arcane
【考法 1】 adj. （语言）晦涩的，隐晦的： having an often intentionally veiled or uncertain meaning
【例】 The rebate form uses arcane language, the only purpose of which seems to be to disqualify buyers from actually getting a rebate. 折扣单上的条文晦涩难懂，这样做的唯一目的也许就是让消费者不能真正地享受到折扣。
【近】 ambiguous, dark, elliptical, equivocal, murky, mysterious, mystic, nebulous, occult, opaque
【反】 accessible, clear, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 清晰明了的，明确的
【考法 2】 adj. 深奥的，难以理解的： difficult for one of ordinary knowledge or intelligence to understand
【例】 Grammatical rules seem extremely arcane to generations of students who were never taught grammar in the first place. 对那些从未学习过语法的几代学生来说，语法规则犹如天书。
【近】 abstruse, cryptic, deep, enigmatic, esoteric, hermetic, impenetrable, inscrutable, recondite, uncanny
【反】 easy, facile, shallow, simple, superficial 浅显易懂的
argument .
【考法 1】 n. 争吵，争论： an often noisy or angry expression of differing opinions
【例】 The couple's arguments were often loud enough to be heard all over the neighborhood. 这对夫妻吵架的声音往往大到能被邻居听见。
【近】 altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, hassle, imbroglio, quarrel, squabble, tiff, wrangle
【考法 2】 n. （逻辑上的）论证： a coherent series of statements leading from a premise to a conclusion
【例】 In his argument the author committed several logical fallacies which undermined its soundness. 在作者的论述中出现了若干逻辑谬误，从而降低了它论证的力度。
【近】 account, accounting, argumentation, case, explanation, rationale, reasoning
【考法 3】 n. 观点，论点： an idea or opinion that is put forth in a discussion or debate
【例】 It is and will always be my argument that we have too many problems here on earth to concern ourselves with manned trips to Mars. 我现在和以后的观点都将会是：在我们解决地球上的问题之前，不应该花太多的心思考虑载人火星计划的事情。
【近】 assertion, point, position, stand, thesis
array .
【考法 1】 n. 排列，阵列： a regular and imposing grouping or arrangement
【例】 a marching band's carefully choreographed array 前进中的乐队所摆出的经过复杂编排的方针
【近】 arrangement, disposal, disposition, distribution, ordering, sequence, setup
【反】 disorder, disorganization 混乱，无序
【考法 2】 vt. 排列，摆放： to arrange or display in or as if in an array
【例】 data arrayed in descending order 按照降序排列的数据‖arrayed his baseball cards in order of their rarity and consequent monetary value 把他的棒球卡按照稀有程度--也即价值排列
【近】 arrange, classify, codify, dispose, marshal, organize, range, systematize, draw up, lay out
【反】 derange, disarrange, disarray, disorder, mess, rumple, upset 弄乱，打乱
【考法 3】 vt. 装饰，装修： to dress or decorate especially in splendid or impressive attire
【例】 He had already arrayed himself in his best clothes. 他已经穿上了他最好的服装。‖a door arrayed for the holidays with a beautiful evergreen wreath 被美丽的常青花环妆点的节日大门
【近】 adorn, beautify, bedeck, bedizen, blazon, embellish, emblaze, emboss, enrich, garnish, ornament, trim
【反】 blemish, deface, disfigure, mar, scar, spoil 破坏，损毁
assail .
【考法 1】 vt. 抨击，严厉批评： to criticize harshly and usually publicly
【例】 The union organizers assailed the chemical company for failing to provide a safe working environment. 工会主席因为这家化工企业不能为员工提供安全的生产环境而对其进行了严厉的抨击。
【近】 abuse, bash, belabor, blast, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, savage, scathe, slam, trash, vituperate
【反】 acclaim, commend, compliment, hail, laud, praise 表扬，称赞
【考法 2】 vt. 攻击，猛攻： to take sudden, violent action against
【例】 He was assailed by a young man with a knife. 他被一个持刀的年轻人揍了一顿。
【近】 assault, attack, beset, charge, raid, rush, storm, strike, set on
【反】 defend, guard, protect, shield 防御，守卫
【派】 assailable adj. 易受攻击的
attest .
