的物价使增加的工资化为乌有。C项expect意思为预料。例句：The doctor’s fee was higher than we expected.这位先生的收费比我们预料的高。D项offer意思为提供。例句：I offered her a range of opinions.我向她提供了一系列看法。很明显B项正确。
10．A　题意：我们需要获取有关的财政数据。
划线词是一个及物动词，词义是“提取，获取"。A项obtain意思为获得。例句：He failed to obtain a scholarship.他没有获得奖学金。B项store意思为储存。例句：The barn can store five tons of grain.这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。C项save意思为节省。例句：I lent him my bike in order that he could save time.我把自行车借给他，以便他能节省一些时间。D项review意思为复习。例句：Before the examination we have a review of the term’s work.考试之前，我们会复习这一学期的功课。很明显A项正确。
11．D　题意：警方认为谋杀的动机是妒忌。
划线词的词义是“动机，动因”。A项choice意思为选择，挑选。例句：The choice rests entirely with you.这完全由你来选择。B项idea意思为主意，念头。例句：It would be a good idea to go swimming in the pond.到池塘去游泳倒是个好主意。C项decision意思为决定，决议。例句：We can’t reach a decision without our chairman.主席不在场，我们无法作出决定。D项reason意思为原因；动机。例句：That is the reason why I don’t like it.那就是我不喜欢它的原因。很明显D项正确。
12．A　题意：在会上，我们研究了扩建的可能性。
划线词的词义是“调查，研究”。A项investigate意思为调查，研究。例句：The police are investigating the murder.警察正在调查这桩谋杀案。B项offer意思为提供。例句：If she was offered the job, she’d take it.如果给她这个工作，她会接受的。C项include意思为包括。例句：The bill came to $467, tax included.账单总计467美元，含税。D项accept意思为接受。例句I accepted it cheerily.我高兴地接受了。很明显A项正确。
13．A　题意：安德森离开了桌子，同时说道他有些工作要去做。
划线词remark的词义是“说，讲”。A项say意思为说。例句：Be quiet. I’ve something to say to you.安静，我有话要对你们讲。B项doubt意思为怀疑，例句：I doubt the truth of it.我怀疑此事的真实程度。C项think意思为想。例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity.独立思考是绝对必要的。D项know意思为知道。例句：There’s no knowing what they will do.没法知道他们会做些什么。很明显A项正确。
14．B　题意：她总是事事加以非难（挑剔）。
划线部分find fault with的词义是“挑剔，找毛病，批评”。A项simplify意思为简化。例句：That will simplify my task.那会简化了我的工作。B项criticize意思为批评。例句:You should not criticize him so harshly in his face.你不应该当面这么严厉地批评他。C项evaluate意思为评价。例句：Let’s evaluate the evidence.让我们评定一下此证据的价值。D项examine意思为调查；考试。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。很明显B项正确。
15．C　题意：从我的卧室的窗子眺望全都是壮观的场面。
划线词是形容词。该词的词义是“壮观的，场面富丽的”。A项general意思为总的，全面的。例句：I get the general impression that they aren’t very happy.我对他们的总体印象是他们过得并不是很幸福。B项traditional意思为传统的，惯例的。例句：It’s a garden in the traditional Victorian style.这是一个传统的维多利亚风格的花园。C项magnificent意思为宏大的，堂皇的，例句：The museum that we visited is very magnificent.我们参观的博物馆是很宏伟的。D项strong意思为强壮的，有力的。例句：I was surprised to find that the strong man liked to eat conserves.我很惊讶地发现这个强壮的男人喜欢吃蜜饯。很明显C项正确。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．B　题意：为了治疗疼痛，患者应该停止到处活动。
关键词：patients患者；stop moving around停止到处治动
根据文中第1段的第2行患有慢性疼痛的人不应总是躺着，多外出，并要开始锻炼以此判断应选B项，错误。
17．C　题意：头痛部分是因缺乏锻炼所致。
关键词：headaches头痛（caused引起；lack of exercise缺乏锻炼）
根据文中第1段的第5行继头痛和疲乏之后，背痛已成为人们去看医生的第3大原因。除此句中有一“头痛”之外，全文再没有出现。无处查找“头痛"的原因。以此判断选C项。
