词汇选项
1．She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A．passed by B．took a notice of C．woke up D．found by chance
2．It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A．right B．obvious C．unclear D．unbelievable
3．He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A．taught B．kept C．changed D．attracted
4．She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A．worried B．offensive C．sleepy D．anxious
5．I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A．about B．at C．with D．from
6．These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A．explore B．travel C．inhabit D．prefer
7．There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A．different B．strange C．wrong D．funny
8．Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A．repaired B．cleared C．fixed D．booked
9．As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A．express B．divide C．voice D．influence
10．He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A．withhold B．understand C．exchange D．contact
11．The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A．general B．inflexible C．complex D．direct
12．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A．send B．hear C．confirm D．spread
13．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A．shut B．set C．beat D．break
14．The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A．cautious B．naked C．blind D．private
15．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A．shorten B．start C．end D．resume

阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Promising Results from Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patients’ own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the body’s immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.
16．The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Over forty people participated in the study.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．All the patients were from Dallas.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．The vaccine activates the immune system.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Organic Food: Why?
1　Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.
2　Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertiliser are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting food.
3　Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health
4　The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.
5　The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins. As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops.”

23．Paragraph 1 ______
24．Paragraph 2 ______
25．Paragraph 3 ______
26．Paragraph 4 ______

A．Research into whether organic food is better
B．Description of organic farming
C．Factors that affect food health value
D．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food
E．Main reason for the popularity of organic food
F．Testing the taste of organic food

27．Techniques of organic farming help _________.
28．There is no convincing evidence to _________.
29．The weather conditions during the growth of crops _________.
30．The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to _________.


A．affect their nutritional content
B．be specially trained
C．improve soil quality
D．be eaten
E．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones
F．poison you
阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The World’s Best-Selling Medicine
Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid（水杨酸）. This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.
In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father’s pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.
At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.
By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!
31．Why didn’t the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?
A．It didn’t work well.
B．It hurt the stomach.
C．It was hard to make.
D．It was not cost-effective.
32．Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?
A．His company told him to do that.
B．His father was in pain.
C．He wanted to make a lot of money.
D．He suffered from headache.
33．Bayer started making aspirin because
A．it worked well in stopping pain.
B．it helped prevent heart attacks.
C．other companies were making it.
D．the manager was a scientist.
34．Bayer aspirin was
A．the only drug with the name “aspirin”.
B．not sold in drugstores in 1915.
C．the first aspirin sold in the United States.
D．not easy to find in drugstores.
35．What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?
A．Its new use has been discovered.
B．Companies have stopped selling it.
C．It has become the best-selling painkiller.
D．Doctors have sold it to patients.
第二篇 “Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning
In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3, 500 adults who had never had cancer.
After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.
36．Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck?
A．People who drink alcohol outside of meals.
B．People who drink alcohol at meals.
C．People who never drink alcohol.
D．People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs.
37．Which of the following is NOT the research finding about “drinking with meals”?
A．It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food.
B．It may be a cause of cancer.
C．It increases by 20 percent the risk of cancer in all the four sites.
D．It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
38．How many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per week?
A．20．B．21．C．34．D．56.
39．Which of the four cancers has the lowest risk?
A．Oral cancer.
B．Laryngeal cancer.
C．Pharyngeal cancer.
D．Esophageal cancer.
40．According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol
A．explains why inflammation triggers cancer.
B．accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues.
C．is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues.
D．reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.
第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers（獾）. The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly（谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious（凶恶的）. Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey（猎物）. The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity — or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seem to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41．Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A．To find where honey badgers live.
B．To observe how honey badgers behave.
C．To catch some honey badgers for food.
D．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42．What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B．They are always looking for food.
C．They do not enjoy human company.
D．It is common for them to attack people.
43．What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A．There were some creatures they did not eat.
B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
D．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44．Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A．They don’t run very quickly.
B．They hunt over a very large area.
C．They defend their territory from other badgers.
D．They are more aggressive than females
45．What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A．They lost interest in people.
B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
C．They started eating more.
D．Other animals started working with them.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. __________ (47) Many crops withered and died, despite growers’ attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________ (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
__________ (49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane. __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A．Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
B．Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s genetic code.
C．One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D’Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.
D．The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
E．Sugar cane was now much vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
F．Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise ______ (51) health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise ______ (52) involves play and recreation（娱乐）, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so ______ (53), is not only pleasant but beneficial.
How much and what kind of exercise one should ______ (54) merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill（兴奋）with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the ______ (55) of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is ______ (56) vital importance.
Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to ______ (57). Individual variability is too great to permit generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly（愚蠢）for another. The safe ______ (58) for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the ______ (59) of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will ______ (60) as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the ______ (61) of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept ______ (62) the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should ______ (63) depends upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous ______ (64). Walking, swimming and skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely ______ (65) in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.
