(单词翻译:单击)
名著阅读
GOVINDA
Together with other monks, Govinda used to spend the time of rest between pilgrimages in the pleasure-grove, which the courtesan Kamala had given to the followers of Gotama for a gift. He heard talk of an old ferryman, who lived one day's journey away by the river, and who was regarded as a wise man by many. When Govinda went back on his way, he chose the path to the ferry, eager to see the ferryman. Because, though he had lived his entire life by the rules, though he was also looked upon with veneration by the younger monks on account of his age and his modesty, the restlessness and the searching still had not perished from his heart.
He came to the river and asked the old man to ferry him over, and when they got off the boat on the other side, he said to the old man: "You're very good to us monks and pilgrims, you have already ferried many of us across the river. Aren't you too, ferryman, a searcher for the right path?"
Quoth Siddhartha, smiling from his old eyes: "Do you call yourself a searcher, oh venerable one, though you are already of an old in years and are wearing the robe of Gotama's monks?"
"It's true, I'm old," spoke Govinda, "but I haven't stopped searching. Never I'll stop searching, this seems to be my destiny. You too, so it seems to me, have been searching. Would you like to tell me something, oh honourable one?"
Quoth Siddhartha: "What should I possibly have to tell you, oh venerable one? Perhaps that you're searching far too much? That in all that searching, you don't find the time for finding?"
"How come?" asked Govinda.
"When someone is searching," said Siddhartha, "then it might easily happen that the only thing his eyes still see is that what he searches for, that he is unable to find anything, to let anything enter his mind, because he always thinks of nothing but the object of his search, because he has a goal, because he is obsessed by the goal. Searching means: having a goal. But finding means: being free, being open, having no goal. You, oh venerable one, are perhaps indeed a searcher, because, striving for your goal, there are many things you don't see, which are directly in front of your eyes."
"I don't quite understand yet," asked Govinda, "what do you mean by this?"
Quoth Siddhartha: "A long time ago, oh venerable one, many years ago, you've once before been at this river and have found a sleeping man by the river, and have sat down with him to guard his sleep. But, oh Govinda, you did not recognise the sleeping man."
Astonished, as if he had been the object of a magic spell, the monk looked into the ferryman's eyes.
"Are you Siddhartha?" he asked with a timid voice. "I wouldn't have recognised you this time as well! From my heart, I'm greeting you, Siddhartha; from my heart, I'm happy to see you once again! You've changed a lot, my friend.--And so you've now become a ferryman?"
In a friendly manner, Siddhartha laughed. "A ferryman, yes. Many people, Govinda, have to change a lot, have to wear many a robe, I am one of those, my dear. Be welcome, Govinda, and spend the night in my hut."
Govinda stayed the night in the hut and slept on the bed which used to be Vasudeva's bed. Many questions he posed to the friend of his youth, many things Siddhartha had to tell him from his life.
戈文达
有一次,戈文达跟其他和尚一起到了名妓卡玛拉送给戈塔马弟子的林苑。他听人说起有个老船夫,就住在离该地大约一天路程的河边,很多人都认为他是个圣贤。于是,戈文达继续上路时就选择了去渡口的路,渴望见到这个船夫。他虽然一辈子都是循规蹈矩地生活,也由于年高德劭而看到年轻和尚敬重,但是他心里那种不安与探求并没有熄灭。
他来到河边,请求老人摆渡,然后在抵达对岸下船时对老人说:“你为我们和尚和朝圣者做了很多好事,摆渡了我们很多人。船夫啊,你也是一个寻求正确路径的探索者吗?”
席特哈尔塔眼里含着笑意说:“你自称是个探索者,可敬的人,但是你显然年事已高,怎么还穿着戈塔马弟子的衣服?”
“我确实老了,”戈文达说,“但是我并没有停止探索。我永远也不会停止探索,这看来是我的命运。我觉得你也探索过,你愿意跟我说说吗,可敬的人?”
席特哈尔塔说:“可敬的人呀,我该对你说什么呢?也许是说你探索得太多了?还是说你虽然探索了却并无所得?”
“怎么呢?”戈文达问。
“一个人探索时,”席特哈尔塔说,“很容易眼睛只看他所寻找的事物,结果他什么也找不到,什么也吸收不了,因为他总是只想所找的东西,因为他有一个目标,因为他受这个目标支配。探索就意味着有一个目标。而发现则意味着自由自在,开放随意,没有目标。可敬的人呀,你也许在事实上是个探索者,因为你努力追求你的目标,可是你却看不见某些迫在眼前的东西。”
“我还没完全听明白,”戈文达请求道:“你到底是什么意思?”
席特哈尔塔说:“哦,可敬的人呀,几年前,你曾经到过这河边一次,在河边见到一个沉睡的人,你就坐在他身边,守护他睡觉。可是,戈文达,你却没认出那个睡觉的人。”
那和尚惊讶得就像着了魔,瞪着船夫的眼睛。
“你是席特哈尔塔?”他声音怯怯地问,“这一次我也没有认出你!我衷心问候你,席特哈尔塔,很高兴再一次见到你!你的样子真是大变了,朋友。——现在你成船夫啦?”