18．A　题意：锻炼有助于消除痛处的压力。
关键词：exercise锻炼；the pressure压力；the site of pain痛处
根据文中第2段的第2句缺少锻炼会慢慢地降低肌肉的灵活性和强度，结果会更加难于减轻痛处的压力以此可判断A项正确。
19．B　题意：医生经常使用像内啡肽之类的药物给病人治病。
关键词：use drugs使用药物such as endorphins如内啡呔；treat patients治疗病人
根据文中第2段4—5行：“锻炼很重要，它可以产生内啡肽，这是体内‘感觉良好’的化学药剂，是天然的止痛药。”以此判断错误，选B项。
20．A　题意：背痛患者往往不再服用其它更多的药物来止痛。
关键词：backache sufferers背痛患者end up终结；more than one其它更多的
根据文中第3段的3行末至第4行：“随着疼痛的延续，患者不再服用强剂或一系列的不同药物。”以此判断应选A项正确。
21．A　题意：锻炼比传统治疗可使患者康复的更快。
关键词：exercise锻炼；to recover more quickly恢复地更快；traditional treatment传统治疗
根据文章最后1句：“进行这种治疗的患者要比那些接受更为保守治疗的患者能够更早地返回工作岗位和重新开始健康积极的生活。”以此判断应选A项。
22．B　题意：新的疼痛诊所要求病人完全放弃药物治疗。
关键词：new pain clinics新的疼痛诊所；give up drugs completely完全放弃药物治疗
根据文中第4段的第1行：“新一代的疼痛诊所已建立起来，基于的理念是最好避开用药。”以此判断错误，选B项。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．D　第2段的第2行（黑体字）：“…，他们会来到这里与我一起飞翔！”以此判断D项Dream of flying into the air飞入空中的梦，为正确选项。
24．B　第3段的第1句（黑体字）：“我走得很快，可是它依然在我后面。”第2句（黑体字）：“无论走得多快，我就是无法逃脱。”以此判断B项Dream of running hard追赶的梦，为正确选项。
25．C　第4段的第2行和第3行的开头：“…梦者经常站立在高高的、显露的地方，比如塔顶或断崖边缘上。”以此判断C项Dream of falling down跌落的梦，为正确选项。
26．E　第5段的第1句（黑体字）：“风在吹打着我并把我刮倒。”以此判断E项Dream of being pushed away被推开的梦，为正确选项。
27．E　题意：如果梦者在梦中梦到使自己置于他人之上，他可能________。
根据文中第2段的最后一句：“这种梦可能代表着一种自卑情结，梦者企图通过置身于他人之上来得以逃脱（自卑情结）。”以此判断应选E项（感到现实中的身份低下）。
28．A　题意：如果梦者梦到被他人追赶，他可能_________.
根据文中第3段的第1句和第2句（黑体字）：“我走得很快，可是它依然在我的后面。我无论走得多快，我就是无法逃脱。”再看该段的最后1句:“一种可能的解释表明，梦者感受日常生活中的压力。”以此判断应选A项。
29．F　题意：如果梦者梦到在跨越断崖边缘，他可能_________.
根据文中第4段的第2行和第3行：“…梦者经常站立在高高的显露的地方，比如塔顶或断崖边缘，强烈地发生着从忧虑到害怕失去控制的情感变化。”以此判断应选F项。
30．C　题意：如果梦者梦到当众做事失败，他可能_________
根据文中第5段的最后两句：“…当众做事失败，而这些事情又往往是你最擅长的，比如你的工作。不仅使你极其窘迫，而且还表明对失去工作和生计的极度恐供。”以此判断应选C项。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．A　题意：人们因下列原因而买手机，除哪一项之外。
题干中的关键词：buy cell phones买手机；EXCEPT除…之外
我们可在文中第1段的第2行查到B项（在最后1段的第3行查到C项和D项。以此判断A项正确。
32．D　题意：第3段中的“detected”一词可由下列哪一项得到最好的替换。
题干中的关键词：“could be best replaced by由…得到最好的替换”。
带51号词detected的词义是“发觉，发现”。以下4个选项意思分别为：A选项cured治疗；B选项removed移掉；C选项caused引起；D选视discovered发现。很容易看出D项正确。
33．C　题意：年轻的推销员离职了，因为_________
题干中的关键词：“The salesman retired推销员退职了，because因为”。
根据文中第3段的第4行：“一个很年轻的流动推销员因严重地失记而不得不离职。”以此判断C项正确。
34．B　题意：有关手机的安全问题，制造公司_________。
题干中的关键词：“On the safety issue有关安全问题；the manufacturing companies制造公司”，根据文中第4段的最后1句：“手机公司认为，确实有些辐射，但他们说辐射量很小无需担忧”。以此判断B项正确。
35．D　题意：作者写本文的目的是建议人们_________。
题干中的关键词：“The writer’s purpose作者的目的；to advise people建议人们”。
最后1段的第1句：“随着有关安全问题讨论的继续，似乎最好少用手机。”最后1句：“因此，最聪明的做法是少用手机。”以此判断D项正确。
第二篇
36．A　题意：国际研究揭示出_________。
题干中的关键词：“International studies国际研究；reveal揭示。”
根据文中第2段的3—4行：“…国际研究揭示，大约有20%的女性和5—10%的男性称自己在童年遭到性虐待，而所有儿童的25%—50%都称自己曾受到肉体上的虐待。”以此判断应选A项。
37．D　题意：第3段中的“underestimates”意指_________.