51．A．damages B．enjoys C．improves D．provides
52．A．which B．where C．when D．why
53．A．playing B．making C．treating D．doing
54．A．develop B．take C．go D．use
55．A．place B．position C．point D．part
56．A．to B．below C．on D．of
57．A．answer B．raise C．beg D．discuss
58．A．approach B．limit C．distance D．period
59．A．variation B．method C．type D．process
60．A．refer B．regard C．serve D．treat
61．A．condition B．size C．shape D．attack
62．A．above B．against C．beside D．below
63．A．endure B．choose C．study D．produce
64．A．activities B．efforts C．jobs D．lives
65．A．compete B．get C．give D．participate
参考答案
2013年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（卫生类B级）
1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 D
6 D 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 D
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 D
16 B 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 B
21 A 22 A 23 B 24 F 25 D
26 A 27 C 28 E 29 A 30 D
31 C 32 D 33 B 34 B 35 A
36 C 37 C 38 D 39 B 40 C
41 A 42 A 43 B 44 D 45 B
46 D 47 B 48 A 49 F 50 C
51 D 52 A 53 A 54 D 55 A
56 C 57 B 58 D 59 D 60 C
61 C 62 A 63 B 64 A 65 C
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2013年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（卫生类B级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．关于他经济问题的谣言开始传播。circulate 和spread都有传播，流传的意思。
2．两公司之间的合同很快会终结。expire终结，结束的意思，和end同义词。
3．关于她是否适合这个职位，我知之甚少。as regards关于的意思，所以选about.
4．她喝醉后容易冒犯人。aggressive，offensive好斗的，侵略的。
5．他被这家公司开出的高薪所吸引。tempt吸引，诱惑的意思。所以这题选attract(吸引)这个选项。
6．作为一个政治家，他知道如何控制影响公众意见。manipulate意思是操纵，控制，影响。这句话的意思是政治家知道如何对公众的意见施加影响，因此答案选择influence.
7．这些动物每年都南迁寻找食物。migrate意思是迁徙，从一个地方到另一个地方，跟选项中travel意思相近。
8．这些规定太死板，不允许人犯错误。rigid严格的，死板的，inflexible也是顽固的，不知变通的意思。
9．他笑的方式有些奇怪。peculiar是奇怪的，怪异的意思，跟strange意思相近。
10．快出来，不然我破门而入。bust down/break down毁坏。
11．警察得谨慎看管这一带城镇。wary谨慎的，机警的。cautious谨慎的，十分小心的。
12．她偶然碰到三个小孩睡在桥下。come across偶然发现，偶然碰到，而最后一个答案found by chance也是偶然发现的意思。
13．确保桌子被牢固地固定。anchor在这里的意思是固定，跟fix意思相同。
14．他停了一下，等她消化理解他说的信息。digest意思是消化理解的意思，所以答案选择understand。
15．他去那已经一周了，这看起来有些让人难以置信。incredible 和unbelievable意思是令人难以置信的。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．B　题意：该疫苗治愈了参加试验的所有患者。
文章第一段最后一句话cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others意思是有些患者被治愈了，有些是病情得到缓解，由此可判断题干叙述错误。故本题选B。
17．A　题意：超过四十人参加了这个试验。
根据文章第二段第二句 Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. 可知参加实验的有43人，所以题干叙述正确，故本题选A。
18．B　题意：试验中，处于癌症早期的患者恢复的更快。
根据文章第二段最后两句 In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness. 可知，癌症晚期的患者注射疫苗后有很大变化，癌症早期的没有多大起色，所以题干叙述错误，故本题选B。
19．C　题意：所有患者都来自达拉斯。
文章只提到疫苗是达拉斯一所大学的医疗中心研究出来的，没有提到患者来自哪里。所以答案选C。
20．B　题意：每个患者注射的都是一样的疫苗。
从第三段的前两句话This new vaccine uses the patients’ own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg可以知道每支疫苗都是根据患者的免疫系统研究出来的，所以疫苗是不同的，因此答案选择B。
21．A　题意：疫苗激活了免疫系统。
由第三段的这句话It stimulates the body’s immune system可以判断题干正确。
22．A　题意：疫苗可能能够在治疗其他癌症上发挥作用。
根据文章第一段 When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study 和第四段最后一句 Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance可知，题干叙述正确，故本题选A。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．B　文章第一段讲了有机食物在欧洲很受欢迎，接着说明了受欢迎的原因是因为sounds “more natural”。故B项“Main reason for the popularity of organic food”(有机食物受欢迎的主要原因)正确，故本题选B。
24．F　文章第二段通过和conventional farming对比，描述了organic farming的特点，指出了它的优势和劣势。所以F项“Description of organic farming”（有机农业的描述）作为本段标题合适，故本题选F。
25．D　文章第三段开头前两句Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. 中提到了对“为什么有机食物更安全”的研究，所以D项Research into whether organic food is better（对有机食物为什么更好的研究）符合本段内容。故本题选D。
26．A　文章第四段主要讲不同事物的健康价值受不同因素的影响，如食物的新鲜程度，烹饪方式，成长的土壤等等，所以A. Factors that affect food health value（影响事物健康的因素）能够概括本段的意思。
27．C　题意：有机农业技术帮助……。
根据文章第二段第一句话Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality 可知，有机农业技术如轮流耕作可以改善土壤质量，故本题选C.
