11. The Ancient Architecture
11. 中国古代建筑艺术
Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermilion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture. 7000 years ago, mortise and tenon and tongue-and-groove were used in Hemudu. The buildings of Banpo village had the division of antechamber and back rooms. Great palaces were built in Shangyin period. Bricks and tiles were used and the layout of Siheyuan emerged in the Western Zhou. There are even building drawings in Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods passed down.
中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色阳的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。七千年前河姆渡文化中即有桦卵和企口做法。半坡村已有前堂后室之分。商殷时已出现高大宫室。西周时已使用砖瓦并有四合院布局。春秋战国时期更有建筑图传世。京邑台栅宫室内外梁柱、斗拱上均作装饰，墙壁上饰以壁画。

In Qin and Han, wooden building tended to be mature gradually. Complex buildings, like Epang Palace, were constructed. Temples and pagodas developed rapidly in the period of Weijin and Southern and Northern dynasties. Glass tiles used in Sui and Tang made the building more glorious. The city construction in the period of Five dynasties and Song was booming. Luxury restaurants and shops with lofts and railings were very beautiful. Many palaces and private gardens built in Ming and Qing are reserved today, which are more magnificent and stately than that of the Song Dynasty.
秦汉时期木构建筑日趋成熟，建筑宏伟壮观，装饰丰富，舒展优美，出现了阿房宫等庞大的建筑组群。魏晋南北朝时期佛寺、佛塔迅速发展。隋唐时期建筑采用琉璃瓦，更是富丽堂皇。五代、两宋都市建筑兴22，商业繁荣，豪华的酒楼、商店各有飞阁栏槛，风格秀丽。明清时代的宫殿苑固和私家园林保存至今者尚多，建筑亦较宋代华丽繁琐、威严自在。