Every major city in the world – well, the good ones at least – have at least one museum. These popular tourist destinations house widely diverse and interesting collections and they are a celebration of education , history and culture. The following institutions attract a staggering 53.8 million visitors a year and are globally recognised as outstanding places of learning.
全世界的各个主要城市——至少是比较繁华的那一些——都拥有至少一座博物馆。这些博物馆作为热门的旅游目的地都各有千秋，它们是集教育、历史、文化为一体的饕餮盛宴。令人难以置信的是，下面这些博物馆每年能够吸引多达5380万的游客，被誉为学习的殿堂。

10.Musee d'Orsay, France
10.法国奥赛博物馆

The Musee d'Orsay is situated on the left bank of the River Seine in Paris, France, and it was officially opened in 1986. Originally constructed in 1900 as a railway station, Gare D'Orsay soon became unsuitable for the larger trains which were being used for mainline service in 1939. The station was originally planned for demolition before being granted a reprieve and being commissioned for renovation in 1974. Today, the museum holds mostly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, and it includes paintings, sculptures, furniture and photography. It houses the largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist art pieces in the world, with an extensive collection by Monet, Manet, Seurat, and Van Gogh. The museum annually attracts around 3.6 million visitors per year and has on display over 2,000 paintings and 600 sculptures and other works.
奥赛博物馆位于法国巴黎塞纳河的左岸，于1986年正式开馆。最初于1900年建立时，奥赛站还是一个火车站。但从1939年开始，大型火车开始普遍使用，奥德赛站无法适应这样的改变。这座火车站本来计划拆毁，但是后来暂缓执行，直到1974年被翻修后，又重新投入使用。如今，这座博物馆保存了法国1848年到1915年大部分艺术藏品，包括画作、雕塑、家具以及摄影作品。此外它是世界上拥有最多印象派、后印象派艺术家作品的博物馆，这些艺术家包括包括莫奈、马奈、修拉以及梵高。这座博物馆每年吸引360万游者参观，展出超过2000幅画、600件雕塑以及其他展品。

9.Centre Georges Pompidou, France
9.法国乔治庞比度中心

As one would expect, President Georges Pompidou commissioned this museum which was officially opened in 1977. The centre is split between being a public library and a national art museum, and its design (courtesy of Italian and British architects) was met with some pretty polarising views. One critic commented that it was 'France's own monster, like the one in Loch Ness' and another called it 'love at second sight'. The centre has 5 million visitors – 3.8 million of which are from the museum – and it has several major exhibitions organised each year to keep attendance high. In 2013, it was home to a retrospective Dali display which saw over 7,300 visitors per day – a new record. Currently, the centre has plans to expand through Europe, Asia and Central and South America.
正如名字所示，这个博物馆由乔治·庞比度总统授命建立，并在1977年正式开馆。这个艺术中心被分为两部分：公共图书馆和国家艺术博物馆，由意大利和英国的建筑家共同设计，但人们对于这种风格却褒贬不一。一个评论家说这个艺术中心就是“法国自产的怪物，犹如尼斯湖水怪”，但另一个却说“多看几眼，你就会爱上她”。这个中心有500万参观者，其中380万是为了博物馆而来。博物馆每年会组织各种各样的主题展览，以保证参观人数。2013年，它组织了一个回顾西班牙画家达利作品的展览，当时每天有7300人参观，突破了记录。现在，这个艺术中心计划在欧洲、亚洲、中南美州进行扩展。

