词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

1．I can’t put up with my neighbor’s noise any longer; it’s driving me mad.
A．measure B．generate C．tolerate D．reduce
2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.
A．equal B．moderate C．immediate D．great
3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
A．bad B．bright C．unclear D．general
4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education.
A．good B．special C．private D．general
5．Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
A．danger B．case C．picture D．evidence
6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.
A．doubt B．relief C．confusion D．failure
7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.
A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise
8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.
A．physical B．energetic C．regular D．free
9．I enjoyed the play — it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous
10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.
A．spend B．require C．encourage D．attract
11．He demolished my argument in minutes.
A．disputed B．accepted C．disproved D．supported
12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
A．combine B．close C．break D．sell
13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
14．The project required ten years of diligent research.
A．hardworking B．basic C．social D．scientific
15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
A．critical B．necessary C．normal D．terrible
阅读判断

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites, which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sunlight during daytime and when skies are clear.
But space, based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If you’re talking about it being economically viable for power of the Earth, it’s a tough go,” he says.
Cal Boerman, Solaren’s director of energy services, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. “We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design,” he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system’s weight, including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating, says Schwartz. “You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you’re now concentrating a lot of energy in one place,” he says. According to the company’s patent, Solaren’s solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. “To meet those needs, we’re going to need all types of renewable energy sources,” he says.
16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．One advantage of the space-based solar power system is that it is economical.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Inflatable mirrors are used to reduce the weight of the space-based solar power system.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of space-based solar power soon.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Natural Gas
1　Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth’s surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃料）meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2　The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U.S., and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.
3　Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water vapor — the same substances emitted when humans breathe. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）— making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all.
4　The United States consumes about one-third of the world’s natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5　There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth’s surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.

23．Paragraph 2 ______
24．Paragraph 3 ______
25．Paragraph 4 ______
26．Paragraph 5 ______
A．Clean fuel of choice
B．Natural gas prices
C．Natural gas consumption
D．Popularity and use of natural gas
E．Disadvantages of natural gas
F．Natural gas reserves and supply

27．Natural gas is stored deep __________.
28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source __________.
29．When manufacturing many different products, people commonly use natural gas __________.
30．It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United States will increase __________.

A．over the past 50 years
B．beneath the earth’s surface
C．by more than 50 percent
D．for more than four decades
E．as a raw material
F．for home energy needs


阅读理解
第一篇 How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence
Researchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang（宇宙大爆炸）about 13 billion years ago, and that soon after that event, matter began to form as small dust grains and gases. How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years, but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence.
The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today, and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U. S. incorporated these conditions of the early universe, sometimes referred to as the “cosmic dark ages,” to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.
The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar（原恒星）— the early stage of a massive primordial（原始的）star of our universe — and the researchers’ computer simulation sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process. The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being.
According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gases, and the mysterious “dark matter” of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star — a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun. The simulation reveals how pre-stellar（前恒星）gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar. Dr. Yoshida’s simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing（合成）heavy elements, not just in later generations of stars, but soon after the Big Bang.
Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universe. More powerful computers, more physical data, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation — when a stellar（星球的）object becomes a true star.
31．According to the first two paragraphs, the early universe
A．was governed by simpler physics.
B．got fewer stars shinning in it.
C．started over 13 billion years ago.
D．was composed in a way similar to that of today.
32．What does the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?
A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago.
B．How “cosmic dark ages” came into existence.
C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang.
D．How the first stars came into being after the Big Bang.
33．The phrase “an astronomical object” in paragraph 2 refers to
A．cosmic dark ages.
B．dust and gas.
C．a protostar.
D．the early universe.
34．According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT true about a protostar?
A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang.
B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases.
C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star.
D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun.
35．According to the last paragraph, all of the following are the goals of the simulation project EXCEPT
A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe.
B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began.
C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation.
D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar.

第二篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I. since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might lie her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C．, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman a- bout the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41．The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B．the melted ice made him visible.
C．he was lying on the ice.
D．he was just on a mountain pass.
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working.