28．E　题意：没有确信的证据证明……。
根据文章第三段最后一句话Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health可得知没有令人很信服的证据证明有机食物更加健康，所以E show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones为正确选项。
29．A　题意：农作物生长时的天气状况会影响……。
根据文章第四段第二句话可知，农作物生长时阳光以及雨水都会影响其健康价值。故A项affect their nutritional content（影响营养成分）符合题意。
30．D　题意：一个植物越接近其自然状态，它越不适合……。
根据文章最后一段专家的话“People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you.可知食物越天然，人吃后越有可能中毒。故本题选D. be eaten，意思是越不适合食用。有的同学也看懂句子了，但是选成了B. poison you，但是要注意前面是the less suitable。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇：
31．C　文章第一个句子就是答案，就餐意外的时间饮酒几率最大。
32．D　第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌几率增加了20%，而不是就餐饮酒的情况。所以D是正确答案。其他三项均在文中直接或间接提到。
33． B　第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯,所以答案选择B。
34．B　文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词in contrast连接的两个句子。in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精消费量最大的一组，患其他三种癌症的几率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的机率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
35．A　文章最后一句提供了答案。
第二篇：
36．C　题意：为什么法国科学家不继续制作止痛药？
文中第一段最后一句However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.由这句话可以看出这位科学家配制的药物很难制作，所以没有继续。因此答案选C。
37．C　题意：为什么Felix Hoffmann寻找止痛药？
根据第二段第二句话gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain可以知道Felix Hoffmann制作止痛药的目的是为了给他年迈的父亲止痛，故选C。
38．D　题意：为什么Bayer开始生产阿司匹林？
文中第三段He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well.通过这句话我们可以知道Hoffmann把他的止痛药展示给他的公司，公司经理发现很管用，把这个药命名为阿司匹林，并开始生产。故选D。
39．B　题意：阿司匹林……。
答案在第五段可以找到，In the United States, Bayer had a patent on the drug在美国，Bayer公司制作的阿司匹林拥有了专利权，所以它肯定是第一批在美国销售的阿司匹林。不过后来专利有效期一过，其他公司也能生产这个药物，所以可以排除选项A。阿司匹林在1915年可以在药店买到，所以答案C错误。阿司匹林可以在药店卖，而且很便宜，所以D答案排除。
40．C　题意：新的止痛药上市后阿司匹林发生了什么？
最后一段Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people.医生发现服用阿司匹林的患者发生心脏病的几率比其他人低。found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks.而且也有研究人员发现了阿司匹林帮助防止心脏病的原因。所以答案选择C.