【考法 1】 vt. 证实，为…作证： to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factualness of
【例】 Her fine work attests her ability. 她的优秀作品能够证明她的能力。‖I can attest that she was at the party. 我可以为她当时在聚会上作证。
【近】 argue, authenticate, certify, corroborate, substantiate, support, testify, validate, verify, vindicate
【反】 contradict, disprove, gainsay, rebut, refute 反驳，否定
attune .
【考法 1】 vt. 使协调，使和谐： to bring into harmony
【例】 After years spent in academia, he found it difficult to attune himself to the corporate culture. 在学术圈摸爬滚打多年之后，他发现自己很难融入企业文化之中。
【近】 accommodate, conciliate, conform, coordinate, key, reconcile
【反】 disharmonize 使不和谐；disarray, disorder, disorganize, disrupt 弄乱，打乱
【派】 attunement n. 调音，协调
auspicious .
【考法 1】 adj. 好兆头的： pointing toward a happy outcome
【例】 began the season with an auspicious win against their strongest football rival 在赛季之初就战胜了最强的对手，为整个赛季赢得了好兆头
【近】 bright, encouraging, golden, heartening, hopeful, promising, propitious
【反】 baleful, dark, direful, doomy, foreboding, gloomy, menacing, minatory, ominous, portentous, sinister, threatening 不详的，凶兆的
austere .
【考法 1】 adj. 朴素的，朴实无华： markedly simple or unadorned
【例】 For the private office of the CEO of the large corporation, the room is unexpectedly austere. 出人意料的是，大公司总裁的私人办公室居然十分朴素。
【近】 plain, spartan, stark, unadorned
【反】 deluxe, lavish, luxurious, plush, sumptuous 奢华的；elaborate, fancy 花哨的
【考法 2】 adj. 严肃的，令人生畏的： stern and cold in appearance or manner
【例】 an austere fortress at the top of some formidable cliffs 建立在悬崖峭壁之上的一座令人畏惧的堡垒‖In his memory his deceased grandfather is an austere, distant, cold person. 在他的记忆之中，已过世的祖父是一个严肃、冷漠而难以接近的人。
【近】 dour, fierce, flinty, forbidding, formidable, gruff, intimidating, lowering, rough, rugged, severe, steely
【反】 benign, benignant, gentle, mild, tender 和蔼的，温柔的
bash .
【考法 1】 n. 猛击： a forceful blow
【例】 He has not been the same ever since he received that bash on his head. 自从他脑袋被别人打了之后，他就变得大不一样。
【近】 bang, bat, beat, crack, hit, knock, lash, poke, pound, punch, slam, slap, smash, spank, stroke, swat
【考法 2】 vt. 攻击，用力击打： to strike violently and often repeatedly
【例】 The angry child kept bashing her toy with a hammer until it broke. 愤怒的小孩用锤子不断地敲击她的玩具，直到它彻底被破坏。
【近】 baste, batter, buffet, hammer, lace, maul, nail, smash, strike
【考法 3】 vt. 抨击，严厉批评： to criticize harshly and usually publicly
【例】 In all of talk radio no other host seems to enjoy bashing liberals as much as he does. 在电台节目再没有像他一样热衷于抨击自由主义者的主持人了。
【近】 abuse, assail, belabor, blast, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, savage, scathe, slam, trash, vituperate
【反】 acclaim, commend, compliment, hail, laud, praise 表扬，称赞
bask .
【考法 1】 vi. 休息，悠然自得： to lie or relax in a pleasant warmth or atmosphere
【例】 We blissfully basked at the seashore over the long holiday. 我们在海滩上躺着晒太阳，享受着漫长的假期。
【近】 loll, lounge, relax, repose
【反】 drudge, grind, hustle, labor, moil, plod, slave, sweat, toil, travail, work （辛苦地）干活，工作