Disease is common, affecting every person at some point in their life. However, there are those unlucky few who contract some the rarer disease—those that seem to do the most damage and are often the hardest to treat, let alone cure. Here are 10 diseases and disorders you really want to avoid.
疾病非常普遍，每个人在生命的不同时刻都会受其影响。然而，总有少数不幸的人们会接触一些极为罕见的疾病——这些疾病往往危害甚重、极难治疗、更别谈治愈。这里将介绍10种我们确实想避免的疾病或机能紊乱。

10.Trigeminal Neuralgia
10.三叉神经痛

This particular disorder affects the fifth cranial nerve, one of the most widely spread in a person's face. Known to hospitals as the "suicide disease," there are two types. Type 1 is the acute, involving unbelievable pain shooting through the sufferer's face that lasts for as long as two minutes. These attacks can be joined together over a period of two hours of agony.Type 2 is less painful than Type 1, but still one of the hardest hits the human body can take. It is constant, rather than sporadic, with a painful burning or electric shock feeling lasting for years. Regular pain medication like morphine has no effect and anti-convulsion drugs often lose their effectiveness. Various surgical procedures have shown mild success, but are rarely anything more than temporary fixes.
这种官能紊乱主要发生在第五对脑神经，第五对脑神经是在人体面部分布最广的一种脑神经。医院中著名的"自杀性疾病"有两种。一种是急性的，其导致患者整个面部都贯穿一种难以言喻的疼痛，并持续2分钟之久。并且这种突然袭来的疼痛会伴随超过两个小时的极大痛苦。另一种相较第一种疼痛略弱，但依然是人体最难承受的一种。这种疼痛并非间歇性发作，而是持续不断，伴有多年的痛苦灼烧感或电击样感受。像吗啡等常规治疗疼痛的药物对此都没有效果，而抗痉挛药物在它面前也疗效尽失。虽然有各种手术方法小有成效，但除了暂时修复之外也没什么好方法根除这种病症。

9.Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
9.马尔堡出血热

First diagnosed in 1967 after an outbreak in a number of labs throughout Germany and Yugoslavia, Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a disease nearly identical to that caused by the Ebola virus. Monkeys who had been imported from Africa were infected and spread the disease while they were being used for polio research. So far, it is extremely rare, with less than 1,000 cases reported to date, and it's almost always found in Central Africa.The African fruit bat is believed to be the main source of infection, though how it spreads to humans isn't quite known at this point. The initial symptoms are extremely close to much more common diseases such as malaria, so proper diagnosis can be quite tricky. If the infection is severe enough, bleeding in the mouth and rectum and neurologic problems arise. Due to the lack of scientific knowledge about the Marburg fever, there is no established treatment, but plasma and blood protein transplants have shown good results. As of right now, the fatality rate is wide-ranging, ranging from 23–90 percent.
马尔堡出血热是在德国和南斯拉夫的几所实验室中暴发后发现的，这种疾病几乎与伊波拉病毒引起的出血热一模一样。由非洲运来的猴子在做脊髓灰质炎研究时感染并传播了这种病毒。迄今为止这种疾病极端罕见，数据报道不超过1000病例，且大多是在非洲中部发现的。非洲果蝇被认为是主要的感染源，但其通过什么途径传染给人类尚且未知。最初的症状和疟疾一般的常见疾病症状极其相似，因此需要足够的警觉来做出正确的诊断。感染严重到一定程度时，嘴和直肠会出血、神经方面的问题也会显露。由于对马尔堡出血热缺乏科学的认知，所以至今还没有成熟的治疗方案，但输血浆和血液蛋白的效果还是不错的。就现在来说，它的死亡率分布很广，从23%到90%不等。