B．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C．The Iceman lived a poor life.
D．The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43．All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I.
B．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father.
C．he was born about a thousand years ago.
D．he came from Italy.
44．The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle.
B．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C．had got a wound on the back of his head.
D．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45．The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could he best replaced by
A．soldiers.
B．hunters.
C．shooters.
D．robbers.

第三篇 Scientists Make Sweet Discovery
Good news for chocoholics: the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids（类黄酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate once in a while may contribute to a healthy diet. Chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins（内啡肽）in the body: these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy? The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans, in about 1500 B.C. and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened cocoa hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe. The word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl word xocolali, which means “bitter water”.
In 1544, a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift. Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal. The Spanish were the first to add sugar to their Cocoa drink. In the 17th century, chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-classes, not only as a drink but also as a medicine.
By the middle of the century, solid chocolate was becoming familiar. In 1753, a Swedish scientist renamed cocoa theobroma or “food for the gods”. In 1765, James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States, introducing chocolate to the average citizen. In 1876, in Switzerland, Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate. Making process and produced the first milk chocolate.
Since then, chocolate has grown enormously in popularity. One of the biggest chocolate-eating nations is Britain where the average man, woman, and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year! In fact, chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more “chocoholics” in Britain than anywhere else in the world. Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you, it should be eaten in small quantities — and with no added milk.
41．Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?
A．It reduces pain and stress.
B．It contains substances called flavonoids.
C．It releases endorphins in human body.
D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart.
42．When cocoa was first introduced into Europe, it soon became fashionable
A．as a drink.
B．as a gift.
C．as food.
D．as a medicine.
43．What did James Baker and John Hanan do about chocolate?
A．They produced the first milk chocolate.
B．They introduced chocolate to Europe.
C．They added sugar to make chocolate bars.
D．They made chocolate accessible to the average man.
44．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy.
B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk.
C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet.
D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide.
45．What is the author’s tone about eating chocolate?
A．Ambiguous.
B．Negative.
C．Positive.
D．Humorous.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。 I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. __________ (46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. __________ (47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）, who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an “emotion”. __________ (48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from “afraid” to “wanting”.
Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. __________ (49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone’s face. “It was really clear when the actors had got it right,” says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD．“Although they were given some direction,” says Ms Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. __________ (50) For example, when someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called “action units”. These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
B．These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.
C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by “1 feel” or “he looks” or “she sounds".
E．He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture.
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
完形填空

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Obtaining Drinking Water Tram Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too dry. But the air contains water, and research scientists have found a __________ (51) of obtaining drinking water from air humidity.
“The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources __________ (52) thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic（光电的）cells, __________(53) makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will__________(54) function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure（基础设施）,” says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the __________(55) is as follows: hygroscopic(（吸湿的）brine（盐水）— saline（含盐的）solution which absorbs moisture—runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked __________ (56) a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails. Energy from solar collectors __________ (57) up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has __________ (58).
Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under __________ (59) Atmospheric pressure. The evaporated（蒸发的）, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column __________ (60) produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated brine __________ (61) down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
“The concept is suitable for various water __________ (62). Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,” says Egner. Prototypes have been built for __________ (63) system components air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation — and the research scientists have already __________ (64) their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further __________ (65) the researchers in-tend to develop a demonstration facility.
