(单词翻译:单击)
名著阅读
No bad representation of the body, for the nonce, in his unbending form, if not in his attitude, Mr Dombey looked down into the cold depths of the dead sea of mahogany on which the fruit dishes and decanters lay at anchor: as if the subjects of his thoughts were rising towards the surface one by one, and plunging down again. Edith was there In all her majesty of brow and figure; and close to her came Florence, with her timid head turned to him, as it had been, for an instant, when she left the room; and Edith's eyes upon her, and Edith's hand put out protectingly. A little figure in a low arm-chair came springing next into the light, and looked upon him wonderingly, with its bright eyes and its old-young face, gleaming as in the flickering of an evening fire. Again came Florence close upon it, and absorbed his whole attention. Whether as a fore-doomed difficulty and disappointment to him; whether as a rival who had crossed him in his way, and might again; whether as his child, of whom, in his successful wooing, he could stoop to think as claiming, at such a time, to be no more estranged; or whether as a hint to him that the mere appearance of caring for his own blood should be maintained in his new relations; he best knew. Indifferently well, perhaps, at best; for marriage company and marriage altars, and ambitious scenes - still blotted here and there with Florence - always Florence - turned up so fast, and so confusedly, that he rose, and went upstairs to escape them.
It was quite late at night before candles were brought; for at present they made Mrs Skewton's head ache, she complained; and in the meantime Florence and Mrs Skewton talked together (Cleopatra being very anxious to keep her close to herself), or Florence touched the piano softly for Mrs Skewton's delight; to make no mention of a few occasions in the course of the evening, when that affectionate lady was impelled to solicit another kiss, and which always happened after Edith had said anything. They were not many, however, for Edith sat apart by an open window during the whole time (in spite of her mother's fears that she would take cold), and remained there until Mr Dombey took leave. He was serenely gracious to Florence when he did so; and Florence went to bed in a room within Edith's, so happy and hopeful, that she thought of her late self as if it were some other poor deserted girl who was to be pitied for her sorrow; and in her pity, sobbed herself to sleep.
The week fled fast. There were drives to milliners, dressmakers, jewellers, lawyers, florists, pastry-cooks; and Florence was always of the party. Florence was to go to the wedding. Florence was to cast off her mourning, and to wear a brilliant dress on the occasion. The milliner's intentions on the subject of this dress - the milliner was a Frenchwoman, and greatly resembled Mrs Skewton - were so chaste and elegant, that Mrs Skewton bespoke one like it for herself. The milliner said it would become her to admiration, and that all the world would take her for the young lady's sister.
The week fled faster. Edith looked at nothing and cared for nothing. Her rich dresses came home, and were tried on, and were loudly commended by Mrs Skewton and the milliners, and were put away without a word from her. Mrs Skewton made their plans for every day, and executed them. Sometimes Edith sat in the carriage when they went to make purchases; sometimes, when it was absolutely necessary, she went into the shops. But Mrs Skewton conducted the whole business, whatever it happened to be; and Edith looked on as uninterested and with as much apparent indifference as if she had no concern in it. Florence might perhaps have thought she was haughty and listless, but that she was never so to her. So Florence quenched her wonder in her gratitude whenever it broke out, and soon subdued it.
The week fled faster. It had nearly winged its flight away. The last night of the week, the night before the marriage, was come. In the dark room - for Mrs Skewton's head was no better yet, though she expected to recover permanently to-morrow - were that lady, Edith, and Mr Dombey. Edith was at her open window looking out into the street; Mr Dombey and Cleopatra were talking softly on the sofa. It was growing late; and Florence, being fatigued, had gone to bed.
