unwonted
【考法 1】 adj. 不习惯的，不寻常的： not habitual or ordinary; unusual
【例】 honored for the unwonted courage he showed in battle 因在战争中表现出的过人的勇气受到嘉奖
【近】 uncommon, unordinary, unusual
【反】 wonted, usual, routine, habitual, accustomed, customary 平常的
upbraid
【考法 1】 vt.（严厉地）谴责，责骂： to reproach severely
【例】 upbraid sb. with his ingratitude 责备某人忘恩负义
【近】 baste, scold, revile, berate, vituperate
【反】 laud, extol, glorify, hymn, magnify, panegyrize, flatter, fawn, cringe, adulterate 赞扬
uphold
【考法 1】 vt. 支持，赞成： to give support to
【例】 determined to uphold her views in the face of all challenges 下定决心支持她的观点，尽管全世界都反对她
【近】 support, bolster, advocate, champion, endorse, espouse
urbane
【考法 1】 adj. 彬彬有礼的，文雅的： notably polite or finished in manner
【例】 a gentlemanly and urbane host of elegant dinner parties 优雅晚宴的主人有绅士风度，彬彬有礼
【近】 debonair, civilized, genteel, cultivated, cultured, polished, refined, well-bred, courteous, gracious
【反】 boorish, churlish, classless, clownish, loutish, uncouth 粗鲁的
usurp
【考法 1】 vt. 篡夺，篡位： to seize and hold (the power or rights of another, for example) by force and without legal authority
【例】 usurp the throne 篡夺王位
【近】 arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, pirate, preempt, press, seize, take over
【反】 abdicate, crown 退位，授予职位
utter
【考法 1】 vt. 出声，说话： to articulate (words); pronounce or speak
【例】 She tried not to utter a sound as the doctor gave her a flu shot. 她克制自己不在打针的时候喊出来。
【近】 articulate, bring out, enunciate, verbalize, vocalize
【考法 2】 adj. 完全的，绝对的： complete; absolute; entire
【例】 be at an utter loss what to do 完全不知道怎样才好
【近】 entire, total, stark, sheer, unqualified
【反】 partial 部分的
vaccinate
【考法 1】 v. 预防接种： to inoculate with a vaccine in order to produce immunity to an infectious disease, such as diphtheria or typhus
【例】 vaccinate sb. for smallpox 为某人接种牛痘疫苗以防天花
【近】 immunize
vacillate
【考法 1】 vi. 犹豫不决： to waver in mind, will, or feeling: hesitate in choice of opinions or courses
【例】 Parents vacillate between saying no and yes, but actually neither response seems satisfactory to their children. 父母总是犹豫不定，不知道是该同意还是该反对，但是事实上哪种答案对他们的孩子都不理想。
【近】 hesitate, dither, waver, teeter, falter
【反】 resolute, decide, dive in, plunge in 决定
【考法 2】 vi. 摇动，摇摆： to sway from one side to the other; oscillate
【近】 oscillate, fluctuate
【反】 equipoise 平衡；静止
vacuous
【考法 1】 adj. 茫然的，愚蠢的： marked by lack of ideas or intelligence
【例】 a movie that was derided for its vacuous dialogue 一部因为对白十分愚蠢而被嘲讽的电影
【近】 airhead, brainless, dull, dumb, fatuous, foolish, inane, moronic, obtuse, simple, stupid, witless
【反】 apt, bright, brilliant, clever, intelligent, keen, sharp, smart 聪明的
【派】 vacuity n. 空虚，空白
vagary
【考法 1】 n. 不可预测的思想或行为： an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion
【例】 Recently he had been prone to strange vagaries. 最近他逐渐变得行为古怪起来。
【近】 caprice, fancy, freak, humor, vagrancy, whimsy