51．A．road B．channel C．way D．path
52．A．in spite of B．because of C．as a result of D．such as
53．A．who B．where C．when D．which
54．A．meanwhile B．therefore C．however D．still
55．A．prospect B．process C．progress D．product
56．A．from B．at C．above D．into
57．A．keeps B．brings C．Breaks D．heats
58．A．attracted B．affected C．allowed D．absorbed
59．A．normal B．Different C．easy D．available
60．A．continuously B．suddenly C．typically D．seriously
61．A．takes B．puts C．flies D．runs
62．A．users B．designers C．owners D．workers
63．A．both B．every C．same D．either
64．A．repaired B．cancelled C．tested D．copied
65．A．instrument B．step C．case D．ground
参考答案
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（理工类A级）
1 C 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 A
6 C 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C
11 C 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 D
16 A 17 C 18 B 19 B 20 A
21 B 22 C 23 D 24 A 25 C
26 F 27 B 28 F 29 E 30 C
31 A 32 D 33 C 34 A 35 B
36 B 37 B 38 D 39 A 40 D
41 B 42 A 43 D 44 B 45 C
46 E 47 A 48 D 49 F 50 B
51 C 52 D 53 D 54 B 55 B
56 D 57 D 58 D 59 A 60 A
61 D 62 A 63 A 64 C 65 B
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（理工类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．C　译文：我再也不能忍受邻居的噪声，它让我发疯。
划线词为动词，意思是“忍受”，与C项tolerate（忍受，容忍）意思相近，又如：We cannot tolerate such waste.我们不能容忍这种浪费现象。A项意为“估量”，例：It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.没有见过他的作品，很难估计他的能力。B项意为“生产，导致”，例：This book will continue to generate excitement for a long time.这本书将在很长一段时间里继续使人们为之激动。D项意为“减少”，例：He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减少我们房子的租金。
2．D　译文：社工的定期看望对独居的老年人来说意义重大。
划线词为形容词，意思是“极大的”，与D项great（巨大的）意思相近，又如：That great tree takes away all the light.那棵大树把光线全给遮住了。A项意为“平等的”，例：All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前人人平等。B项意为“中等的，适度的”，例：He has a room of moderate size.他有一个大小适中的房间。C项意为“立刻的”，例：This matter is immediate, we must do it now.这事刻不容缓，我们必须现在做。
3．C　译文：他对于自己为什么没有完成学业的原因相当不清楚。
划线词为形容词，意思是“模糊的，不清楚的”，与C项unclear（含糊的，不清楚的）为同义词，又如：I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.我愿意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。 A项意为“坏的”，例：He speaks bad English.他说的英语很差劲。B项意为“聪明的”，例：A bright boy learns quickly.聪明的孩子学得快。D项意为“普遍的”，例：Your answer is too general.你的答案太笼统了。
4．A　译文：我想给儿子们提供良好的教育。
