Lesson 19
第19课
competence
n. 能力，胜任
The secretary has enough competence, but not much initiative.
这位秘书有足够的能力，但不够主动。
directory
n. 人名地址录，（电话）号码簿
You can find the telephone number and address of any company in the directory.
在电话簿上可以找到任何公司的电话号码和地址。
compartment
n. 卧车包房，（客车车厢内的）隔间；分隔的空间
Smoking is forbidden in the air-conditioned compartments.
空调车厢内严禁吸烟。
envisage
vt. 想象，设想
Nobody can envisage the consequences of a nuclear war.
没有人能想象得出核战争带来的后果。
cynical
a. 愤世嫉俗的，怀疑的
indicative
a. （of）标示的，指示的；陈述的 n. 陈述语气
Is a high forehead indicative of great mental power?
前额高表示有大智慧吗？
hover
vi. 翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；犹豫
Some birds hover when they look for animals to kill on the ground.
有些鸟在寻杀地上的动物时，会在空中盘旋。
erosion
n. 腐蚀；削弱
foam
n. 泡沫；泡沫材料 vi. 起泡沫
The waves break into foams against the rocks.
波浪在岩石上撞成了泡沫。
graphic
a. 生动的；图表的
In Hemingway's novels there are graphic descriptions of battles.
在海明威的小说中有生动的战争场面的描写。
inertia
n. 不活动，惰性；惯性
Because of the inertia,the train cannot stop instantly.
由于惯性，火车不能说停就停。
migrant
n. 移居者，移民；候鸟，迁移动物
Migrant workers move from city to city in search of work.
流动工人为了寻找工作从一个城市移居到另一个城市。
likelihood
n. 可能，可能性
Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an event's occurrence.
概率是对一个事件发生的可能性的数学研究。
inflict
vt. （on, upon）把…强加给，使遭受
The U.S. always inflicts its concept of human rights on other nations.
美国总是把自己的人权观念强加于别国。
notation
n. 记号，标记法
Binary notation is used in the computer language.
计算机语言使用二进制。
renaissance
n. (the R-)（欧洲14至16世纪的）文艺复兴；（文学、艺术等的）复兴
The Renaissance is the period of revival in history, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
文艺复兴时期是历史上从大约14世纪到16世纪的复兴时期，标志着从中世纪到现代的过渡。
premature
a. 比预期（或正常）时间早的；（做法等）不成熟的
I had been a little too premature in coming to this conclusion.
做出这样的结论，我有点太草率。
orthodox
a. 传统的；正统的
The young generation today don't like orthodox teaching.
当今的年轻一代不喜欢正统的说教。
predecessor
n. 前任，前辈；前身
My present car is much better than its predecessor.
我现在的汽车比原来的那辆好得多。
repertoire
n. （剧团、演员等的）全部节目
That tune is not in my repertoire.
我演出的节目中没有这首曲子。
solitary
a. 单独的；唯一的；孤独的，隐居的
synthesis
n. 综合；合成
Humans need some sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D which takes place in the skin.
人需要阳光才能在皮肤里合成维生素D。
complication
n. （新出现的）困难，难题；并发症
Complications set in, and the patient died.
病人因出现并发症而死亡。
composite
a. 混合成的，综合成的 n. 合成物，复合材料
The police artist made a composite picture of the murderer.
警局的拼图师拼出了一幅杀人犯的图片。
clip
n. （弹簧）夹子，回形针；弹夹；剪；剪报 vt. 夹住，扣住；修剪；削减
transcend
vt. 超出，超越（经验、理性等）的范围
She far transcends others in beauty and intelligence.
她才貌出众。
ventilate
vt. 使通风；把…公开，公开讨论
A sea breeze ventilated the rooms.
一阵海风使房间的空气更清新。
suspension
n. 暂停；暂令停止参加；悬架；悬浮液；悬，吊
The U.S. declared suspension of financial payment to the U.N.
美国宣布暂停向联合国付款。
anonymous
a. 匿名的；无特色的
"Who wrote the letter?" "I don't know. It was an anonymous letter."
"这封信是谁写的？""我不知道。这是一封匿名信。"
auction
n./vt. 拍卖
ethnic
a. 种族的
Ethnic discrimination still exists in the U.S.
种族歧视在美国仍然存在。
solidarity
n. 团结一致
"The perennial conflict between national egoism and international solidarity becomes more and more visible?" (Isaac Deutscher)
"国家利己主义和国际联合之间的长期冲突变得越来越明显吗？"（艾萨克·多伊彻）
compute
v. 计算，估算
We computed that the project would take 5 years to complete.
我们估算这项工程要5年才能完成。
apparatus
n. 器械，器具，仪器；机构，组织
An automobile is a complicated apparatus.
汽车是台复杂的机器。
buck
n. （一）美元；雄鹿 vi. （马等）猛然弓背跃起
The news has bucked us up.
这消息使我们欢欣鼓舞。
evaporate
vi. 蒸发；消失 vt. 使蒸发，使挥发
The pool of water on the playground evaporated in the sun.
操场上的积水在阳光下蒸发了。
soluble
a. 可溶的；可解决的
Salt is soluble in water very easily.
盐在水中很容易溶解。
disclose
vt. 透露
Most movie stars are not willing to disclose their true age.