第三篇：
41．A　本题问的是为什么野生物学家去Kalahari 沙漠？根据文章第一段第三句话…Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour 可知他们的目的是为了研究獾的行为习性。故选A。
42．A　本题问的是关于蜜獾，Kitso Khama说了什么？根据文章第二段第一句“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says可知，獾对于新事物有天然的好奇心，故选A。
43．B　本题问的是关于蜜獾，这个小组发现了什么？这一题在文中第三段可以找到答案，The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey .可知在之前研究者认为獾通过猎物获取所有的水分需求，而这一次他们发现獾很喜欢当地的瓜类，可能是因为瓜含有很多的水分。第三段还提到蜜獾会吃掉所有它们能够捕猎到的动物，连毒蛇都不例外，所以答案AC排除。该小组还发现蜜獾偶尔还会组织一个松散的家庭，因此D选项也可以排除。因此答案选B。
44．D　本题问的是下面哪一个是雄性獾的典型特征？文章第四段第一句话就提到雄獾在很短的时间内跑很远的距离，所以选项A可以排除，选项D 正确。根据they seem happy to share these territories with other males这句话也可以排除B。male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other 这句话是指雄性獾之间好斗，但没有提到雌性獾，所以C选项也可以排除。
45．B　本题问的是蜜獾习惯周围有人的时候会怎样？根据文章最后一段第一句话As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity可以判断，当蜜獾习惯周围有人的时候，它们就对人不再好奇，人就可以接近他们。without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity这个很重要，curiosity好奇心的意思，所以答案选B。
第5部分：补全短文
46．D　句意：现在世界上大部分糖都是产自这个特殊的商业作物。
选项前面一个句子提到了Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world甘蔗成为了一种极具价值的商业作物，在全世界种植。前文提到甘蔗是商业作物，D选项也提到商业作物。前文说甘蔗广泛种植，D选项提到广泛种植的结果就是生产了世界上大部分的糖，前后因果关系以及关键字吻合，故选D。
47．B　句意：然而不幸的是该植物开始变弱，容易得病。
47这个空很好选，47前面的内容是说对糖的需求增加，后面却说植物枯萎并死掉。所以所填内容是个转折，正好B选项提到甘蔗这个植物容易得病，跟后面内容想符，所以选择B。
48．A　句意：最终，一种商业甘蔗被培养出来，比之前的甜度增加5%，而且比之前的作物要壮，发病的可能性小。
选项前面的内容是说科学家寻找方法让甘蔗这个植物更壮，抗病能力更强，并进行实验，将不同植物基因进行混合。选项后面却说这种甘蔗植物目前还不准备用作商业用途，所以选项里面的内容应该是新的品种已经培养出来了。所以选择A选项。
49．F　句意：自20世纪60年代起，科学家们就一直在研究甘蔗基因代码的奥秘。
这个空位于段首，应该是这个段落的主题句，而后面又举一个例子，肯定是为了说明论证前面的内容，所以就要看后面这个例子说明了什么，通过to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure可以知道科学家们是为了发现了解更多的基因结构，跟F选项里面的关键词及内容吻合，故选F。
50．C　句意：一个主要的基因已经由Dr. Angelique D’Hont及其团队鉴别出来。
这个空的后面说道This gene is particularly exciting（这个基因尤其令人兴奋），说明这个基因的发现有重要意义，C选项里面说One major gene has been identified，前后内容相符，故选C。
第6部分：完形填空
51．D　定期锻炼身体对身体健康有什么影响呢，答案显而易见是improve，定期锻炼会改善身体健康。其他选项显然不符题意。
52．A　从语法上分析，主句主语exercise的谓语应该是is not only pleasant but beneficial，中间显然应该是一个定语从句，定语从句所缺少的是主语，故应选A。
53．A　这里是说做运动带来的好处，根据四个选项可知，这里的词应该是跟exercise搭配，所以只能选择doing，do exercise意思是做运动，锻炼。
54．D　从语法上分析，one should+动词应该是前面那个主语的定语从句，只是定语从句的宾语which/that被省略了，而四个选项中只有take可与exercise搭配，故应选D。
55．A　回答这一道题，首先要知道point这个词，既可表达时间（“时刻”）或空间（“地点”）也可表达“程度”的意思，to the point of正是“达到……的地步/程度”的意思，符合上下文要求。
56．C　本句中is后面应该是表语部分，四个选项中只有of合适，of importance=important, of vital importance=very, very important。
57．B　question是个先行词，后面跟的是定语从句，省略了which is,问题应该是很难回答，其他选项不符合语境。这句话意思是特定的年龄段运动量多大才安全是个很难回答的问题。
58．D　每个人运动量的界限因人而异，这里只有limit符合上下文意思。意思是每个人运动量多少是根据人的身体状况等决定的，因此safe limit也是各不相同。
59．D　每个人的运动量取决于心脏以及肌肉状况，运动的类型等等。运动的类型不同，safe limit也就不一样。因此选择type.
60．C　虽然四个选项都可以与as连用，但用法和意义各有不同，refer to sb./sth. as把……说成……; regard sb./sth. as把……当成……; treat sb./sth. as把……当成……；均不符合上下文的要求，只有serve as（“充当……，作为……”）才在语法上和意义上恰当。
61．C　锻炼身体要考虑到身体的状况，其中包括心脏以及肌肉状况，这一点在前面的段落中出现过，所以选项肯定是condition of the heart。
62．A　这句话是给锻炼身体的人的另一条建议，锻炼身体应该保持在身体精疲力竭这个point的上还是下，这个很明显选择below，身体锻炼不要是身体过度劳累，这样会适得其反。
63．B　四个选项中A、C、D三个选项的意思与上下文相去甚远，只有B项合适。one should choose是用来做前面主语的定语从句，在定语从句中省略了宾语that/which。
64．A　这句话是说年轻人可以放心地参加一些比较激烈的运动，而老年人则要参加一些不那么激烈的活动。这里只有activities比较合适。
65．C　participate和in连用，意为“参加”，participate in sports\activities意思是参加运动，参加活动。