划线词为形容词，意思是“体面的，相当好的”，和A项good（好的）意思相近，又如：Exercise is good for health.运动有益于健康。B项意为“特别的，专门的”，例：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特定场合，否则他从不喝酒。C项意为“私人的，秘密的”，例：The President is paying a private visit to Europe.总统正在对欧洲进行私人访问。D项意为“普遍的，总体的”，例：The general opinion is in favour of us.舆论对我们有利。
5．A　译文：陡峭的楼梯对老年人来说很危险。
划线词为名句，意思是“危险”，与A项danger（危险）为同义词，又如：In case of danger，raise the electric alarm.如果有危险，就拉响电动警报器。B项意为“事例”，例：Could you give us a concrete case? 你能给我们举个具体事例吗？ C项意为“图片”，例：All the pictures should be faced forward.所有的图片都应朝前摆。D项意为“证据”，例：The room bore evidence of a struggle.房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。
6．C　译文：我们的安排完全被打乱了。
划线词为名词，意思是“混乱”，与C项confusion（混乱）为同义词，又如：His unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion.他的突然来访使我们完全不知所措。A项意为“怀疑，疑虑”，例：There is no room for doubt.没有怀疑的余地。B项意为“缓解，减轻，解除”，例：This medicine will give you some relief.这药会为你减轻一些痛苦。D项意为“失败”，例；Failure teaches success.失败是成功之母
7．A　译文：帕特丽夏不满地盯着其他女孩。
划线词为名词，意思是“怨恨”，与A项anger（怒气）意思相近，又如：She is swift to anger.她爱生气。B项意为“怀疑”，例：The outcome of the election remains in doubt.选举的结果仍然不能肯定。C项意为“爱”，例：My mother’s love for me was very great.母亲对我的爱是很深的。D项念为“吃惊”，例：To my surprise, he refused to cooperate with us.令我吃惊的是，他拒绝与我们合作。
8．B　译文：你的狗每天至少需要20分钟充沛的运动。
划线词为形容词，意思是“精力充沛的”，与B项energetic（精力充沛的，有活力的）为同义词，又如： He is constitutionally energetic.他体质强健，精力充沛。A项意为“身体的"，例：Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。C项意为“有规律的”，例：He leads a regular life.他过着有规律的生活。D项意为“自由的”，例：Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
9．D　译文：我喜欢这部戏剧——它情节巧妙，对话幽默。
划线词为形容词，意思是“滑稽的，有趣的，可笑的”，与D项humorous（滑稽的，富有幽默感的）为同义词，又如：Tom is very humorous.汤姆很幽默。A项意为“长的”，例：The distance between us is long.我们之间的距离很远。B项意为“无趣的，单调的，乏味的”，例：It is a boring job.这是一件乏味的工作。C项意为“起初的，原来的”，例：We should follow the original plan.我们应该遵循原来的计划。
10．C　译文：低税收会刺激投资并有助于经济增长。
划线词为动句，意思是“刺激，鞭策”，与C项encourage（激励，鼓励）意思相近，又如：Teachers often encourage class participation.教师常鼓励学生积极参与。A项意为“花费”，例：He has spent all his money.他把所有的钱都花光了。 B项意为“要求”，例：The occasion requires formal dress.这场合要求穿礼服。D项意为“吸引”，例：The panda attracted many children.那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。
11．C　译文：他几分钟之内就推翻了我的论据。
划线词为动词，意思是“推翻”，与C项disproved（反驳）意思相近，又如：This discovery disproved the idea that the world was flat.这个发现推翻了地球是平的这一看法。A项意为“争论”，例：Some husbands and wives are always disputing.有些夫妇总是争吵。B项意为“接受”，例：If you accept, please let me know.如果你接受的话，请通知我。D项意为“支持，支撑”，例：Walls support the roof.墙支撑着屋顶。
