(单词翻译:单击)
课文
【课文】
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
参考译文
【参考译文】
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作职业拳击手。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
词汇学习
1.Boxing n.拳击
2.boxer n.拳击手
3.bare adj. 赤裸的
with one's bare hands 赤手空拳
4.prizefighter n.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
5.crude adj.粗野的
6.marquis n.侯爵
7.technically adv.严格根据法律意义地
例句：But can it be enorced? The answer technically is no - it's a voluntary agreement and there are no penalties for those who don't control wages.
但是这些计划能够强制执行吗?严格的来说，答案是否定的——这是一个自愿性的协议，那些不遵守协议的俱乐部不会受到惩罚。
8.science n.科学
9.popularity n.名望
10.adore v.崇拜，爱戴
11.alike adv.一样地
12.fame n.名声
13.eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的
例句：He is of eminent literary talent and always improvises poems in public.
他文才极好，经常当众口占新诗。
14.bitterly adv.厉害地
They are now bitterly paying for their lack of vision.
由于缺乏远见，他们正在吃大亏。
15.bet v.打赌
16.academy n.专业学校
17.extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢移的
例句：The extravagant life of the lord makes a good contrast to the suffering life of the peasants.
贵族的奢华生活和农民的困苦形成了极为巨大的反差。
奢侈还有另外一个词luxury
18.poverty n.贫困
例句：She devoted her life to fighting poverty.
她一生都在与贫穷作斗争。
一般情况下用in poverty.
例句：This funds' aim is to help the children living in poverty.
这个基金的目的是帮助生活贫困的儿童。
课文讲解
1.Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
参考翻译：两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。
讲解：be popular相当于be in popularity，受欢迎。还可以说:be poplar with sb，受某人欢迎。
2.In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
参考翻译：当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。
讲解：with bare fists赤手空拳
3.One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
参考翻译：拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。
讲解：colourful figure这个词比较形象，指的是famous person。who was born in 1764是定语从句，对此人的出生年月做补充说明。
4.The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
参考翻译：1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
讲解：(1)introduce是引进的意思
This aquatic breeding farm is going to introduce hundreds of Leghornos.
这个养殖场准备引进几百只来航鸡。
(2)when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules是定语从句，表示时间，指的是1860年。
(3)draw up起草，拟定
We can draw up our plan in the light of the experience of other factories.
我们可以比照其它厂的做法拟定计划。
5.In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity.He was adored by rich and poor alike.
参考翻译：门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
讲解：(1)in his day=in his full time在他的全盛时期。
day还有另外一个特殊的用法：You make my day.你让我非常高兴。
(2)adore佩服，相当于admire。
I really adore him. He's so full of zap. 我真佩服他，精力那麽充沛!
(3)alike adv.相似的
suitable for old and young alike老少咸宜
We should distinguish between major and minor contradictions and not treat them all alike.
矛盾要分主次，不能一律看待。
6.Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
参考翻译：门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。
讲解：(1)rise to fame=become famous开始享负盛名
(2)attracted the attention of sb，吸引某人的注意。
(3)who was then the most……是定语从句。
7.The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
参考翻译：两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。
讲解：it was clear that……这句中，it是形式主语，避免头重脚轻。
It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
8.He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
参考翻译：他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
讲解：send sb to prison= throw sb into prison=put sb in prison 把……投入监狱
语法点
【语法点】
It was notuntil his third match in 1790 tha the finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
it is that 强调句型
下面总结强调句型的使用：
一、it强调句型的构成：
It+be+被强调部分+that(强调部分指人做主语时时用who，指人做宾语时用whom)+句子的其他部分。
例如：
Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
(强调主语)
It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)
It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)
It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)
注意：it强调句型不能强调句子的谓语。
二、not…until结构强调句型的构成：
It+be+not+until部分+that+句子的其他部分。
例如：
He didn't go to bed until his father came back..
变为强调句型为：
It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.注意原句中的didn't go部分中的not提前后，剩下did go变为went.
本文开头提到的两个句子都是not..until结构用于强调句型。那么把这两句话变回正常的语序则为：
1)…but he didn't make his most important discovery until after the war.
2)The importance of Fleming's discovery was not fully recognized until World War II.
三、特殊疑问句强调句型的构成：
特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陈述语序)
例如：
When did you receive the gift？
对特殊疑问词when做强调：
When was it that you received the gift？
注意此句中的received是由did加receive结合而成的。
经典句子
【经典句子】
1、 One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendozawho was borne in 1764.
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是Daniel Mendoza，他生于1764年。
2、 The use of gloves was notintroduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
3、 In his day, Mendozaenjoyed tremendous popularity.
在他的全盛时期，Mendoza享有很高的声誉。
4、 He was adored by rich and poor alike.
无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
5、 It was notuntil his third match in 1790 thathe finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。
6、 He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as￡100 for a single appearance.
他赚了大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。
相关flash和视频讲解
