(单词翻译:单击)
名著阅读
OM
For a long time, the wound continued to burn. Many a traveller Siddhartha had to ferry across the river who was accompanied by a son or a daughter, and he saw none of them without envying him, without thinking: "So many, so many thousands possess this sweetest of good fortunes--why don't I? Even bad people, even thieves and robbers have children and love them, and are being loved by them, all except for me." Thus simply, thus without reason he now thought, thus similar to the childlike people he had become.
Differently than before, he now looked upon people, less smart, less proud, but instead warmer, more curious, more involved. When he ferried travellers of the ordinary kind, childlike people, businessmen, warriors, women, these people did not seem alien to him as they used to: he understood them, he understood and shared their life, which was not guided by thoughts and insight, but solely by urges and wishes, he felt like them. Though he was near perfection and was bearing his final wound, it still seemed to him as if those childlike people were his brothers, their vanities, desires for possession, and ridiculous aspects were no longer ridiculous to him, became understandable, became lovable, even became worthy of veneration to him. The blind love of a mother for her child, the stupid, blind pride of a conceited father for his only son, the blind, wild desire of a young, vain woman for jewelry and admiring glances from men, all of these urges, all of this childish stuff, all of these simple, foolish, but immensely strong, strongly living, strongly prevailing urges and desires were now no childish notions for Siddhartha any more, he saw people living for their sake, saw them achieving infinitely much for their sake, travelling, conducting wars, suffering infinitely much, bearing infinitely much, and he could love them for it, he saw life, that what is alive, the indestructible, the Brahman in each of their passions, each of their acts. Worthy of love and admiration were these people in their blind loyalty, their blind strength and tenacity. They lacked nothing, there was nothing the knowledgeable one, the thinker, had to put him above them except for one little thing, a single, tiny, small thing: the consciousness, the conscious thought of the oneness of all life. And Siddhartha even doubted in many an hour, whether this knowledge, this thought was to be valued thus highly, whether it might not also perhaps be a childish idea of the thinking people, of the thinking and childlike people. In all other respects, theworldly people were of equal rank to the wise men, were often far superior to them, just as animals too can, after all, in some moments, seem to be superior to humans in their tough, unrelenting performance of what is necessary.
Slowly blossomed, slowly ripened in Siddhartha the realisation, the knowledge, what wisdom actually was, what the goal of his long search was. It was nothing but a readiness of the soul, an ability, a secret art, to think every moment, while living his life, the thought of oneness, to be able to feel and inhale the oneness. Slowly this blossomed in him, was shining back at him from Vasudeva's old, childlike face: harmony, knowledge of the eternal perfection of the world, smiling, oneness.
But the wound still burned, longingly and bitterly Siddhartha thought of his son, nurtured his love and tenderness in his heart, allowed the pain to gnaw at him, committed all foolish acts of love. Not by itself, this flame would go out.
