Lesson 11
第11课
gloomy
a. 忧郁的；令人沮丧的；昏暗的
The gloomy damp weather and her gloomy face took away my appetite.
阴沉潮湿的天气和她哭丧着的脸让我食欲全无。
humanity
n. 人类，(总称)人；人性；人道；(pl.)人文学科
Humanity is a mixture of good and bad qualities.
人性是善与恶的混合体。
eligible
a. 有恰当资格的；合适的
Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
超过18岁就有选举资格。
evoke
vt. 唤起，引起，使人想起
The Grapes of Wrath is a novel that evokes the Depression in accurate detail.
《愤怒的葡萄》是一部以精确的细节再现大萧条时期情景的小说。
incentive
n. 刺激，鼓励
Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.
在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的激励因素。
fake
n. 假货；骗子 a. 假的 vt. 伪造；伪装
Many evil merchants swindle the customers by imposing fake goods on them to make profits.
为了赚钱，许多无良商人用假冒伪劣商品坑害消费者。
initiate
vt. 开始；使初步了解；接纳 n. 新加入组织的人
China initiated her reforms in every field in 1978 based on Deng Xiaoping's conceptions.
中国从1978年开始根据邓小平的构想启动各个领域的改革。
migrate
vi. 迁徙；移居
Some birds migrate to find warmer weather.
有些鸟迁徙以寻找更温暖的气候。
leaflet
n. 传单 v. 散发传单
Many salesmen stood by the roadside to hand out the leaflets for their products to passers-by.
很多促销人员站在路边向路人散发产品广告传单。
prescription
n. 处方；开处方
I can never read doctors' prescriptions.
我从来看不懂医生写的处方。
intricate
a. 错综复杂的
Inside the machine is an intricate arrangement of wires.
机器里面是错综复杂地连接在一起的电线。
profitable
a. 有利可图的，有益的
Investigations revealed that selling genuine goods at a fair price can be more profitable in the long run.
调查显示，从长远来看，货真价实的经营能赚取更多的利润。
notorious
a. 臭名昭着的
English soccer fans are notorious for their craziness and barbarism.
英国球迷因他们的疯狂和野蛮而臭名昭着。
overlap
v. （与…）部分重叠 n. 重叠
Tiles on the roof overlap one another.
屋顶上的瓦片相互交搭在一起。
symposium
n. 讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集
A symposium is a meeting or conference for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations.
研讨会即讨论某一论题的聚会或会议，尤指参与者既为听众、又做演讲的聚会或会议。
perpetual
a. 永恒的；没完没了的
Nina's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.
尼娜没完没了的抱怨几乎把我逼疯了。
subjective
a. 主观（上）的，个人的
His decision was completely subjective and did not take the wishes of the other members into consideration.
他的决定非常主观，根本没考虑其他成员的意愿。
shrewd
a. 敏锐的，精明的
However shrewd a businessman is, it is impossible that he has never lost money.
再精明的生意人也不可能从不亏钱。
recipe
n. 烹饪法，食谱；方法，秘诀
What's your recipe for a happy marriage?
你认为幸福婚姻有什么秘方？
revelation
n. 被揭示的真相，（惊人的）新发现；揭示
The revelation that the world is round once surprised people.
揭示出地球是圆的事实曾使人们大为惊讶。
administer
vt. 掌管；实施；给予
In many Japanese homes, as in many Chinese ones, money is administered by the wife.
和许多中国家庭一样，日本的很多家庭也是由妻子掌握财政大权的。
circulation
n. 循环，流通；流传；发行量
The Internet, it seems, has increased the free circulation of ideas.
互联网的出现似乎加速了思想的自由交流。
ascend
vi. 渐渐上升，升高 vt. 攀登，登上
The rocket ascended into the sky until it disappeared altogether.
火箭高高地飞向天空直至完全消失。
toss
vt. 抛；猛抬（头）；拌；（up）掷（钱币）；使摇动 vi. （up）掷钱币来决定；翻来覆去 n. 掷钱币来决定；猛抬头
Let's toss (up)/toss a coin to decide who will pay the bill.
我们抛硬币决定谁付账吧。
verdict
n. 裁定；定论，判断性意见
After a week the jury had still not reached a verdict.
