5.Hypersomnia
5.嗜睡
Hypersomnia is a very rare sleep disorder that is said to only affect 200 people in the world today. The disorder is made up of periods of severe sleepiness. These periods of sleep can last for up to 18 hours a day and can go on for days and even weeks. It is said though, that only about 10 attacks occur per year. Before a person is hit with a hypersomnia attack, there are usually flu like symptoms present and a long-lasting headache. The attack itself can cause a person to gain weight and sweat profusely. Kleine-Levin Syndrome is marked by hypersomnia with odd behavior during the attacks, such as binge eating, aggression, confusion, hallucinations, and hypersexuality. There is also Menstrual-Related Hypersomnia which is said to be caused by hormonal imbalances.
嗜睡是一种睡眠障碍，目前全球仅有200名患者。这种睡眠障碍是指一段时间内有着严重的睡意。睡意来袭时可持续长达18小时，甚至数天、数星期。但是，患者一年大概只会发作10次。在嗜睡症发作之前，患者通常会有流感和持续性头疼的症状。嗜睡症一旦发作会使人增重并且大量出汗。克莱恩-莱文综合症的特征就是患者在嗜睡症发作期间行为异常，比如暴饮暴食、具有攻击性、意识模糊、出现幻觉和性欲亢进。另外，也有嗜睡症是由女性经期荷尔蒙失调造成的。

4.REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)
4.快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍

REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is classified under the sleep disorder category of parasomnia. A parasomnia is when undesired events occur while sleeping. This disorder is said to cause people to act out extremely vivid dream while sleeping. RBD is usually confused with sleepwalking, sleep terrors, as well as sleep-talking. A lot of the time these dreams are full of action and sometimes violent. RBD is marked by swearing, shouting, flailing, kicking, and doing actions as if someone is fighting. If not treated, RBD can get worse and more violent. The disorder is mainly seen in men that are suffering from multiple system atrophy or Parkinson's.
快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍（RBD）被归为深睡眠状态下的一种睡眠障碍。深睡眠状态下，我们最容易梦到一些不愉快的事件。该种睡眠障碍的患者在逼真的梦境中最容易发病。人们常把这种睡眠障碍与梦游、惊醒、梦呓相混淆。这几种情形的相似之处在于梦境里人们常会做出各种动作，甚至偶尔有暴力动作。但今天所说的这种睡眠障碍以咒骂、大喊大叫、摇摇欲坠、踢脚、以及做一些类似和人打架的动作为标志。如果不治疗，患者病情会愈发严重。这种障碍通常见于多系统萎缩的病人和帕金森病人。

3.Exploding Head Syndrome
3.爆炸头综合征

Exploding head syndrome is another parasomnia that causes the person to hear a loud noise just before falling asleep. Though it sounds like something you'd see in a movie, the disorder is real and often occurs while waking up in the middle of the night. Many times the sound reflects the sound of a bomb exploding or a loud banging noise. These sounds cause a lot of distress and often disturb sleep. Not many cases of this disorder are reported, but patients as young as 10 have been diagnosed with it.
爆炸头综合征是另一种异睡症，其症状为：患者常会在入睡前听到一声巨响。尽管这听起来像是发生于电影中的情节，但这种障碍是真实存在的，该病经常出现在半夜醒来时。患者常在夜间醒来时听到类似炸弹爆炸的声音或者巨大的砰砰声。这些声音会造成很大的困扰，经常影响睡眠。这种障碍症的实例报道不是很多，根据过往报道，该病患者中有年仅10岁的儿童。

2.Sleep paralysis
2.睡眠瘫痪症

Sleep paralysis is marked by the ability to not move the body when falling asleep or when waking up from sleeping. When sleeping, the body experiences atonia, which is when the body is told to relax and be still. However, in sleep paralysis, atonia occurs when waking up or when falling asleep, instead of during sleep. In some cases people cannot move or even speak, but they are fully aware of what is going on. Sleep paralysis can last for several minutes, but usually goes away on its own. Some believe that the problem is common; saying that up to 40% of the population experiences the disorder. The good news is it isn't harmful and certain actions can sometimes help reduce or eliminate sleep paralysis.
睡眠瘫痪症的症状是患者在刚入睡或是将醒未醒时，肢体无法动弹。人在睡眠期间，身体会处于一种张力极低的状态，这种状态常常发生于人体放松且保持静止的时候。但是在患有睡眠瘫痪症的情况下，身体的这种低张力状态不是出现在睡眠中，而是出现在即将醒来或者刚刚入睡的时候。在某些情况下，即使人们在意识上清楚地知道周围发生的一切，身体却动弹不得，也发不出声音。所幸的是，这种睡眠瘫痪在持续了几分钟之后，通常会自己慢慢消失。一些人认为，这样的情况很常见，他们声称，多达40%的人有过这种经历。好在这个问题对人体健康并无不良影响，采取一些治疗手段就可以减轻甚至完全消除这种症状。

1.Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome
1.非24小时睡眠-觉醒综合症

Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome is one of the rarest sleep disorders doctors have ever come across. As humans we have a circadian rhythm that is said to roughly correlate with the 24 hours in a day. Of course there are variances from person to person, but usually people have a circadian rhythm of about 24-25 hours. However, people with this disorder do not have stable "body clocks." Instead the rhythm becomes delayed and set on 26 hours or longer. Some people even have 72 hour cycles as a regular daily pattern. Someone with a 72 hour cycle would be awake for 48 hours, and those with a 26 hour cycle will usually be awake for about 16. Generally people with the disorder sleep for about 2 hours longer compared to a normal wake time. Those who are blind often suffer from Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome.
非24小时睡眠-觉醒综合症是医生们遇到过的最罕见的睡眠障碍之一。据说我们人类有一种生理节律，大致与一天中的24小时紧密相关。当然了，这个节律也是因人而异，但通常情况下人们的节律周期都是24至25小时。但是有着这种睡眠障碍的人，他们是没有稳定的生物钟的。相反，这类人的节律周期会延迟为26小时，或者是更长的时间。有些人的节律周期甚至达到72小时一循环。这类有着72小时周期节律的患者会保持48小时清醒，而那些以26小时为节律周期的人，他们的清醒时间会比一般人要长两个小时。另外，这种非24小时睡眠-觉醒综合症多发于盲人群体。

翻译:风舞落月 来源:前十网