The Republic of China
中华民国
Second Revolution
二次革命
In April, Yuan secured the Reorganization Loan of twenty-five million pound sterling from Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany and Japan, without consulting the parliament first.
1913年4月，袁世凯在没有与议会讨论的情况下，向英、法、俄、德、日五国筹措了二千五百万英镑的“善后大借款”。
The loan was used to finance Yuan’s Beiyang Army.
这笔借款用于扩充北洋军费。
On May 20, Yuan concluded a deal with Russia that recognized special Russian privilege in Outer Mongolia and restricted Chinese right to station troops there.
5月20日，袁世凯与俄罗斯达成了协议，承认俄在外蒙古的特权，并限制中国驻军权。
Kuomintang members of the Parliament accused Yuan of abusing his rights and called for his removal.
议会中的国民党成员指责袁世凯滥用权力，要求他辞职。
On the other hand, the Progressive Party（进步党）, which was composed of constitutional monarchists and supported Yuan, accused the Kuomintang of fomenting an insurrection.
另一方面，由君主立宪主义者和袁世凯的支持者组成的进步党，指责国民党煽动起义。
Yuan then decided to use military action against the Kuomintang.
袁世凯因此决定对国民党采取军事行动。
In July of 1913 seven southern provinces rebelled against Yuan, thus began the Second Revolution(二次革命）.
1913年7月，南方7省起义反抗袁世凯统治，掀开了二次革命的序幕。
There were several underlying reasons for the Second Revolution besides Yuan’s abuse of power.
除了袁世凯滥用权力外，还有一些潜在的原因导致了二次革命。
First was that many Revolutionary Armies from different provinces were disbanded after the establishment of the Republic of China, and many officers and soldiers felt that they were not compensated for toppling the Qing Dynasty.
第一是各省革命军在民国成立后被解散，很多军官和士兵觉得自己并未得到推翻清政府的好处。
Thus, there was much discontent against the new government among the military.
因此，军中对于新政府有很多不满。
Secondly, many revolutionaries felt that Yuan Shikai and Li Yuan-hong were undeserving of the posts of presidency and vice presidency, because they acquired the posts through political maneuvers, rather than participation in the revolutionary movement.
第二是许多革命者觉得袁世凯和黎元洪作为总统和副总统不够格，他们通过政治手段获得职位，而非参与革命。
And lastly, Yuan’s use of violence (such as Song’s assassination), dashed Kuomintang’s hope of achieving reforms and political goals through electoral means.
最后一点是袁世凯对于暴力的极端使用，例如暗杀宋教仁，粉碎了国民党通过选举实现改革和政治目的的希望。

However, the Second Revolution did not fare well for the Kuomintang.
然而，国民党领导的二次革命并不成功。
The leading Kuomintang military force of Jiangxi was defeated by Yuan’s forces on August 1 and Nanchang was taken.
8月1日，江西的国民党军被袁世凯军击败，南昌失守。
On September 1, Nanjing was taken.
9月1日，南京失守。
When the rebellion was suppressed, Sun and other instigators fled to Japan.
起义失败后，孙中山和其他组织者逃往日本。