题干中的关键词：underestimates，低估，估计不是以下4个选项意思分别为：A选项exaggerates夸张；B选项points out指出；C选项assumes假定，设想；D选项miscalculates弄错，估错。应选D项。
38．D　题意：儿童虐待可能带来以下后果，除_________之外。
题干中的关键词：“Child maltreatment儿童虐待consequences后果；EXCEPT除…之外。”
A项在4段3行；B项在4段最后1行项在4段最后1行前。以此判断应选D项。
39．A　题意：如果儿童……，他们多半会受到虐待。
题干中的关键词：“Children儿童；be maltreated受虐待；if they如果他们。”
根据文中最后1段2—3行和最后1行的2个词：“有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性，如：…不停哭闹…。”以此判断应选A项。
40．B　题意：从本文中我们可以推出……。
题干中的关键词：“infer from从…中推断。”
按A—D逐项回到原文中查读，正确的一项就是选项B（注：其它三项或是错误、或根本查不到）。该题可在3段1行查到，应选B项。
第三篇
41．A　题意：扭伤是由_______引起的。
题干中的关键句：“A sprain扭伤；caused引起。”
根据文中第1段的第2行当关节的韧带扭伤或可能撕裂时，便发生了扭伤。”由此可判断A项正确。
42．A　题意：扭伤处呈现的黑一青色症状是由_________造成的。
题干中的关键词：“The black-and-blue symptom黑一青色症状；due to由于。”
根据文中第1段的第5行：“受伤的部位通常会肿胀，而且会变成黑一青色。”;在第2段的第1行：“韧带一出现受伤，皮下就会出血。”由此可判断A项正确。
43．A　题意：2段5行中的‘it’意指_________.
题干中的关键词：“‘it’ ；paragraph 2(line 5)(2段5行）; refers to意指。”
此类题非常简单容易。‘it’是人称代词，用来代替其前面的单数（表示物的）名词。很明显A项正确。
44．B　题意：一旦拿掉开始用的冰袋，还要做什么？
题干中的关键词：“cold pack冰袋；removed拿掉。”
根据文中第2段倒数第2句：“20分钟后，拿掉冰袋，等30分钟，再重新使用。"以此判断，很明显B项正确。
45．C　题意：本文的主要思想是要解释_________。
题干中的关键词：“The main idea主要思想to explain解释。”
本题根据第1段的最后1句：“…，以下三个词可助你记住如何处置自己（的扭伤踝节）。”以此判断C项正确。
第5部分：补全短文
46．D　句意：八十年前，无线电和电影才刚刚开始对美国人起那种作用。
Eighty years ago（八十年前），从时间顺序来说该句应补入短文中最前面的空白处46。that kind of effect（那种作用），that很重要，说明其前一句应该有effect或role（作用）等词。空白处46的上一句：“虽然媒介和名望在当今生活中起着如此重要的作用，但并不是历来如此。”很明显应补入D项。
47．F　句意：他退了学并搬到了内布拉斯加州，在那里他做了一名飞行员。
He（人称代词，他），说明该句的前一句应该有男人的人名或he, quit school（退学），为什么要退学？肯定有其原因，说明该句的前一句表述的是“退学的原因”。空白处47的前一句：“然而，到了二十岁时，飞行的诱惑引起了林德伯格的妄想。”很明显应补入F项。
48．A　句意：林德伯格利用这一次的额外培训获得了一份航空邮件驾驶员的工作，并飞离了密苏里州的圣•路易斯。
this（指示代词，这），该词（包括that, these, those)非常重要，重点要盯住其后边所修饰的词。this additional training（这一次的额外培训），说明该句的前一句应该有“培训学校或训练班”等词出现，空白处48的前一句他在美国参了军，并首批从飞行训练班毕业”，很明显应补入A项。
49．B　句意：由于参加了加利福尼正州、圣地亚哥航空公司的工作，并得到了圣•路易斯市的财政支助。林德伯格得到了一架定制的飞机，这才能够飞行。customized airplane（定制的飞机），说明其上一句肯定谈到不是有飞机不合要求、就是根本没有飞机。that could make the journey（这才能够飞行），说明其上一句表示的是无法飞行。空白处49的上一句：“……，可是没有任何飞机能够飞行那么远、那么长时间。”很明显应补入B项。
50．C　句意：他还获得了一枚荣誉勋章，这是美国最高的军事勋章。
He（人称代词，他）说明其前1句是男人人名或he。also（还），该词很重要，说明（其后边的谓语动词）与上一句（的谓语动词）有递进关系。Ha also received a Medal of Honor（他还获得了一枚荣誉勋章），此句表明了一个人所获得的成就与荣誉，应将该部分补入文章的最后一个空白处。空白处50的上一句：“当林德伯格返回美国时，骑着马的他受到了为庆祝他的成就而举行的盛大欢迎”。很明显应补入C项。
第6部分：完形填空
51．B　句意：世界各国政府都在努力加强管理，提高食品安全性。
文中“…are intensifying their efforts to( 正在竭尽全力为）”和“food safety（食品安全）’’，很明显应选B项improve増进，改善。A项meet满足；C项provide提供和D项reach达到，都不符合要求。