一周过去了，陪审团仍然没能做出一致的裁决。
compensate
v. 补偿
Nothing can compensate for the loss of time.
虚度的光阴是无法补偿的（光阴一去不复返）。
conscientious
a. 认真的，勤勤恳恳的，尽责的
Be conscientious and make a good job of publishing.
要认真做好出版工作。
culminate
vi. （in）（以…）告终
His hard work culminated in his admission into that famous college.
他经过努力学习，终于被那所着名大学录取。
dissipate
vi. 消散 vt. 使消散；挥霍
The wind finally dissipated the smoke.
风最终驱散了烟雾。
embark
vi. 上船（或飞机等）；（on, upon）开始工作
The railways are about to embark on a major programme of modernization.
铁路部门将要开始一项大型的现代化规划。
grief
n. 悲伤；悲伤的事
Friendships multiply joys and divide grieves.
友谊增进欢乐，分担忧愁。
exemplify
vt. 是…的典型；举例证明
The modern spirit of revolt was best exemplified by the work of Kafka and Freud.
卡夫卡和弗洛伊德的作品是现代反叛精神的最佳典型。
feeble
a. 虚弱的，无力的；无效的
One will feel feeble when he is ill.
人生病的时候会感到虚弱。
hurl
vt. 猛投，力掷；大声叫骂
The naughty boy hurled a stone at my window and I hurled curses at him.
那个顽皮的小男孩向我的窗户扔石子，我狠狠地对他大声叫骂。
incidentally
ad. 顺便提一句
Incidentally, your proposal will be open to the discussion at the meeting.
顺便提一句，你的建议将在会议上进行讨论。
inspiration
n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.
诗人与艺术家往往从自然界得到灵感。
intrinsic
a. 本质的，内在的
He admitted the intrinsic merits of my idea, but said it would need a lot of refinement.
他承认我提的意见的内在价值，但又说还需要做大量细致的改进。
reconcile
vt. 使协调；使和解；（to）使顺从（于）
The couple were finally reconciled when the husband apologized.
丈夫道歉后这对夫妇终于言归于好。
nutrition
n. 营养
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.
均衡的饮食使你的身体获得营养。
mingle
vt. 使混合vi. 混合起来；相交往
It was said that Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty often left the palace and mingled unknown with common people.
据说清朝的康熙皇帝经常离开皇宫与老百姓混在一起而不被人发觉。
profound
a. 深度的，深远的；知识渊博的；深奥的
The young man made a profound impression on me in the interview.
在面试中，那个年轻人给我留下了深刻的印象。
perplex
vt. 使困惑，使费解
Modern men are often perplexed by what to do.
现代人常常感到非常困惑，不知如何是好。
liability
n. 责任；(pl.)负债；不利条件
The driver admitted his liability for the accident.
司机承认自己对这起事故负有责任。
subordinate
a. 下级的；（to）次要的 n. 下级 vt. 使从属于
The minority is subordinate to the majority.
少数服从多数。
overwhelming
a. 势不可挡的；巨大的
I can hardly resist the overwhelming temptation.
我几乎不能抗拒如此巨大的诱惑。
preside
vi. （at, over）主持，主管
Whoever presides at the meeting will need patience and tact.
无论谁主持会议，都既要有耐性，又要机敏老练。
signify
vt. 表示…的意思，预示
A fever usually signifies that there is something wrong with the body.
发烧通常预示着身体有毛病。
revenge
n. 报复 vt. 为…报仇
Hamlet revenged his father's death.
哈姆雷特为他死去的父亲报了仇。
tragic
a. 悲惨的；悲剧（性）的
The most tragic of all was he didn't realize his illegal behavior.
最可悲的是，他竟然不知道自己的行为是违法的。
allege
vt. 断言，宣称
Saddam's bodyguard is alleged to have betrayed him.
据称是萨达姆的保镖出卖了他。
versatile
a. 多才多艺的；多功能的
Andy Lau is a versatile actor who has played a wide variety of parts.
刘德华是个多才多艺的演员，扮演过各种各样的角色。
ascribe
vt. （to）把…归因于；把…归属于
The government ascribed the fire to carelessness.
政府将火灾归因于疏忽大意。
cling
vi. （to）紧紧抓住（或抱住）；黏着；依恋；坚持
The little boy clung to his mother's skirt in fear.