席特哈尔塔亲切地笑了。“一个船夫,对。戈文达,有些人就得大变样,就得穿各种各样的衣服,我就是他们当中的一个,亲爱的,欢迎你,戈文达,你在我这茅屋里过夜吧。”
戈文达当晚留在了茅屋里,就睡在瓦苏代瓦原来的床铺上。他向青年时代的好友提出了许多问题,席特哈尔塔给他讲了自己生活中的许多事。
背景阅读
本书简介:
古印度贵族青年悉达多英俊聪慧,拥有人们羡慕的一切。为了追求心灵的安宁,他孤身一人展开了求道之旅。他在舍卫城聆听佛陀乔答摩宣讲教义,在繁华的大城中结识了名妓伽摩拉,并成为一名富商。心灵与肉体的享受达到顶峰,却让他对自己厌倦、鄙弃到极点。在与伽摩拉最后一次欢爱之后,他抛弃了自己所有世俗的一切,来到那河边,想结束自己的生命。在那最绝望的一刹那,他突然听到了生命之河永恒的声音……经过几乎一生的追求,悉达多终于体验到万事万物的圆融统一,所有生命的不可摧毁的本性,并最终将自我融入了瞬间的永恒之中。
作者简介:
赫尔曼·黑塞(Hermann Hesse,1877.7.2-1962.8.9)德国作家。1923年46岁入瑞士籍。1946年获诺贝尔文学奖。1962年于瑞士家中去世。爱好音乐与绘画,是一位漂泊、孤独、隐逸的诗人。黑塞的诗有很多充满了浪漫气息,从他的最初诗集《浪漫之歌》的书名,也可以看出他深受德国浪漫主义诗人的影响,以致后来被人称为“德国浪漫派最后的一个骑士”。主要作品有《彼得·卡门青》、《荒原狼》、《东方之行》、《玻璃球游戏》等。
豆瓣热门书评:席特哈尔塔与乔达摩悉达多
来自: 宠物跳蚤
不算评论,只是想谈一个简单的问题。
因为这种情况在我读杨玉功翻译的《悉达多》的时候也发生过。最初总是在“悉达多就是佛教的创始人”这个语境中,直到悉达多去拜访佛陀,也就是乔达摩的时候,我开始困惑不已。
在这个方面,不能不说译者杨玉功应该负主要责任。他的那篇颇有些自鸣得意的序我印象很深刻,一种少年得意之情充斥其中:二十多岁就把全书译完,现在再看觉得还是没有什么不妥的地方;对旧翻译书名音译(即《席特哈尔塔》)有所不满,更指出了一处错误“潜入水中”,他说应翻译为“在水面行走”。恰恰是他得意的书名《悉达多》,误导了很多人,认为这是佛教创始人的一篇西方作家所做的传记,甚至连一些我国出的西方文学史(特别是一部五卷本的德国文学史)谈到此书时也作是评。
实际上如此吗?
当然不!下面从几个方面来说明。
为了区分,《悉达多》一书的主人公悉达多,我们用旧翻译,即音译,席特哈尔塔。
从现实的层面讲,乔达摩悉达多,也就是佛教的创始人应当为其全名,而悉达多仅仅是名而已。书中写的婆罗门贵族青年席特哈尔塔仅仅和佛祖重名(作者是否有意另作讨论),就像张伟,刘伟,王伟一样,怎么能就此认为是佛教创始人呢?而且佛祖乔达摩悉达多出身为印度四大种姓的另一个:刹帝利。
从书中的内容讲,席特哈尔塔曾经拜访了已经尊为佛祖的乔达摩悉达多,作者分明把两人区别开来,怎么可以再将两者混淆?佛祖的传道首先是在鹿野苑,而席特哈尔塔也就是本书的主人公拜访并师从之后,认为乔达摩悉达多是位伟人,但其学说或者体悟并不能满足自己的心灵——这一点很重要,下面马上提到,希望大家注意。
再从思想的深度来讲,《悉达多》(《席特哈尔塔》)之所以会风靡全世界,假如它只是一本佛祖的西方传记,恐怕根本达不到那种动人心魄的效果,事实上,从作者自身思想发展来看,他虽然对印度的哲学很有兴趣,并非真的信服,反而越到后来越是靠近中国的古代哲学,比如老子。
纵观黑塞一生的创作历程,会发现作者不断地在探讨的并非是某一种宗教或者学说让书中的主人公乃至书后的黑塞本人信服,而是这些东西或启发,或阻碍主人公作为一个“人”对自身心灵在现实世界中的探寻。黑塞本人在现实生活中也是这么做的,他没有埋头在书房里冥思苦想,而是走了很多地方,在最接近大自然的地方独自居住,经历了三次婚姻,遭遇无数的误解,他不但写小说,写诗歌,而且还画画。从《盖特路德》《罗斯哈尔德》到《席特哈尔塔》到《纳尔齐斯和歌尔德蒙》,哪一个主人公不是在现实生活中不断地追寻?不断经历生活?如果将《席特哈尔塔》理解为佛祖的传记,真是把黑塞的视野极大的狭隘化了。
我们再重温一下席特哈尔塔所经历过的吧:沙门,静修,物质之富,欲望之淫,亲情之痛,自然之歌。这些是佛教所能概括的吗,难道他最后皈依的是佛教吗?不,他最后皈依的是自然,连皈依佛教静修多年的旧友侨文达也崇敬地望着他,难以理解席特哈尔塔如何达到这样的境界。
“他深深地鞠躬,一躬到地,向端坐不动的席特哈尔塔敬礼,席特哈尔塔的笑容让他忆起了自己一生中曾经爱过的一切,忆起了自己一生中认为宝贵和神圣的一切。”
我们不禁想到歌尔德蒙弥留中追问纳尔齐斯:“可你将来想怎么死呢,纳尔齐斯,你没有母亲?人没有母亲就不能爱,没有母亲也不能死啊!”
这并非无欲无求的佛心,而是不可言传的大道。
附:黑塞与道的关系需另论,此文目的在于辨明乔达摩悉达多和席特哈尔塔绝非一人,并且此书绝非佛祖传记。