52．C　句意：这些努力主要是对越来越多的食品安全问题以及消费者越来越多的担忧作出的反应。
文中“consumer concerns（消费者的担忧）”，很明显，应选C项rising上升的，增加的。A项following下列的；B项careful仔细的；D项immediate立即的，均不符合要求。
53．C　句意：食源性疾病……是致病因子通过人们摄入体内的食物所引起的一种疾病。
从空白处的语法结构看：左边的that是关系代词，用于引导定语从句，修饰agents（致病因子），而且that作主语；右边的the body（人体）作宾语。应选C项enter进入。 A项find发现；B项govern控制和D项put推动，都不适合。
54．C　句意：每个人都有得食源性疾病的危险。
文中的risk of冒着…的危险；at all risks=at any(whatever)risk无论冒什么危险，无论如何，等等。 A项with带有；B项for为了和D项in在…里，都不符合要求。
55．B　句意：无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，食源性疾病都是一种普遍存在的公共健康问题。
文中“…growing public health(…不断增加的公共健康）”，很明显应选B项problem问题。A项interest趣味；C项service服务和D项benefit利益，均不符合要求。
56．B　句意：食源性疾病在全球的发病率很难估计。
文中“The global incidence…is difficult to（全球的发病率很难……）”很明显应选B项estimate估计。A项compare比较；C项explain解释和D项reduce减少，都不符合要求。
57．C　句意：大部分这种病例可归因于食物和饮用水的污染。
文中“800万人死于腹泻”和“A great proportion of these（大部分这种）”，很明显应该选C项cases病例。A项factors因素；B项products产品和D项countries国家，都不合乎要求。
58．B　句意：此外，腹泻是幼儿和儿童营养不良的一大主因。
文中“….diarrhea（腹泻）”和“cause of malnutrition（营养不良的原因）”，很明显应选B项major主要的。A项natural自然的；C项similar类似的和D项just公正的；适当的，都不合乎要求。
59．D　句意：据报道，在工业化国家，每年患有食源性疾病的人口比例从10%到30%不等。文中“ ... the percentage…has been(……比例被……)”和“to be 10% up to 30%（从10%到30%)”，很明显应选D项reported报道。A项imagined想象，推测；B项acknowledged承认，供认和C项considered考虑，均不合乎要求。
60．B　句意：以美国为例，每年大约有7,600万食源性疾病患者，结果造成325,000住院治疗，5,000例死亡。
文中有resulting可提示我们应选B项in。result in是一个固定搭配，意思是“导致，造成”。A项to和D项of通常不与result搭配，而C项的from却常与result搭配，意思是“由……产生”。
61．D　句意：虽然文献资料还不多，但发展中国家是各处食源性疾病……首当其冲的受害者。
根据文中“less well documented”文献资料不多和“developing countries bear the brunt... ”发展中国家却……首当其冲……，可判断该句有轻微的转折让步之意。A项As因为；B项Since自从，C项Hence因此，是副词，与此处语法结构不符合；D项While虽然，尽管。根据4个选项的意思，判断D项为正确答案。
62．A　句意：……，由于广泛存在有食源性疾病，……。
文中有a wide，右边有of，可提示我们应选A项range区域，范围。a wide range of（范围广泛的）大量使用。B项distance距离，C项order命令和D项arrangement安排，都不合适。
63．D　句意：许多发展中国家的腹泻疾病发病率很高，这就说明了潜在的严重食品安全问题。
文中“...suggests major( 表明了主要的）”和“food safety problems（食品安全问题）”再对照4个选项：A．prevailing盛行的，显着的；B．spreading扩大的，广大的；C．troubling有难处的；D．underlying潜在的。很明显D项最为适合。
64．A　句意：世界卫生组织正在制定能进一步提高食品安全的政策。
文中“…WHO is developing(……世界卫生组织正在制定）”，再参照4个选项：A．policies政策；B．methods方法；C．programs程序；D项systems体系，很明显（大型的国际机构制定的应该是政策）应选A项policies政策。
65．C　句意：这些政策涵盖了从生产到消费整个食品链。
文中“These policies（这些政策）”和右边：“the entire food chain（整个食品链），很明显应选C项cover涵盖。A项form形成；结成；B项set放置；D项break打破，都不适合。