12．A　译文：这两家银行宜布了明年合并的计划。
划线词为动词，意思是“合并”，与A项combine（联合）意思相近，又如：We should combine punishment with leniency.我们应该将严厉对待和宽大处理相结合。B项意为“关闭”，例：The door won’t close.这门关不上。C项意为“打破"，例：Glass breaks easily.玻璃易碎。D项意为“卖”，例：Merchants buy and sell.商人买进卖出。
13．A　译文：她的父亲温文尔雅。
划线词为形容词，意思是“典雅的，文雅的”，与A项polite（礼貌的，有教养的）意思相近，又如：He’s always so polite to people.他对人总是非常有礼貌。B项意为“相似的”，例：My view is similar to yours.我的看法与你的相似。C项意为“通常的”，例：It’s usual to have a holiday in summer.夏天休假是惯例。D项意为“不好的”，例：Reading in a dim light is bad for the eyes.在暗淡的光线下看书有损视力。
14．A　译文：这个项目需要10年勤奋的研究。
划线词为形容词，意思是“勤奋的”，与A项hardworking（刻苦的，努力的）意思相近，又如：Chinese people are hardworking.中因人民是勤劳的。B项意为“基本的”，例：The basic requirement is to be on time.最基本的要求就是要准时。C项意为“社会的，交际的”，例：We should attend the social activities as much as possible.我们应该多参加社交活动。D项意为“科学的”，例：The theory is scientific.这个理论是科学的。
15．D　译文：他被因禁在环境恶劣的监狱中。
划线词为形容词，意思是“骇人听闻的，极糟的”，与D项terrible（可怕的）意思相近，又如：This is terrible! 这太可怕了！ A项意为“关键性的，批判的”，例：It is at the critical moment.到了关键的时刻了。B项意为“必要的”，例：It is necessary to get up earlier.早起床是必要的。C项意为“正常的，标准的”，例：It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A　句意：太阳能卫星将利用无线电波把能量从太空中发射回来。
关键词是beam down。依据此关键词，可在文中第一段第一句找到相关叙述：Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.（从太空中获取能量的设想距现实更近了一步，因为加州为太平洋天然气电力公司从2016年开始购买200兆瓦由太阳能卫星反射回来的能量的合约开了绿灯。）由此可知太阳能卫星将利用无线电波把能量从太空中发射回来，故此题为“正确”的。
17．C　句意：Solaren公司计划设计200颗太阳能卫星。
关键词是Solaren和design…satellites。依据此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites( —家名为Solaren的新公司正在设计卫星），由此可知Solaren公司确实正在设计卫星，但文中并没提到是否会设计200颗太阳能卫星，故此题为“未提及”的。
18．B　句意：基于太空的太阳能电池只有在天气晴朗的条件下才可以收集太阳能。
关键词是collect solar。依据此关键词，可在文中第三段的第一句找到相关叙述：The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous orbit.（在与地球同步轨道上收集太阳能几乎是不被阻断的）由此可知基于太空的太阳能电池不是只在天气晴朗的条件下才可以收集太阳能，故此题为“错误”的。
19．B　句意：基于太空的太阳能系统的一个优势是其经济性。
关键词是spaced-based solar power。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：But space-based solar power must grapple with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space（但是基于太空的太阳能必须努力克服向太空发射器材时每公里产生的高成本），故此题为“错误”的。
20．A　句意：充气镜面被用于减轻基于太空的太阳能系统的重量。
