汉译英试题训练

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
中国的货币不仅历史悠久而且种类繁多，形成了独特的货币文化。中国最早的货币是海贝，大概出现在夏代。到了春秋时期(the Spring Autumn Period)，由于各个地区社会条件和文化的差异,人们使用不同的货币。秦朝的建立统一了中国混乱的货币系统，人们开始使用铜钱(copper coins)。北宋时期，世界上最早的纸币交子(Jiaozi)出现了。白银在明清时期成为了法定的流通货币，小额交易则往往用铜钱。货币的形式的不断变化展现了中国商业的发展，是中国古代文明的重要组成部分。

翻译及详解

参考翻译:

Chinese currency has a long history and a vast variety, which forms a unique monetary culture. The earliest currency of China was seashell, which probably appeared in the Xia Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, diverse currencies were used owing to the differences in social conditions and cultures in different regions. The establishment of Qin Dynasty unified the chaotic Chinese monetary system and people began to use copper coins. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi, the world's first paper currency, appeared Silver became the legal currency in circulation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while copper coins were often used in small transactions. The changing form of currency showed the development of Chinese business, which was an important part of Chinese ancient civilization.

翻译讲解

1.第一句可将“中国的货币不仅历史悠久而且种类繁多”译成句子主干，“形成了独特的货币文化”则处理成 which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主干句子。
2.这段话的主题是“货币”，故翻译第5句“到了春秋时期…”时，可将汉语的主动句译为英语的被动句，以货币作主语。“由于…”译作owing to...，作原因状语后置。
3.翻译倒数第二句时，“小额交易则往往用铜钱”中的“则”，暗含对比关系，可处理成while连接的并列句。while作并列连词用。意为“然而”表对比。
4.最后一句中，“是中国古代文明的重要组成部分”可以使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句“货币的形式的不断变化展现了中国商业的发展”。