唵
那伤口很久仍然在疼。有时,席特哈尔塔摆渡某个身边带着儿子或女儿的旅客过河,心里总是很羡慕,想:“这么多人,千千万万的人,都拥有这份最温馨的幸福——为什么我偏偏没有?就连坏人,窃贼和强盗,也都有自己的孩子,既爱他们又为他们所爱,可是惟独我不行!”他想得就是这么简单,这么没有理性,他变得跟那些孩子般的俗人一模一样了。
现在他待人跟以前不一样了,不再精明,不再自负,而是更热情、更好奇、更关心人了。他在摆渡通常类型的旅客,也就是孩子般的俗人、商人、士兵和女人时,觉得这些人不像以前那么生疏了:他理解他们,理解并分享他们那并非由思想和观点、而是由本能和愿望所引导的生活,觉得自己跟他们一样了。虽然他已接近于完美,身上有他最近的伤口,他却觉得这些俗人都是他的兄弟,他们的虚荣、贪心和可笑对于他已经失去了可笑之处,而是变得可理解、可爱甚至可尊敬了。一个母亲对自己孩子的盲目的爱,一个自负的父亲对自己独生子的愚蠢而盲目的自豪,一个爱打扮的年轻女人对珠宝首饰以及男人赞赏目光的盲目而疯狂的追求,所有这些欲望,所有这些幼稚,所有这些简单、愚蠢但又极为强烈、极为活跃和顽固的欲望与贪心,现在对于席特哈尔塔已不再是幼稚了,他看到人们为了这些而活着,为了这些而忙忙碌碌,四处奔波,互相打伏,吃无穷的苦,忍受无尽的烦恼。他因此而爱他们,在他们的每一种激情和每一种行动中,他都看到了生活,那种生气勃勃,那种坚不可摧,他看到了梵。这些人在其盲目的忠实以及盲目的刚强和坚韧方面是可爱和可敬的。他们不缺少什么,学者和思想家并不比他们高明,只除了一件小事,一件很细小的小事:觉悟,对一切生活统一性的清醒想法。席特哈尔塔有时甚至怀疑,对这认识、这想法是否该评价得这么高,就不定连他自己也有一种思索者的幼稚,一个思考的俗人的幼稚呢。总之,凡夫俗子在其他方面都与智者贤人不相上下,甚至还远远胜于他们,正像动物在其顽强而坚定的必要行动中有时会胜过人类一样。
在席特哈尔塔心中,有一种认识,有一种学问,也就是智慧到底是什么,他长期探索的目标是什么,渐渐开花,渐渐成熟了。它无非就是一种心灵的准备,一种能力,一种神秘的艺术,每时每刻,在生活当中,能够想统一的思想,能够感受和吸入这种统一。这在他心中慢慢开花了,又在瓦苏代瓦那苍老的脸上反映出来:和谐,关于世界永恒完美的认识,笑容,统一。
可是伤口仍灼痛不已,席特哈尔塔仍在苦苦地思念他的儿子,在心中培育他的爱心和柔情,任凭疼痛折磨自己,不惜干一切爱的蠢事。这火焰是不会自行熄灭的。
背景阅读
本书简介:
古印度贵族青年悉达多英俊聪慧,拥有人们羡慕的一切。为了追求心灵的安宁,他孤身一人展开了求道之旅。他在舍卫城聆听佛陀乔答摩宣讲教义,在繁华的大城中结识了名妓伽摩拉,并成为一名富商。心灵与肉体的享受达到顶峰,却让他对自己厌倦、鄙弃到极点。在与伽摩拉最后一次欢爱之后,他抛弃了自己所有世俗的一切,来到那河边,想结束自己的生命。在那最绝望的一刹那,他突然听到了生命之河永恒的声音……经过几乎一生的追求,悉达多终于体验到万事万物的圆融统一,所有生命的不可摧毁的本性,并最终将自我融入了瞬间的永恒之中。
作者简介:
赫尔曼·黑塞(Hermann Hesse,1877.7.2-1962.8.9)德国作家。1923年46岁入瑞士籍。1946年获诺贝尔文学奖。1962年于瑞士家中去世。爱好音乐与绘画,是一位漂泊、孤独、隐逸的诗人。黑塞的诗有很多充满了浪漫气息,从他的最初诗集《浪漫之歌》的书名,也可以看出他深受德国浪漫主义诗人的影响,以致后来被人称为“德国浪漫派最后的一个骑士”。主要作品有《彼得·卡门青》、《荒原狼》、《东方之行》、《玻璃球游戏》等。
豆瓣热门书评:席特哈尔塔与乔达摩悉达多
来自: 宠物跳蚤
不算评论,只是想谈一个简单的问题。
因为这种情况在我读杨玉功翻译的《悉达多》的时候也发生过。最初总是在“悉达多就是佛教的创始人”这个语境中,直到悉达多去拜访佛陀,也就是乔达摩的时候,我开始困惑不已。
在这个方面,不能不说译者杨玉功应该负主要责任。他的那篇颇有些自鸣得意的序我印象很深刻,一种少年得意之情充斥其中:二十多岁就把全书译完,现在再看觉得还是没有什么不妥的地方;对旧翻译书名音译(即《席特哈尔塔》)有所不满,更指出了一处错误“潜入水中”,他说应翻译为“在水面行走”。恰恰是他得意的书名《悉达多》,误导了很多人,认为这是佛教创始人的一篇西方作家所做的传记,甚至连一些我国出的西方文学史(特别是一部五卷本的德国文学史)谈到此书时也作是评。
实际上如此吗?
