distain

【考法1】v. 贬损，伤害名誉：loss of honor, respect, or reputation

【近】dishonor,belittle, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, degrade

【反】praise,acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud 赞扬

【考法2】v. 弄脏：to make dirty

【例】handsdistained with blood 被血弄脏的手

【近】bemire,besmirch, daub, muddy, smirch, smudge, soil, stain, sully

【反】clean 使干净

distal

【考法1】adj. 远离中心的，（神经）末梢的：situated away fromthe point of attachment or origin or a central point

【例】the distalend of nerve 神经末梢

【反】proximal 接近中心的

distend

【考法1】v. 膨胀：to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure

【例】Thestomachs of starving people often distend. 饥民的肚子经常涨起来。

【近】expand,dilate, inflate, swell

【反】constrict,compress 收缩压缩

distill

【考法1】vt. 用蒸馏法提高纯度：to increase the concentration of, separate, or purify by or as if bydistillation.

【例】distillthe water before pouring it in the steam iron 在把水倒到熨斗里前蒸馏一下

【近】purify,filter, refine, fine

【派】distillaten. 蒸馏物，纯化物，本质：apurified form; an essence

【考法2】v. 渗出；滴下：to fall or let fall in or as if in drops

【例】Thebasement walls distill water every time it rains heavily. 地下室的墙壁每次下大雨都渗出水来。

【近】distill,dribble, drop, trickle

distort

【考法1】vt. 扭曲，歪曲：to twist out of the true meaning or proportion

【例】A paintermay exaggerate or distort shapes and forms. 画家可能夸张或扭曲形状。|| The coach's message

was so distorted after passing through somany people that it was unintelligible. 教练的信息在经过许多人传递后

已经被歪曲的很难看懂了。

【近】deform,misshape, torture, falsify, misinterpret, misrepresent, pervert, twist

distract

【考法1】vt. 转移兴趣，使分心：to draw or direct (as one's attention) to a different object

【例】bedistracted by a sudden noise 被突然的噪音分心

【近】abstract,divert, detract, call off

【派】distractedadj. 精力分散的

【反】rapt 全心投入的

【考法2】vt. 使焦虑，使不安：to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy

【例】Thestudents are easily distracted before the exam. 学生们在考试前很容易焦虑不安。

【近】agitate,bother, discomfort, discompose, dismay, disquiet, distress, perturb, upset

【反】calm,compose, quiet, soothe, tranquilize 平息抚慰

【考法3】adj. 疯狂的：insane, mad

【近】insane,delirious, hysterical

distraught

【考法1】adj. 精神狂乱的，极疯狂的：deeply agitated, as fromemotional conflict; insane

【例】Herdistraught mother had spent all night waiting by the phone. 她母亲忧心如焚，在电话旁守了一个晚上。

【近】agitated,delirious, distracted, frenzied, hysterical

【反】collected,composed, recollected, self-collected, self-composed, self-possessed 镇静的，平静的

diurnal

【考法1】adj. 白天发生或行动的：occurring or active duringthe daytime rather than at night

【例】diurnalanimals 昼行性动物

【反】nocturnal 夜晚的

【考法2】adj. 每天的：occurring, done, produced, orappearing every day

【例】a love asconstant and certain as the diurnal tides 像每天潮汐一样始终如一的爱情

【近】daily,day-to-day,

【考法3】adj. 期刊：a publication that appears atregular intervals

【例】Amicrofilm contains a collection of diurnals. 一个微缩胶片里包含很多期刊的合集。

【近】bulletin,magazine, periodical, review, serial, journal

diverge

【考法1】v. 改变方向：to change one's course or direction

【例】The deerabruptly diverged from its intended path the moment it spied the waiting lion. 当那只鹿发现潜伏

的狮子的时候就突然改变了自己原来的路线。

【近】detour,deviate, diverge, sheer, swerve, turn off

【考法2】vt. 散开：to go or move in different directions from a central point

【例】At thatpoint the road and the railroad tracks diverge. 公路和铁路在那个点分叉了。

【近】branchout, divide, spread

【反】converge,join 会合

【考法3】v. 分歧：to become or be different in character or form: differ in opinion

【近】differ,disagree

【反】conform 遵从

【考法4】vt. 离题：to depart from a set course or norm; deviate

【近】excurse,ramble, diverge, get off the subject

diversity

【考法1】n. 多样性：variety or multiformity

【例】thediversity of species 物种的多样性

【近】diverseness, multifariousness, multiplicity, variousness , miscellaneousness

【考法2】n. 分歧，不同点：the quality or state of being different

【例】There isno fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。

【近】contrast,disagreement, discrepancy, disparateness, disparity, dissimilarity,dissimilitude, distinction, otherness, unlikeness