关键词是inflatable mirrors。依据此关键词，可在文中第五段的最后一句找到相关叙述：…ways to reduce the system’s weight, including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight on solar cells（用于减轻系统重量的方法包括使用充气镜面使阳光集中于太阳能板），故此题为“正确”的。
21．B　句意：基于大空的太阳能将排挤其他形式的可再生能源。
关键词是renewable energy。依据此关键词，可在文中最后一段第一句中找到相关叙述：it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy（并不希望排挤其他形式的可再生能源），因为rule out（把……排除在外）与crowd out（排挤）意思相近，但crowd out用于否定句中，而rule out用于肯定句中，故此题为“错误”的。
22．C　句意：不久许多国家将准许使用基于太空的太阳能。
通读全文，文章中虽然提到加利福尼亚准许使用基于太空的太阳能，但并未提到其他国家的做法，故此题为“未提及”的。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．D　文章第二段第一句是主题句，意为：随着管道设施的安装，对于全世界的数以百万计的住宅、商业和工业用户来说，天然气的运送变得既方便又实惠，所以在过去的50多年里，天然气的普及和应用急剧增加。D项Popularity and use of natural gas（天然气的普及与应用）与主题句意思相符，故选D。
24．A　文章第三段第一句是主题句，意为：天然气是可利用的最安全和最清洁的燃料之一。 A项Clean fuel of choice（可选择的清洁燃料）与主题句意思相符，故选A。
25．C　文章第四段主要讲美国是世界上最大的天然气消费国，并且预计到2025年，天然气的需求将会增加50%多。C项Natural gas consumption（天然气的消费）符合本段主题，故选C。
26．F　文章第五段主要讲天然气的地下储备很丰富以及液化天然气的供应与进口情况。F项Natural gas reserves and supply（天然气的储备与供应）符合本段主题，故选F。
27．B　题意：天然气储存于地表深处。
文章第一段第一句指出，天然气出产于地表极深处。B项beneath the earth’s surface（地表深处）与原句意思相符，故选B。
28．F　题意：天然气被认为是家庭能源需求中最经济的能源。
文章第二段第四句指出，实际上，天然气是家庭能源需求中最经济的能源，是电能的三分之一。F项for home energy needs（家庭能源需求）与原句意思相符，故选F。
29．E　题意：人们在生产许多不同的产品时，通常都是以天然气作为原料。
文章第二段倒数第二句指出，除了家庭取暖外，在美国大部分天然气被作为原材料来生产多种产品，从涂料到服装纤维，到应用于保健、计算机和室内装饰的塑料。E项as a raw material作为原料）与原句意思相符，故选E。
30．C　题意：预计到2025年美国天然气需求将增长50%多。
文章第四段最后一句指出，据美国能源信息部预测，到2025年天然气需求将上升50%多。C项by more than 50 percent（50%多）与原句意思相符，故选F。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．A　题意：依据文章前两段，早期的宇宙是被较简单的物理学知识所控制。
短文第二段第一句提到“早期的宇宙构成和今天的有所不同，那些控制早期宇宙的物理学知识也在某种程度上比较简单”，故选A。
32．D　题意：最先进的电脑模拟可以告诉我们什么？最初的星体是如何在第一次宇宙大爆炸后形成的。
短文第一段最后一句提到“最初的星体是怎样从这灰尘和气体中形成的一直是一个吸引人的问题，现在一种最先进的电脑模拟系统可以提供宇宙中最初的星体是如何产生的最详细的图片”，故选D。
33．C　题意：短文第二段中的短语“an astronomical object”指的是原恒星。
短文第二段最后一句提到“模拟最终在夜空中闪耀的天体的形成过程”。第三段第一句提到“这一研究的结果是对原恒星—宇宙中巨大的原始星体的形成的详细描述”。这两句话相互照应，故选C。
34．A　题意：依据第四段，下面关于原恒星的说法哪个不正确？它在宇宙大爆炸中成为一个巨大的星球。
短文第四段第一句提到“根据研究人员的模拟系统，重力对物质、气体及宇宙大爆炸后形成的神秘的“黑暗物质”的密度的微小变化产生了影响，从而形成了星体的雏形—仅有太阳1%大的原恒星”，因此可以推断出A项与之不符，故选A。
35．B　题意：依据最后一段，下面除了模拟宇宙最初开始的过程外其余都是这一模拟项目的目标。
短文最后一段提到了这个模拟项目的目标包括原恒星的形成，了解更多宇宙中最初的星体的质量和性质的知识以及将这个模拟结果用于核反应初期，由此可知，并未提及“模拟早期宇宙的形成过程”，故选B。
第二篇
36．B　题意：冰人的尸体在山脉里被发现主要是因为融化的冰能够让他可见。
文中第一段最后两句指出“这个高度的冰通常是不会化的，但是由于1991年尤其暖和，山上的冰比原来化的要多，所以尸体就露出来了”，故选B。
37．B　题意：从文中第二段可以推断出：冰人可能是死于头部受伤。
根据第二段第一句对冰人的描述：“他面朝下，除了头部的一个伤口，整个骨架的状况完好”，因此可推出他可能是死于头部的伤，故选B。