由董贝先生暂且代表这具尸体倒也不坏,因为如果不去考虑他的姿势,单就他那毫不弯曲的身形来说,它和尸体实在没有什么差别。桃花心木的餐桌就像一片死海,水果盘子和圆酒瓶正停泊在海上,董贝先生低垂着眼睛,看着这片死海寒冷的深处,仿佛他在思考的人物正一个个地升浮到海面,然后又重新沉没下去。这里是伊迪丝,脸孔和身姿中呈现出威严的神态;紧挨着她的是弗洛伦斯,神色胆怯地朝着他,就跟她刚才离开房间那一刹那间的情形一样;伊迪丝的眼睛注视着她,伊迪丝伸出手来保护她。接着,一个坐在低矮的扶手椅中的小人儿突然出现在亮光中,惊奇地望着他;他那明亮的眼睛和又年轻又老态的脸孔就像晚间闪烁的炉火一样闪发出亮光。弗洛伦斯又来到了小人儿的身旁,吸引了他的全部注意力。董贝先生注意她,是不是由于她是注定要给他带来困难和使他感到失望的人呢?或者是不是由于她是曾经挡住他的道路,并可能再次挡住他的道路的劲敌呢?或者是不是由于她是他的孩子,现在他在求婚获得成功的时候,可以软下心来想一想她,因为她在这样的时候要求不再被他疏远了呢?或者是不是她对他是一种暗示:现在当他建立了新的家庭的时候,他必须至少在表面上对他的亲骨肉表示出一点关心呢?这一切只有他本人最明白。但也许他对这些并没有认真思考过,他心中充其量也仍然是模糊不清的,因为婚礼呀,圣坛呀以及雄心勃勃的远景呀(到处仍然都有个弗洛伦斯的黑点在里面,老是有弗洛伦斯),十分迅速地和杂乱无章地在他的心中闪现出来,因此,他只好站起身来,走上楼去避开它们。
夜里一直到很晚的时候也还没有点蜡烛,因为斯丘顿夫人抱怨,现在点蜡烛会使她头疼;整个晚上,弗洛伦斯和斯丘顿夫人谈着话(克利奥佩特拉急切地把她留在身边),或者是弗洛伦斯轻轻弹着钢琴给斯丘顿夫人消遣;那位慈爱的夫人有时还不得不要求弗洛伦斯再去亲她一下,而这又总是在伊迪丝说了什么话之后。不过伊迪丝说得不多,她不顾她母亲担心她会着凉,一直独自一人坐在打开的窗子旁边,直到董贝先生告辞之后才离开。他告别时,沉着平静地对弗洛伦斯表示了礼貌。弗洛伦斯走到邻近伊迪丝卧室的房间中去睡觉时感到十分幸福,充满了希望;当她想到她的过去时,就像想到另一个可怜的、被遗弃的女孩子一样;对这个女孩子的不幸是应当寄予同情的,她就在这种同情中哭泣着,哭泣着,睡去了。
这个星期过得很快。乘车前往妇女服饰店、缝纫店、珠宝店、律师事务所、花店和糕点店。弗洛伦斯经常陪着一道去。弗洛伦斯将参加婚礼。那时弗洛伦斯必须脱去丧服,穿上华丽的服装。妇女服饰商是一位法国女人,面貌很像斯丘顿夫人;她对弗洛伦斯这套服装的设计思想十分高雅、优美,所以斯丘顿夫人就给她自己也预定了式样相似的一套;那位妇女服饰商说,她穿起来一定人人赞美,大家都会以为她是那位小姐的姐姐呢。
这个星期过得更快了。伊迪丝什么也不看,什么也不关心。豪华的服装给她送到家里来,进行了试穿;斯丘顿夫人和妇女服饰商对它们高声赞扬,她则一声不吭地把它们收放起来。斯丘顿夫人拟订她们每天的计划,并执行着这些计划。有时候她们去买东西时,伊迪丝就在马车里坐着;有时候,当绝对有必要时,她才走进商店。但是不论在什么情况下,斯丘顿夫人都指挥着一切,而伊迪丝则毫无兴趣,显然冷冷淡淡地看着这一切,仿佛她对这丝毫也不关心似的。弗洛伦斯也许会想,她是傲慢的和无精打采的,但是她对待她却从来不曾这样,因此弗洛伦斯每当感到不可思议时,她就怀着感谢的心情把她的这种诧异压下去,并很快地克服了它。
这个星期过得更快了。它几乎是长着翅膀飞过去的。这星期的最后一夜,结婚前的一夜来临了。房间里仍然是黑暗的,因为斯丘顿夫人的头痛还没有好,虽然她希望明天能永远消除这个病症。在房间里的是斯丘顿夫人,伊迪丝和董贝先生。伊迪丝又坐在打开的窗子旁边,望着外面的街道;董贝先生和克利奥佩特拉坐在沙发上低声谈话。时间已经很晚了,弗洛伦斯觉得疲累,已经去睡觉了。
背景阅读
本书简介:
《董贝父子》是狄更斯最重要的作品之一,发表于1848年。小说描写了董贝父子公司的盛衰史。董贝是个贪得无厌的大资本家,妻子儿女都成了他追逐利润的工具和摆设。公司经理卡克尔是个奸诈小人,骗取了董贝的信任后又一手造成了他的破产。在现实的教训中,董贝的思想发生了转变。最后,虽然他已无法重整家业,却成全了真正的家庭幸福。
豆瓣热评:永恒的大团圆结局
来自: 阿壳
在读托尔金,C.S.刘易斯和狄更斯的小说前,我很少思想关于大团圆结局的事。而这三位作家是毫不掩饰自己热爱大团圆结局的,他们都是英国人。我不知道英国文学里是否有这一种传承,我读的很少;不过我相信,在信仰上他们确实是一脉相承。刘易斯的《纳尼亚传奇》和《裸颜》是基督教寓言小说,当他有更多更清晰直白的见解时,他就放下寓言,转而将它们变为论述或演讲。托尔金不太赞成他的好朋友那样赤裸裸地谈论信仰,他自己的魔戒系列和精灵宝钻是另一种类型的寓言体,不过依然深深渗透了基督教思想——只要把它们放在圣经面前,就会很容易识别出托尔金的信念是从哪里寻得依傍。他极其喜爱公式化的“从此以后他过着幸福的生活”,狄更斯也一样,甚至有过之而无不及。
在我所读过的《雾都孤儿》、《大卫?科波菲尔》、《圣诞颂歌》和《董贝父子》中,狄更斯不管形势有多严峻,某些人能过上幸福生活的可能性是多么微小——依然坚持到结尾时把他们全部聚拢在一起,使他们苦尽甘来,平平安安,欢欢乐乐,相亲相爱,永不分离。有时候我不由猜想,他是不是想要实现某种人间天国,但很快便打消了这念头。不如说大团圆在他笔下之所以成为可能、那样牢固,正是由他对这个世界以外有天国怀有真切的盼望。他随时描写那看不见的天国,随时使他的故事与人物浸透在那种光芒中。我没见过比他更天真的作家,天真到令人感动的地步,就像他钟爱自己笔下各种各样的“憨人”,不惜亲自出马保护他们,尽管他们傻气,不谙世事,偶尔会因自己的轻信挨近危险边缘——但他们绝不会有真正的危险,真正危险的是那种因聪明而自负的人。狄更斯以他叫人眼花缭乱的幽默手法描写这些傻乎乎的人,用上他最亲切的笔墨,仿佛是在叫喊:在这样的世界里做一个天真的人是可以的!你信上帝吗?上帝保佑你!——这句话的意思其实是“在人这是不能的,在神凡事都能。”(马太福音19:26)从同一个思路出发,因此他也毫不为自己的故事有一个美好结局而感到羞赧或犹疑。
我从娱乐作品中见过同样被称作“团圆”的结局,但它们不是同一种,和狄更斯的作品比起来,那不是真团圆。香港晚间黄金时段的电视剧几乎都有譬如真相大白,破镜重圆,有情人终成眷属,好有好报坏有坏报等等情节,也时常可见“从此以后他们过上幸福的生活”。类似的结尾也出现在给小学生改写的童话里。一本叫《屠猫记?法国文化史钩沉》的书谈到,《小红帽》的最初版本是极其血腥的,在几个世纪间,类似的民间传说大多是为了告诫年轻人这个世界的残酷,要想活下去(甚至不是为了能活得多么好)你就得留神。因此,真团圆首先要面对的问题是在一个残酷世界中得到幸福怎么可能。这其实是个严肃的问题,通常电视剧不负有探讨的责任,言情小说也没有,改写的童话同样不予理会。于是我们不得不遭遇断裂:小时候事情是一个版本,等到我们长大后——它们就无情地改变了。
真团圆必须得迎难而上,否则它就不过是娱乐,演和看的人同样不信。狄更斯信,而且似乎不需要论证。和他相比,雨果不但是个雄辩家,而且简直是个没多大信心的人,他在自己的小说里长篇累牍地辩论,甚至给我一种印象,如果他在每一章的开头不把事情为什么可以那样进行说清楚,事情就真的没法儿那样进行了。而且,即便它如期进行,却充满了暴力的痕迹。就像雨果本人对法国大革命十分推崇,认为人类要想有大团圆结局便无法绕道。他把暴力写得那样激昂,那样美。和他比起来狄更斯真是毫不进取,缺乏光荣,也一点都不浪漫。他只是温和却严肃地看着自己笔下的人物,也看着他的读者,仿佛是说:你应当舍己去爱。为什么?——你信上帝吗?愿上帝保佑你!
