(单词翻译:单击)
课文
【课文】
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important thing for a tramp?
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or stead occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of my even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
参考译文
【参考译文】
据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。
在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
词汇讲解
1.philosopher n.哲学家
例句：Do you subscribe to that philosopher's belief?
你赞成那个哲学家的信仰吗？
2.wisdom n.智慧
例句：Your wisdom will advance constantly during the years.
你的智慧会与年俱增的。
3.priest n.牧师
4.spiritual adj.精神上的
例句：The Spring Festival celebration is a spiritual feast for the Chinese.
春节联欢晚会是中国人除夕夜的精神大餐。
5.grudge v.不愿给，舍不得给
6.surgeon n.外科大夫
7.passer-by n.过路人（复数 passers-by)
8.dignity n.尊严
例句：We can not accept charity at the cost of dignity.
如果要以尊严为代价，那么我们不能接受施舍。
9.deliberately adv.故意地
例句：You disagreed with me about everything I said, were you deliberately singing a different tune?
我说什么你都不赞同，你是不是成心跟我唱反调？
10.consequence n.后果，结果
例句：In consequence, their acquaintance developed into long and profitable friendship.
他们由点头之交变成了长期互利的朋友关系。
11.afflict v.使苦恼，折磨
例句：I don't want to afflict you with my troubles.
我不想使你为我的困难而苦恼。
12.ease n.容易
例句：It is necessary to add a gadget to assist us in browsing the internet with ease.
为了帮助我们更方便的浏览互联网，添加一个小插件是很有必要的。
13.contempt n.蔑视
例句：At this fresh display of ignorance, the native's contempt rose too high for words.
看到这一新的无知的表现，那当地人的轻蔑上升到了不屑一答的地步。
14.envious adj. 嫉妒的
例句：She excels in many sports I am envious.
我羡慕她精通多种运动。
课文讲解
【课文讲解】
1.It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
参考翻译：据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。
讲解：it's said据说。要表达你听来、看来的没有确凿证据的事情，用这个句型最方便了。这个句型也表示你开始陈述。
(1)It is said that we'll have a new manager.
听说我们要有新经理了。
(2)It is said by the Bible that Adam is the very first human being in the world.
据《圣经》说亚当是世间的第一个人。
(3)It is said that drinking much pure water is good for health.
据说多喝净水有益健康。
live by以……谋生
The brothers all live by practicing martial arts.
他们哥几个都是靠打把式卖艺为生。
2.In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
参考翻译：根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。
讲解：in the light of按照，根据，相当于according to in accordance with
He reviews his policy in the light of recent developments.
他根据最近的事态发展重新考虑自己的方针。
3.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
参考翻译：虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。
讲解：in terms of用...的话, 根据, 按照, 在...方面
There are prepositive and postpositive attributes in terms of position.
按照位置，可以将定语分为前置定语和后置定语。
4.There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
参考翻译：有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。
讲解：when引导定语从句，而且times做先行词时，定语从句的引导词必须用when。yet 引导让步状语从句。though, although表示虽然，纵然之意。 在口语中，二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：
Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。
5.The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.
参考翻译：社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。
讲解：the same as与……一样
They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine. 他们的报酬是我们的两倍，可是他们和我做的工作是一模一样的。
6.He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
参考翻译：他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。
讲解：lead the life过着什么样的生活
be aware of知道，明白
We are aware of this possibility; It's nothing to be afraid of.
我们意识到了这个问题，但这不可怕。
7.His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
参考翻译：他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。
讲解：for sb to do sth详见语法部分
8.We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
参考翻译：说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
讲解：put them in the same class as归为一类
be envious of忌妒, 羡慕
Some girl students are envious of Mary's slim figure very much.
有些女学生非常羡慕玛丽的苗条身材。
语法点
【语法点】
for+ 不定式是英语中一个十分有用的结构，不仅在阅读理解中经常出现，而且，如果同学们在书面表达中能巧妙地运用它，将会增添文章亮点，提高文章的档次。为帮助同学们正确理解和掌握这一结构，本文对这一结构的用法作了一个全面的归纳，同时，对于其使用上应注意的地方也给出了详细的说明。
for+宾语+不定式的句法功能
1. 用作主语For you to ask Joe would be a big mistake. 你要是去问乔，那将是一大错误。For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法国去将使我感到很高兴。注：这类结构通常会借助形式主语来表达，即在句首使用形式主语，而将真正用作主语的for+宾语+不定式结构移至句末。如：It’s too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了，我买不起。It’s impossible for me to leave my family. 我是不可能离开家的。It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane. 坐飞机对她是—次新经历。—It’ll take time for her to recover from the illness. 她的病要很长时间才能痊愈。It took twenty minutes for the smoke to clear. 过了20分钟烟才散完。
2. 用作表语It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。His idea is for us to travel in separate cars. 他的意思是我们不要同乘一辆汽车。Our aim is for students to learn as quickly as possible. 我们的目的是让学生尽快学到东西。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我们能在一起。The simplest thing is for him to resign. 最简单的办法是他辞职。
3. 用作宾语She hates for people to feel sad. 她不愿看到人们忧心忡忡。They didn’t mean for her to read the letter. 他们并未打算让她看那封信。I would like for you to stay as long as you want. 我希望你留下来，想留多久就留多久。注：这类结构用作宾语的情形主要见于非正式的美国英语中，且主要限于like, hate, mean, intend等少数动词。不过，当有形式宾语时，这类结构用作宾语的情况倒是很普遍(注意形式宾语的使用)。如：He made it very difficult for us to refuse. 他弄得我们很难拒绝。I thought it strange for -FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">她这么晚还不回来，我觉得有些奇怪。
4．用作定语It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 是大家睡觉的时候了。There’s nothing for the cats to eat. 猫没有东西可吃了。Have you got something for me to do? 你给我找了什么事做吗? All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辞了。
5. 用作同位语He gave orders for one million military personnel to demobilize. 他命令100万军人复员。
6. 用作状语(1) 目的状语。如：目的状语。如：I can’t wait for them to finish talking. 我不能等到他们把话谈完。She opened the door for me to come in. 她开门让我进去。She looked up and nodded for me to come in. 她抬起头来，并点头让我进去。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 为了增加销量，我们必须降低价格。(2) 结果状语。如：The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字体太小，我不带眼镜就看不清。I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it. 但愿你能写得清楚点，我们好能看明白。(3) 条件状语。如：How would it do for me to write to him? 我来给他写信如何? (4) 比较状语。如：There's nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 没有什么比虐待小孩更恶劣的了。(5) 原因状语。如：They made it difficult for me to see her. 他们从中作梗，让我不易见到她。
经典句子
【经典句子】
1.In the lightof this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。
2.Though it may be possible tomeasure the value of material goods in terms of money,it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services whichpeople perform for us.
虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。
3.He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。
4.By having to sleep in the open,he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.
他是是经过考虑后特意选择了他所过的生活，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。
5.We often speak of tramps withcontempt and put them in the same class as beggars,but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious oftheir simple way of life and their freedom from care?
说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
相关flash和视频讲解
