shun
【考法 1】 vt. 避开，避免： to avoid deliberately; keep away from
【例】 After his divorce he found himself being shunned by many of his former friends. 自从他离婚以来，他发现许多曾经的朋友都刻意躲着他。
【近】 avoid, dodge, duck, elude, eschew, evade, finesse, scape, shirk
【反】 accept, embrace, welcome 接受，欢迎；pursue, seek 追寻
sidestep
【考法 1】 vt. （通过逃避而）不遵守： to avoid having to comply with (something) especially through cleverness
【例】 The eager enlistee sidestepped the regulations by lying about his age. 急切的应募者通过谎报自己的年龄躲过了规定的限制。
【近】 beat, bypass, dodge, shortcut, skirt
【反】 comply, follow, keep, obey, observe 遵守
signal
【考法 1】 adj. （在重要性、成就方面）非同寻常的： standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement
【例】 The Louisiana Purchase is cited by many historians as one of the most signal events in American history.
从法国手中购买路易斯安那被许多历史学家认为是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。‖a signal feat 一项非同寻常伟业
【近】 distinguished, illustrious, luminous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prestigious, redoubtable
【反】 average, inferior, mediocre 一般的，低下的；insignificant, minor, unimportant 不重要的
【考法 2】 v. 给出信号： to direct or notify by a movement or gesture
【例】 They signaled at me to come over to their table. 他们向我打招呼要我到他们那桌去。‖A lock on the suitcase might signal that there's something of value inside. 手提箱上的锁可能意味着其中有贵重物品。
【近】 beckon, flag, gesture, wave
simpleton
【考法 1】 n. （缺乏常识的）笨蛋： a person lacking in common sense; a stupid person
【例】 His silly antics at office parties have earned him a reputation as a simpleton. 他在办公室聚会上愚蠢的古怪行为让他被人认为是个蠢货。
【近】 airhead, dolt, donkey, dullard, fool, idiot, moron
【反】 intellectual, sage, wit 智者；genius, prodigy 天才
simulate
【考法 1】 v. 假装，模仿： to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of; imitate
【例】 cosmetics that simulate a suntan 用来模仿晒黑效果的化妆品
【近】 act, affect, assume, counterfeit, dissemble, fake, imitate, pretend, profess, sham
【考法 2】 v. 模拟： to create a representation or model of (a physical system or particular situation)
【例】 carrying out an experiment to simulate weightlessness 进行了模拟失重状态的实验
sin
【考法 1】 n. 罪恶的事： an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible; morally unacceptable
【例】 It's a sin to waste food when people are starving. 当有人还在挨饿时浪费食物是一种罪过。
【近】 bad, evildoing, ill, immorality, iniquity, villainy, wrong
【反】 good, morality, right, virtue 美德，美好的行为
【派】 sinful adj. 罪恶的，有罪的
sincere
【考法 1】 adj. 真诚的，不做作的： being without hypocrisy or pretense; true
【例】 She offered a sincere apology for her angry outburst. 她为她先前的盛怒表示诚挚的歉意。
【近】 artless, genuine, heartfelt, honest, ingenuous, innocent, natural, real, true, unaffected, unfeigned
【反】 affected, artful, artificial, assuming, dissembling, fake, guileful, insincere, phony, pretentious 做作的，假装的
sinecure
【考法 1】 n. 美差： an office or position that requires little or no work and that usually provides an income
【例】 a lucrative sinecure in a big law firm 在大法律公司高报酬的美差
【反】 drudge, drudgery, moil, sweat, toil, travail 艰苦的工作，苦活
sinew
【考法 1】 n. 活力，力量： vigorous strength; muscular power
【例】 Money is the sinew of love as well as war. 爱情和战争都要用金钱来保证。
【近】 energy, firepower, force, horsepower, might, muscle, potency, power, puissance, strength, vigor
【反】 impotence, impotency, powerlessness, weakness 无力，虚弱
singe
【考法 1】 vt. 轻微烧焦： to burn superficially or lightly
【例】 The iron is too hot, and you'll singe the nightdress. 熨斗太烫了，你会把睡衣烫坏的。‖The marshmallows got a bit singed over the campfire, but we like them that way. 棉花糖因为营火而有些许烧焦，但我们还是很喜欢它的味道。
【近】 char, scorch, sear
【反】 incinerate 烧成灰烬