8.Cancrum Oris
8.走马疳

More commonly known as noma, cancrum oris is a gangrenous infection which attacks the facial tissue of its victims, usually children under the age of 6. Especially prevalent in poverty-stricken areas of Africa, not only does the disease have an extremely high fatality rate (80 percent), but those who survive are left horribly disfigured and often ostracized. Affecting nearly 100,000 children every year, the antibodies in the sufferer's body get confused and turn on the soft tissue in the cheek, mouth, and nose.Due to the swift progress of the disease, those infected are quickly disabled, unable to speak or eat normally. The disease has only made brief appearances in Europe and North American since its eradication over 100 years ago, most notably in the Nazi concentration camps. Antibiotics can stop the spread at the first sight of a lesion but they are often unavailable or too expensive.
走马疳就是人们更为熟知的坏疽性口炎，其主要攻击病人的面部组织，呈坏疽性感染，而受害者通常是六岁以下儿童。尤其在非洲饥荒地区，这个疾病不仅有极高的死亡率（80%）且生还者还会留下一副恐怖的遭到损毁的面容，这使得他们常常被人排斥。每年感染将近100000个儿童，患者体内的抗体紊乱进而攻击面部、嘴巴、鼻子的软组织。由于疾病感染迅速，这些患者往往很快就会变得残疾，难以正常说话和进食。早在100年前在纳粹集中营便臭名昭著，但在其根除之后仅在欧洲和南美洲短暂出现过。有一些抗体可以在损伤刚出现时阻止其进一步传播，但客观上来说，这些抗体往往难以获得或者太过昂贵。

7.Adhesive Capsulitis
7.黏连性关节囊炎

Known by the catchier name of "frozen shoulder," this disorder causes the sufferer's shoulder to become so painful and stiff that it is virtually impossible to do anything with their arm. In addition, sleep can be difficult to come by, causing a myriad other health issues like depression and anxiety. As of now, there is no known cause for frozen shoulder, but diabetes and injuries or surgeries in the area are considered to be risk factors.Frozen shoulder affects an estimated 2 percent of the population at some point in their lives, making it one of the most common disorders on this list, and it is extremely hard to treat. Even with regular medication and constant physical rehabilitation, it can take up to a year to restore mobility. Although there have been cases where it went away on its own, it usually took up to two years to resolve itself.
这种疾病因其一个更为醒目的名字"冷冻肩"而为人所知，它能引起患者肩膀疼痛僵硬而几乎无法用胳膊做任何事情。并且它使患者难以入睡而引起众多其他健康问题，诸如消极、焦虑等。迄今为止仍未知冷冻肩的致病原因，但糖尿病、伤痛或者该部位的手术被认为是风险因素。冷冻肩可在约2%的人群中影响他们的生活，它是此列表中最普遍的一种疾病，极难治愈。即使给予常规治疗和长期的躯体康复，仍然需要花费一年时间来恢复机体的可动性。尽管一些病例中这种疾病可自然消退，但也通常需要两年时间由其自身消解。

6.Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
6.复合型局部疼痛综合征

Formally known as "reflex sympathetic dystrophy," CRPS is a lifelong systemic disease which manifests itself as extreme burning pain, bone and skin changes, and unbelievable sensitivity to touch. It's one of the most painful diseases in the world, ranked above childbirth and amputation on the McGill Pain Index, a method of evaluating pain developed in the early 1970s. Initially believed to be a systemic failure of the sympathetic nervous system, researchers now believe it is triggered by trauma, especially to the extremities. However, this is just a guess as of right now, which is one of the reasons there is no cure.Various treatments have achieved a modicum of success, including one brought to us by the wisdom of tech support—"Have you tried turning it off and on again?" In 2003, a 14-year-old girl underwent treatment which consisted of a medically-induced coma with the intent of "resetting" the pain connections in her body. This is generally considered a last-ditch effort, as it carries enormous risk and numerous potential side effects.
"CROS"的正式名称是"反射性交感神经营养障碍"，它是一种终身的系统疾病，表现为灼烧样剧烈疼痛，骨骼皮肤的改变，还有对触摸呈现难以置信的敏感。它是世界上最疼痛的疾病之一，在麦吉尔疼痛指数（二十世纪七十年代早期开发用于评价疼痛的方法）排名中位居分娩和截肢之上。最终被认为是交感神经系统的系统衰竭，而现在研究者认为是由创伤尤其是肢体末端的创伤引发的。然而这只是现在一种猜测，而这种疾病目前无法治愈。各种治疗可实现一点点疗效，包括人们向我们集思过的一种技术支持——"你试过将其关闭再打开吗？"2003年，一名14岁女孩接受了治疗，通过药物诱导昏迷的方式企图重置其体内的疼痛连接通路。通常认为这是最后一招，因为它可能伴随巨大风险和潜在的副作用。

翻译：宁舒子 来源：前十网