Hybrid Rice
杂交水稻
Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, China has made one after another outstanding achievements in agriculture technology, one of which is the successful development of indica hybrid rice. With the application of this technology since 1976, China's total rice cultivation lands have grown such rice, which added rice output by some 240 billion kilograms up till 1994.What’s more, this technology was exported to other countries.
新中国成立以来，中国在农业科技上的一项举世瞩目的成就是籼型杂交水稻的育成。这项技术自1976年在全国大面积推广以后，仅至1994年，就已使中国的稻谷累计增产达2400亿公斤。此外，该技术还被出口到美国等国家和地区。
The research of indica hybrid began in 1964, when a teacher from Hunan Province, Yuan Longping first put forward the idea of utilizing the heterosis in rice and initiated the research on hybrid rice in China. At the beginning, he discovered male-sterile rice. Then he brought forward the third hybriding paddy and carried out experiments on farmland. Yuan Longping made breakthrough in 1973. He was the first person to develop indica hybrid rice. The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974 and 1975, and then extended to other areas. China became the first country that is capable of producing hybrid rice. Yuan Long-ping is the first scientist who successfully altered the self-pollinating characteristic of rice and realized large-scale farming of hybrid rice. This earned him the title "Farther of Hybrid Rice". The achievements of Yuan Longping greatly solved the food shortage, and provided as a solution the worldwide starvation. It is regarded as the fifth invention after China's Four Major Inventions, and is acclaimed as the Second Green Revolution.
杂交水稻的研究始于1964年。当时任职于湖南省安江农校的袁隆平最先发现了水稻天然雄性不育株，便带领助手们开展了有关研究。他首先发现了雄性不育株，以后又率先提出了通过培育水稻三系进行杂交的设想，并进行了田间实验。1973年终于获得突破性进展，在世界上第一个育成强优势灿型杂交水稻，1974至1975年在中国南方多处试种效果良好，1976年后开始大面积推广。从此，中国成为世界上第一个实现利用水稻杂交优势的国家。袁隆平也被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。他的成果不仅在很大程度上解决了中国人的吃饭问题，而且也被认为是解决世界性饥饿问题的法宝。国际上甚至把杂交稻当作中国继四大发明之后的第五大发明，誉为“第二次绿色革命”。