(单词翻译:单击)
课文
【课文】
Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did Haywood make in times of peace?
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'
参考译文
【参考译文】
曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店，让他破产。榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶行径。早在14世纪，英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。
600年前，约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来，很快就出了名。意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期，当生意萧条时，霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦，纵火烧毁一两个农场，然后提出，如向他们缴纳保护金，他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱。尽管如此，意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时，佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生。
词汇讲解
1.gangster n.歹徒,强盗
2.protection n.保护
例句：He enjoyed a sense of peace and protection in his new home.
他在新家享受着和平和保护感。
3.promptly adv. 准时地
例句：After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
他把垫子在地板上一放,很快又睡着了。"
4.destroy v. 毁掉;消灭
例句：The houses were destroyed by a fire [a flood, an earthquake].
房屋被火灾[水灾, 地震]所毁。
5.remarkable adj. 不寻常的
例句：Science has made remarkable progress.
科学有了显著的进步。
6.hand n.帮,团伙
7.Florence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
8.city-state n.(古代)城邦
9.hire v. 租出,雇给
10.prince n.君主,诸候
11.Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人
12.funeral n. 葬礼
13.dedicate v.奉献,题献给
例句：I dedicate this volume tomy wife in token of affection and gratitude.
谨以本书献给我的妻子以表示爱意兴感谢。
14.memory n.纪念
15.valiant adj. 英勇的
例句：A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.
自家粪堆上，公鸡称英雄。
课文讲解
【课文讲解】
1.There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.'
pay large sums of money to sb向某人支付大笔费用，pay for是为某物或某事支付。
in return for换取，是从另外一个相关词组in return演化而来。例句：
He often took illegal cash payments from developers in return for.low - balling the cost of construction and renovation work(Boston Globe).
他经常从开发者那儿拿到非法的现金报酬，作为对他…虚报建筑和修复工程价格的回报(波士顿环球)
There was a time when后面引导的是时间状语从句。
2.If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
out of business歇业 例句：
In those hard times, the car factory had to go out of business.
困难时期汽车厂不得不关门。
destroy，damage,break,ruin的区别
这组词的共同意思是损坏，破坏。其区别是：
break指有形的或无形的东西被打破，弄碎；damage指不彻底地破坏，只是使其不能发挥正常作用；destroy指十分彻底地破坏，其后果不
能或很难修复；而ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复。
3.As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
remarkable a.不平常的, 值得注意的, 显著的
make a discovery有了什么发现。在一些科学研究中经常用到这个词组，比如：
He made an important discovery in 1990 about the universe.
他在1990年获得了关于宇宙的重大发现。
4.Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.
arrive in到达。settle是安居，定居的意思，还有解决问题的意思。
5.Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
whenever用来引导让步状语从句。
at war with作战。例句：The oil workers were at war with the Cossacks, the parliament was impotent, and a million workers were on strike.
石油工人和镇压他们的军队打仗，国会软弱无能，一百万工人罢工。
used to do sth过去常常做某事，而be used to do sth，是被用来做某事，be used to doing sth则是习惯做某事的意思。
who were willing to do sth宾语从句
6.Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
march into 长驱直入 Last century,many invaders marched into China and killed a lot of people.上世纪，侵略军长驱直入，杀害了许多中国人民。
burn down 烧毁。例句：I would burn my own house down before letting my ex-husband keep it. 我宁愿把房子烧掉也不想让我前夫得到。
7.When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'
dedicate to奉献给。例句：I would like to dedicate the song to my beloved wife. 我谨以此歌献给我的爱妻。
语法点
【语法点】
1.would rather……than……
would rather意思是宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式，其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。 如果在两者中进行取舍，表示宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例： I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意平行结构，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
2.arrive in和arrive at的区别归根到底是in和at的区别。
说at后接小地方，in后接大地方，未免有些笼统。其实，in和at的用法差异不是一个大小就可以说明的。例如：可以说arrive in a town，也可以说arrive at a town。这里不能简单地来说arrive in a town中的town比arrive at a town中的town大。
正确的理解应该是：
用in时，说话者强调人或物进入某地之内；用at时，说话者则强调人或物进入某地之点。 当这个某地较大时，表达之内的可能性自然增大，而当这个某地较小时，表达之点的可能性较大。
请看以下例句：
Then they arrived in the city.
When is your bus to arrive at the town?（对于bus、train、plane等交通工具来说，到达一个城市只是在其旅行线路上的一个点，故用at。）
有些地点前一般只能用at，因此只有arrive at的形式，例如：
arrive at the meeting, arrive at the cinema, arrive at home, etc.
还请注意有arrive on的形式，那是因为其后的名词前习惯需要用on。例如：
arrive on the moon, arrive on the top of the hill, etc.
经典句子
【经典句子】
1.As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
早在14世纪，英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。
2. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.
他80岁那年死去时，佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生。
相关flash和视频讲解