38．D　题意：下面除了他来自意大利这个猜测，其他的都是关于冰人的猜测。
文中第三段是对冰人来历的猜测。有人认为他是一战的士兵；一个瑞士女人坚信冰人是她二十年前死在这些山里没找到尸体的父亲；科学家们认为他大概有一千年的历史了，故选D。
39．A　题意：科学家们得出结论：冰人当时可能是在进行战争。
文中第四段谈到通过X光检查出在他的肩膀处有个箭头，就是这个东西让他受了内伤并且流血，从而死掉，这说明他当时极有可能是处在一场战争中，故选A。
40．D　题意：第四段中“bandits”能被“robbers”代替。
第四段谈到冰人当时也许正处于一场很大的战争中，或者是与强盗的交战中，甚至他本人就是可能是强盗。robbers意为“抢劫者”，与bandits意思相近，故选D。
第三篇
41．B.　题意：为什么巧克力对于心脏和血液循环有好处呢？因它含有一种名为类黄酮的物质。
短文第一段第二句提到“巧克力中含有一种叫类黄酮的物质，它能维护心脏的健康并促进血液循环”，故选B。
42．A.　题意：可可最初被引进到欧洲时，很快就成为时尚饮品。
短文第三段提到“1544年，一个玛雅贵族代表团觐见西班牙国王菲利普时送给他一罐可可粉作为礼物。很快，可可粉便在西班牙和葡萄牙流行起来。西班牙人最早在他们的可可饮料里加糖”，由此可知，可可最初被引进到欧洲时，很快就成为时尚饮品，故选A。
43．D.　题意：James Baker和John Hanan对巧克力做了什么？他们使平民也可以接触到巧克力。
短文第四段第三句提到“1765年，James Baker和John Hanan在美国开办了第一家巧克力制造厂，将巧克力介绍给普通民众”，故选D。
44．B　题意：依据文章，以下哪个说法是不正确的？食用加入牛奶的巧克力有益于健康。
短文最后一段最后一句提到“研究者们警告：虽然巧克力对我们有好处，但应该少量食用而且不应加牛奶”，故选B。
45．C　题意：作者对食用巧克力的态度是怎样的？积极的。
短文从一开始就介绍巧克力的功用和益处，以及其发展历史等等，虽然也提及巧克力的弊端，但不是其本身的问题，是使用方法的缘故。因此总的来看作者是对其持肯定态度的，故选C。
第5部分：补全短文
46．E　句意：他说这些感觉的表情是普遍的，能够被任何人，任何文化所认知的。
根据前文中提到了达尔文把表情分为六个类型这种说法，可以推知后面应该会进一步对他的观点进行阐释，故选E。
47．A　句意：我们曾试着努力描述各种情感，但是为此制定一个清晰的规则几乎是不可能的。
根据前文中提到的越来越多的脸部表情在全世界都被共享，所以后面可以推知，既然被全世界共享，那么就可以努力地描述各种情感了。但是为了做到这一点去制定一个规则又是不可能的，所以谈到了后面的DVD阅读表情的方法，故选A。
48．D　句意：他们决定精神状态可以发生在“我感觉”或“他看起来”或“她听起来”之后。
前一句谈到了教授和他的研究团队第一次不得不定义情感，后面又谈到了用这些定义取得了什么成果。故中间那句话应该是给情感下定义，故选D。
49．F　句意：任何其他展示这412种情感的方法，例如词语，是远远没有这个效果好的。
这句话后面谈到了用语言表达情感是很困难的，因此是对前面的解释，故选F。
50．B　句意：这些特殊的肌肉是很难控制的，很少有人能做的这一点。
前面说到这些演员并没有被告知要如何活动脸部肌肉，所以后面应该会解释他们没有被告知的原因，故选B。
第6部分：完形填空
51．C　根据文章题目，介绍的是如何从空气中获得饮用水的事，因此这里应该介绍的是具体的“方法”，故选C。
52．D　根据上下文，“我们开发的这套工序完全基于诸如太阳能收集器和光生伏打电池的可再生能源。”故选D。
53．D　此句是非限制性定语从句.thermal solar and photovoltaic cells是表示事物的先行词，在句中作主语，故选D。
54．B　根据上下文，“这使得该方法在能量方面完全自主，所以在没有电力基础设施的地方仍可发挥作用。”故选B。
55．B　根据下文可知，这句应该是对具体取水方法“过程”的介绍，故选B。
56．D　根据动词absorb“吸收”和suck“吮吸”，还有下文提示要把水存入箱中，可以判断方向应该是向内的，故选D。
57．D　根据上下文，“来自于太阳能收集器的能量将盐水加热，这样盐水就会被它所吸收的水稀释。”故选D。
58．D　此句是一个非限定性定语从句，通过上下文可知，这种盐水是通过“吸收”外部水分后被稀释的，故选D。
59．A　此句是说，“在真空环境下，液体的沸点要比在正常大气压下的低。”因为涉及气压比较，应该是以“通常”气压为基准，故选A。
60．A　文章中的取水方法应该是一个持续的过程，先是用盐来吸收水分，然后利用太阳能的热使其蒸发注入水箱中，利用水的重力下降产生真空泵的作用，故选A。
61．D　根据上文内容，由于真空作用，再次结晶的盐将“跑”到塔的表面，再次开始吸收水分，故选D。
62．A　根据下句中的single-person units和hotels是吸湿制水机的用户，因此可以判断应该是“使用者”，故选A。
63．A　根据下文中提及的两个事物，因此可以判断是“两者”，故选A。
64．C　根据上下文，此处应该用“测试”，科研人员己经在实验室范围内测试了它们的相互作用的效果故选C。
65．B　根据上下文可知，此句是说，“在下一步的研究中，科学家们会开发出一套用于展示的设备。”故选B。