小男孩害怕得抓住母亲的裙子。
complement
n. 补充；编制名额；补（足）语 vt. 补充
Love is the complement of the law.
爱的精神是法律的补充物。
tangle
v.（使）乱作一团 n. 混乱；复杂的问题（或形势）
The power failure had traffic tangled in the city.
电力的中断使城市内的交通陷入混乱状态。
conserve
vt. 保护，保存
We must conserve our forests if we are to make sure of a future supply of wood.
为保证未来木材的供应，我们必须保护森林。
cumulative
a. 累积的，渐增的
The cumulative effects of many illnesses made grandpa a weak man.
多种疾病长期的折磨使祖父虚弱不堪。
destiny
n. 命运；定数，天命
Do you believe marriage is the result of destiny?
你认为婚姻是命中注定的吗？
distort
vt. 曲解；使变形 vi. 变形
Stop distorting what I said.
不要曲解我的话。
hypothesis
n. 假说，前提
This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments.
这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。
empirical
a. 经验的，经验主义的
Many empirical results supported the hypothesis.
很多经验性结论都可证明该假设成立。
indefinite
a. 无限期的；含糊的
He gave me an indefinite answer.
他含糊其辞地回答了我。
expedition
n. 出行，远征；探险队；迅速
Quite a few Chinese scientists have made several scientific expeditions to Antarctica.
已有很多中国科学家对南极进行过好几次科学考察。
hamper
vt. 妨碍 n. （有盖的）大篮子
Many modernists think that rhyme and metre hamper the poet's free expression.
很多现代派诗人认为韵律妨碍了诗人的自由发挥。
flap
n. 片状垂悬物；飘动，（翅的）振动；慌乱状态 v. 拍动，飘动；振翅
Everything was going on smoothly; there was no flap.
一切都很顺利，没有出现慌乱现象。
obedient
a. 服从的，顺从的
Do all parents like obedient and well-behaved children?
所有父母都喜欢顺从和循规蹈矩的孩子吗？
intuition
n. 直觉
Most women believe they have the sixth sense, and they like to depend on their intuition to judge.
大多数女人相信自己有第六感，她们喜欢凭直觉对事情做出判断。
persistent
a. 坚持不懈的；持续的
The persistent suitor made persistent efforts and succeeded eventually.
这个百折不挠的求婚者经过执着的努力，终于如愿以偿。
instal(l)ment
n. 分期付款；（分期连载的）部分
Many white-collar workers buy houses in installments.
许多白领人士用分期付款的方式买房子。
linear
a. 线的，直线的；长度的；线性的
The pupil made great efforts to work out the linear equation.
那个小学生费了九牛二虎之力去解这个一次方程式。
prestige
n. 威信，威望
The old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.
历史悠久的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。
skeptical
a. 表示怀疑的
Many Americans took skeptical attitude toward the rationality of American war on Iraq.
许多美国人对美国攻打伊拉克的合理性持怀疑态度。
paradox
n. 似乎矛盾而（可能）正确的说法；自相矛盾的人（或事物）
Your answer to the question is full of paradox.
你对这个问题的回答矛盾百出。
refrain
vi. （from）抑制，戒除 n. 叠句
They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence.
他们呼吁抗议者们不要采取暴力行动。
miniature
a. 小型的 n. 微小的模型；微型画
This is a detailed miniature of the Titanic.
这是泰坦尼克号邮轮的精细小模型。
prolong
vt. 延长，拉长，拖延
The Congress agreed to prolong the MFN (most-favored-nation) treatment to Vietnam by one year.
美国国会决定将对越南的最惠国待遇再延长一年。
subscribe
vi. （to）订阅；同意 vt. 捐助
What newspapers have you subscribed for?
你订阅了哪些报纸？
transaction
n. 交易，业务
All transactions, from banking to shopping, can be performed electronically.
所有的交易活动，从跑银行到买东西，都可通过电脑来完成。
revision
n. 修订，修正；修订本；复习
To keep pace with times, the law is in need of frequent revision.
为了与时俱进，法律需要不断地修订。
temperament
n. 性格
Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on his temperament.
一个人是否喜欢做一成不变的办公室工作很大程度上取决于他的性格。