(单词翻译:单击)
Conversation Two
对话2
Hello Feifei.
你好，菲菲。
Hello Rob.
你好，罗布。
Today we’re talking about quite a controversial subject： the use of experimental drugs to treat disease.
今天我们谈论的是一个颇具争议性的话题：使用实验性药物治疗疾病。
And experimental drugs are a very hot topic with the recent cases of Ebola in West Africa.
随着最近西非出现埃博拉病例，实验性药物成为一个非常热门的话题。
Ebola is caused by a virus for which there is no cure yet, and the mortality rate is high.
埃博拉是由一种目前还没有治愈方法的病毒引起的疾病，致死率很高。
Hundreds of people have been infected in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and over half have died.
几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂已有数百人感染，超过一半的人已经死亡。
So—the World Health Organization decided to allow the use of experimental drugs on people with the virus.
因此，世界卫生组织决定允许对埃博拉病毒携带者使用实验性药物。
The virus Ebola got its name after a river in the northern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
埃博拉病毒是以刚果民主共和国北部一条河流的名称而命名。
But when was it discovered?
但它是什么时候被发现的？
Well, I’m not really sure.
嗯，我不是很确定。
Well, we’ll have the answer at the end of the programme.
好的，我们将在节目结束时得到答案。
The World Health Organization (the WHO) announced they would allow the use of these drugs on humans, but...only under certain conditions.
世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布他们将允许在人类身上使用这些药物，但是……只有在特定的条件下才可使用。
I wonder what would happen if it didn’t work or if the patient had a bad reaction—might they sue the doctor?
我想知道如果它不起作用或者如果病人有不良反应会发生什么--他们会起诉医生吗？
That’s a very interesting point.
这是一个非常有趣的观点。
The Health Minister of Liberia, Walter Gwenigale, has already said that people won’t be allowed to sue if the drug doesn’t work or if it makes them worse.
利比里亚卫生部长沃尔特·格韦尼盖尔已经表示，如果药物不起作用或使病情恶化，将不允许人们起诉。
He’s very direct： neither the government nor the doctors are liable.
他非常直截了当：政府和医生都没有责任。
And that’s why if you are infected with the virus you have to sign a waiver.
这就是为什么如果你感染了病毒，你必须签署一份弃权书。
A waiver. This is a formal document in which the person says they’ve given up a right or claim—in this case, the right to take others to court.
弃权书。这是一种正式的文件，当事人在这种文件中表示他们已经放弃某项权利或索赔——在目前这个例子中，就是放弃将他人告上法庭的权利。
Yes. That’s right.
是的。没错。
So, people who are infected with Ebola can talk to a doctor, sign this document, this waiver, and get the medicine...
因此，感染埃博拉病毒的人可以与医生交谈，签署这份文件，这份弃权书，并获得药物……
Well, not exactly—because not everyone gets it.
嗯，不完全是--因为不是每个人都明白这一点。
Now, let’s get back to our quiz.
现在，让我们回到我们的测验中来。
I asked you when the Ebola virus was discovered.
我问过你埃博拉病毒是什么时候发现的。
It was discovered in 1976.
它是于1976年被发现的。
Interestingly we don’t know which animal carries the Ebola virus, although bats have long been suspected and this makes prevention and controlling Ebola quite difficult.
有趣的是，我们不知道哪种动物携带埃博拉病毒，尽管我们一直怀疑是蝙蝠，这使得预防和控制埃博拉病毒变得相当困难。