不过,即使对狄更斯而言,真团圆的难题也是不容易解决的,因为疑虑多半来自生活中确实没有那么多的幸福美满——果真如此吗?我想起那几本书的结尾,是否有人死亡或奄奄一息呢,是的,有,有两种情况。一种是误入歧途的人,无论他们之前多么坏,此时潘然悔悟,迎接他们的是“当一个忏悔的罪人夹在九十九个正直人中间进入天堂时,天使们的脸上可能出现的就是这种狂喜的神情”。他们离开这个绊倒人和叫人悲伤的世界,去往那真正使人安息的国度。这种结局,是从福音书耶稣基督的口里得来的。另一种情况是悲剧。作恶的人直到最后都不承认自己做了可怕的事,伤害了爱他的人和无辜的人,心里没有半点怜悯和恻隐,而只有无尽的骄傲、欲望和唯我独尊的念头——狄更斯描写这种人也是不遗余力。于是,最后他们被从“好人”中放逐出去,就像狼被从羊群中赶走,免得羊群的苦楚没有尽头。在《董贝父子》里,唯一的悲剧是那个人掉到火车的铁轨中央,狂乱中被火车撞死。然而,最可怕还不在于这种死,而是狄更斯相信有另一种永恒的死如同有永恒的活一样,两者同样出自福音书。狄更斯是节制的。小说里有不少糟糕的人物,只有这一个被“处以死刑”,不是由于他罪孽深重,而是由于他不肯回转。那个人心里有那么多肮脏的欲望和自私自利的念头,几乎等于是自己跳入到死亡之中。
狄更斯坦然书写这两种结局,对他来说那是确切无疑的,他就是那样相信的。通过他的故事,我对真团圆多了一层领悟。原来,疾病不能伤害真团圆,死也不能;贫穷和破产不能伤害真团圆,爱能填补它的空缺,它却不能填补爱的空缺;辛劳、付出得不到回报、爱一个人却眼看她与别人成婚、忍耐、默默承担,以及盼望非常遥远的事情——这一切都不能伤害真团圆,而这一切,不正是我们平常所害怕、以为一旦挨着就再也无能过上幸福生活的东西吗?那么狄更斯以为真团圆是什么呢?
“她念那永恒的书,那是给世上所有疲累的、心情沉重的人,和所有可怜的、堕落的、被忽视的人的书。她念那神圣的历史。失明的、跛腿的、瘫痪的乞丐、罪犯、蒙受耻辱的女人,我们所有正人君子避开的人,都在这历史中占一个部分。在这个世界继续存在的所有纪元里,没有任何人类的骄傲、冷淡或者诡辩能把这个部分除掉,或者减少千分之一格令。她念上帝的恩典,祂对整个人生,从出生到死亡,从婴儿到老年的一切希望和不幸都怀有亲切的同情,对人生中每一个场景、每一个阶段、每一个痛苦和悲哀,都很关心。”以及——
“海浪里的声音总是以它们那不停的喃喃声向弗洛伦斯悄悄谈论爱。那爱是永恒的,无限的,并不被今世和末日所局限,而是扩展开去,越过大海,越过天空,一直到远处那个看不见的地方!”(引自《董贝父子》)
于是,狄更斯在他的故事的结尾,把所有曾经痛苦、误入歧途和懊悔的人聚集在一起,使他们最远不会离开彼此一条街。我曾经疑惑,为什么这些人总是会相聚、相识,相爱,在现实生活中这可能吗?然而,是可能的!因为他们最后总会成为某种相像的人,总是随时乐于给予而将自己的益处置之度外。经过种种磨难后,他们终于在一起,因为信仰,盼望和爱而联合了。这就是作者所相信的大团圆,它们是如此沉甸甸,因为不是不付出代价的。如果疾病,患难,贫穷,痛苦,伤害——这个残酷世界所具有的一切武器——都不能使他们仇恨彼此,不信上帝的恩慈,那么还有什么能阻挡他们,使他们无法过上幸福美满的生活呢?
于是这永恒的大团圆结局仿佛是在说:选择过幸福的生活吧,亲爱的朋友!愿上帝祝福你!