当然不!下面从几个方面来说明。
为了区分,《悉达多》一书的主人公悉达多,我们用旧翻译,即音译,席特哈尔塔。
从现实的层面讲,乔达摩悉达多,也就是佛教的创始人应当为其全名,而悉达多仅仅是名而已。书中写的婆罗门贵族青年席特哈尔塔仅仅和佛祖重名(作者是否有意另作讨论),就像张伟,刘伟,王伟一样,怎么能就此认为是佛教创始人呢?而且佛祖乔达摩悉达多出身为印度四大种姓的另一个:刹帝利。
从书中的内容讲,席特哈尔塔曾经拜访了已经尊为佛祖的乔达摩悉达多,作者分明把两人区别开来,怎么可以再将两者混淆?佛祖的传道首先是在鹿野苑,而席特哈尔塔也就是本书的主人公拜访并师从之后,认为乔达摩悉达多是位伟人,但其学说或者体悟并不能满足自己的心灵——这一点很重要,下面马上提到,希望大家注意。
再从思想的深度来讲,《悉达多》(《席特哈尔塔》)之所以会风靡全世界,假如它只是一本佛祖的西方传记,恐怕根本达不到那种动人心魄的效果,事实上,从作者自身思想发展来看,他虽然对印度的哲学很有兴趣,并非真的信服,反而越到后来越是靠近中国的古代哲学,比如老子。
纵观黑塞一生的创作历程,会发现作者不断地在探讨的并非是某一种宗教或者学说让书中的主人公乃至书后的黑塞本人信服,而是这些东西或启发,或阻碍主人公作为一个“人”对自身心灵在现实世界中的探寻。黑塞本人在现实生活中也是这么做的,他没有埋头在书房里冥思苦想,而是走了很多地方,在最接近大自然的地方独自居住,经历了三次婚姻,遭遇无数的误解,他不但写小说,写诗歌,而且还画画。从《盖特路德》《罗斯哈尔德》到《席特哈尔塔》到《纳尔齐斯和歌尔德蒙》,哪一个主人公不是在现实生活中不断地追寻?不断经历生活?如果将《席特哈尔塔》理解为佛祖的传记,真是把黑塞的视野极大的狭隘化了。
我们再重温一下席特哈尔塔所经历过的吧:沙门,静修,物质之富,欲望之淫,亲情之痛,自然之歌。这些是佛教所能概括的吗,难道他最后皈依的是佛教吗?不,他最后皈依的是自然,连皈依佛教静修多年的旧友侨文达也崇敬地望着他,难以理解席特哈尔塔如何达到这样的境界。
“他深深地鞠躬,一躬到地,向端坐不动的席特哈尔塔敬礼,席特哈尔塔的笑容让他忆起了自己一生中曾经爱过的一切,忆起了自己一生中认为宝贵和神圣的一切。”
我们不禁想到歌尔德蒙弥留中追问纳尔齐斯:“可你将来想怎么死呢,纳尔齐斯,你没有母亲?人没有母亲就不能爱,没有母亲也不能死啊!”
这并非无欲无求的佛心,而是不可言传的大道。
附:黑塞与道的关系需另论,此文目的在于辨明乔达摩悉达多和席特哈尔塔绝非一人,并且此书绝非佛祖传记。