Alan Turing himself always sought to play down any such comparison, which in his view was irrelevant to the essential thesis that the brain could be regarded as a discrete state machine.

图灵本人并不看好这种轻率的类比，他认为这与"大脑可以视为离散状态的机器"是无关的。

Thus in the 1948 report for the NPL he had written:"We could produce fairly accurate electrical models to copy the behaviour of nerves, but there seems very little point in doing so."

1948年，在他写给国家物理实验室的报告中，他写道：“我们可以制造精确的电子模型，来复制神经元的行为，但我不认为这样做有什么必要。”

"It would be rather like putting a lot of work into cars which walked on legs instead of continuing to use wheels."

“汽车用轮子可以跑得很好，为什么非要给它安上腿。”

The Mersenne prime problem was a highly artificial, if ingenious, application of the growing Manchester computer.

曼彻斯特机所做的梅森素数问题，是一个人为设定的问题，

Only from the autumn of 1949 could it be applied to 'regular' problems.

这台机器实际上直到1949年秋天，才开始应用到常规的问题上。

Besides those of Alan Turing himself, as later described, it was used for optical calculations, tracing rays through systems of lenses, and for some mathematical work in connection with guided missiles.

除了图灵自己的那些问题之外，它还用于光学计算、追踪透镜系统中的射线，以及与导弹有关的一些数学问题。

X-ray measurements give only the amplitudes of the different frequency components in the diffracted X-rays, and not the phases.

通过X射线测定，只能得到各个频率成分的振幅，而无法得到相位。

The analysis depends upon guessing the phases, the criterion of a correct guess being that when the amplitudes and phases are put together,

因此必须要把相位推导出来。正确相位的标准是，当把它与振幅结合起来时，

they lead to a picture of the crystal which is in accord with physical reality, with the right number of atoms and a positive electron density.

能够得出与实际情况吻合的晶体状态，包括准确的原子数量和电子密度。

This is exactly the same idea as guessing a key, given a piece of cipher-text: the criterion of a correct guess being that it give a sensible message.

这与推导密钥是完全一样的过程，对于一个密文来说，正确推导的标准，就是能够从中密文中得出合理的信息。