8.National Gallery of Art, North America
8.美国国家美术馆，美国北部

The National Gallery of Art (along with its sculptural garden) is situated in Washington DC. First opening in 1937, the museum is open to the public and free of charge. Andrew W. Mellon, an American banker, industrialist and art collector, donated a substantial art collection and funds for its construction. The gallery specialises in paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, medals and prints which date from the Middle Ages to the present. Amongst its most spectacular pieces are the largest mobile ever constructed by Calder and Da Vinci's only painting in the Americas. In 1941, the Gallery began its prints collection with 400 donated by private collectors. Between 1943 and 1949, this collection grew rapidly with an additional 22,000 pieces donated by Lessing Rosenwald. Today, it has more than 75,000 prints and continues to add new pieces annually. The National Gallery has around 4.2 million visitors per year and it is the United States second most popular museum.
美国国家美术馆（及其雕塑厅）位于美国首都华盛顿—哥伦比亚特区。自1937年开馆， 一直对外免费开放。成就此美术馆的当属安德鲁·威廉·梅隆，他是一位银行家，实业家和艺术品收藏家，为美术馆捐献了大量个人珍藏的艺术品且辅以资金支持。该美术馆收藏了中世纪至今的油画，素描，摄影，奖章和版画作品，最负盛名的展品当是由卡尔德制作的最大手机和达·芬奇留在美国的唯一一幅画作《吉内夫拉·德本奇像》。后于 1941年，该美术馆在私人收藏家们捐赠的400幅绘画作品支持下更着力于画作收藏工作。1943年至1949年，收藏品数量大幅增加，期间包括莱辛·罗森沃尔德捐赠的22000件藏品。如今，它已有75000多件画作且每年都会收藏新的作品。国家美术馆的参观人数每年约为420万人，这样让它成为美国第二大受欢迎的博物馆。

7.National Palace Museum, Taipei
7.国立故宫博物馆，台北

The National Palace Museum is situated in Taipei, Taiwan. It has a permanent collection of over 1 million pieces of Ancient Chinese artifacts, treasures, inventions and priceless artifacts – making it the largest collection of its kind in the entire world. The collection spans over 15,000 years of history; from the Neolithic age, to the Qing Dynasty, right up into the modern era. The majority of the collection once belonged to the Chinese Emperors and it first began construction in 1964. However, the museum was unable to accommodate its vast collection of 600,000 artifacts and faced repeated renovation and expansion in 1967, 1970, 1984 and 1996. In 2002, a $21 million revamp meant that the museum was partially closed for five years to make it more modern and spacious. Only 1% of the collection is on display at a given time, whilst the rest remains stored in temperature controlled vaults. With continuous rotation of its artifacts, the museum attracts 5.4 million viewers per year.
国立故宫博物馆位于台湾的台北。它有超过一百万件关于中国古代艺术的永久收藏品——它们包括各式珍宝，发明创造和价值连城的工艺品。而这些艺术品使它成为了世界上拥有最多中国古代艺术品的博物馆。它始建于1964年，其收藏品横跨了一万五千多年的历史，从新石器时代到清朝，又跃至当今社会，其中大部分收藏品出自中国历代君王的珍藏。然而，它却难以容纳六十多万件数量如此庞大的艺术品群，以至于在1967，1970，1984和1996年进行过多次的整修和扩建。在2002年，台北投入了2100万美元，并关闭了部分展馆，耗费了五年时间对它进行了一次大整修，以使它更加现代化，宽敞明亮。如今只有百分之一的艺术品同时进行展览，其余藏品则暂时保存在温度恒定的保管库中。轮换的展览品可为博物院每年吸引近540万参观者。

6.Vatican Museums, Italy
6.梵蒂冈博物馆，意大利

Pope Julius II founded the Vatican Museums within the city's boundaries in the early 16th century. Today, they display works from the exceptionally extensive collection built up by the many Popes throughout the centuries, and this includes some of the most important pieces of Renaissance era art in the world. There are 54 galleries in total, with the most well known being the Sistine Chapel. On the last Sunday of each month, the museum opens for free and it is a common sight to see people lining up to queue for many hours. This has helped contribute to its enormous popularity, seeing upwards of 5 million visitors annually.
在16世纪早期，教皇尤利乌斯二世在梵蒂冈这个城市的边缘建造了梵蒂冈博物馆。如今，它陈列着几个世纪以来教皇们绝无仅有的大量藏品，甚至包括文艺复兴时期部分最为重要的作品。该馆共有54个展览馆，其中便有最为声名远扬的西斯廷教堂。博物馆只在每月的最后一个周日免费开放，最常见的景象就是人们为了进馆排起长龙，等上好几个小时。这种收费制度吸引了庞大的参观人群，每年至少五亿参观者慕名而来。

审校：大洋彼岸的一条鱼 编辑：凯珊 来源：前十网