大多数电影明星不愿透露其真实年龄。
evacuate
vt. 转移，撤离
The village was evacuated because of the danger of a flood.
由于洪水的威胁，村里人都已撤走了。
disastrous
a. 灾难性的；极坏的，很糟的
inhabit
vt. 居住于，（动物）栖居于
It is easy for a man to embark on the road of degeneration and crime when greed inhabits his mind.
当贪婪的思想占据了人的心灵时，他是很容易走上堕落、犯罪的道路的。
inhibit
vt. 阻止，妨碍，抑制
Penicillin can inhibit the spread of the bacteria and inflammation.
青霉素可以抑制细菌和炎症的扩散。
foil
n. 箔；陪衬；锡箔纸 vt. 挫败，使受挫折
The police foiled the murderer's attempt to escape.
警察使这个杀人犯逃跑的企图成为泡影。
grope
vi. （for, around）暗中摸，摸索；（for）探索，搜寻 vt. 摸索（路等）
He groped for the door handle in the dark.
他在黑暗中摸索着找门把手。
humidity
n. 湿度，潮湿
Humidity caused me another fit of rheumatism.
湿气使我的风湿病又发作了。
innovation
n. 新方法；革新
The innovation of air travel during the twentieth century has made the world seem smaller.
20世纪发明的空中飞行似乎使世界变小了。
literacy
n. 有文化，读写能力
notwithstanding
prep./ad. 尽管，还是
Many people told me not to try, but I went ahead notwithstanding.
很多人都劝我不要尝试，我还是决意去做了。
militant
a. 激进的，好斗的 n. 激进分子，斗士
The militant Palestinian guerrillas often attack the Israeli soldiers.
激进的巴勒斯坦游击队经常袭击以色列士兵。
minimal
a. 最小的，最低限度的
Fortunately, the storm only did minimal damage to the crops.
幸好，暴风雨对农作物只造成很小的损失。
reside
vi. 居住，定居；（in）（性质等）存在，在于
He returned to China in 2007, having resided abroad for many years.
他在国外居住多年以后，于2007年回到了中国。
residential
a. 居住的，住宅的；寄宿的
The residential space in the metropolitan cities is becoming smaller and smaller, but it is more and more expensive than ever before.
现在大都市里的住宅空间比以前越来越小，而价格则越来越贵。
proceeding
n. 进程，议程；诉讼，诉讼程序；会议录
The manager opened today's proceedings in several short sentences.
经理用简短的几句话开始了今天的会议。
sparkle
vi. 发光；活跃 n. 闪烁；活力
Her eyes sparkled with excitement.
她的眼睛里闪耀着兴奋的光芒。
pope
n. (常the P-)（天主教）教皇，罗马主教
specialty/speciality
n. 特产，特色菜；专业，专长
Hami melon (a variety of muskmelon) is a specialty in Xinjiang.
哈密瓜是新疆的特产。
spectrum
n. 谱，光谱；范围
Now computers are widely used in the whole spectrum of industry.
现在计算机已在工业上广泛应用。
spiral
a. 螺旋的 n. 螺旋，螺旋式的上升（或下降）vi. 盘旋上升（或下降）；（物价等）不断急剧地上升（或下降）
The smoke spiral(l)ed up.
那股烟袅袅上升。
transient
a. 短暂的，转瞬即逝的；临时的，暂住的
Life is transient.
人生如朝露（很短暂）。
whirl
vi. 旋转；发晕n. 旋转；混乱
The earth whirls on its axis.
地球绕轴自转。
appraisal
n. 估量，评价
The members of the IOC made an objective appraisal of Beijing.
国际奥林匹克委员会成员对北京做出了客观的评价。
bureaucracy
n. 官僚主义；政府机构
We must fight against the bureaucracy in order to improve governmental work.
为了提高政府部门的工作效率，我们必须与官僚作风做斗争。
bureaucratic
a. 官僚政治的
arena
n. 表演场地，竞技场；活动场所
The world is as an arena of moral conflict.
世界像一个道义冲突的竞争场所。
arch
n. 拱门，拱形（结构）v. （使）成拱形 a. 调皮的
A bright rainbow arched above after the rain.
雨后一道亮丽的彩虹在天上形成弓状。
exceptional
a. 杰出的；例外的，异常的
He has such an exceptional memory that he only has to memorize the new English words once.
他记忆力非凡，新的英文单词只要记一次就行了。
consequent
a. 作为结果的
His long illness and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.
他因病缺席很久，耽误了很多课程。
confer
vi. 商议 vt. （on）授予
The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident of the fire damp explosion.
工程师和技术员们还在讨论此次瓦斯爆炸的意外事故。
consecutive
a. 连续的，连贯的
It's been raining for 3 consecutive days.
连续下了三天的雨。
consensus
n. 一致，一致同意
The voters' consensus was that the capital penalty should not be abolished.
选民一致认为不应该废除死刑。
hasty
a. 轻率的；匆忙的，仓促完成的
He soon regretted his hasty decision to get married.
他很快就后悔轻率地做出结婚的决定。
disrupt
vt. 使中断，扰乱
An accident of the collision of a truck with a train has disrupted railroad services into and out of Paris.
一辆卡车与一列火车相撞的事故中断了进出巴黎市的铁路交通。
execution
n. 死刑；执行；表演
Executions used to be held in public.
死刑过去常常当众执行。
discrepancy
n. 不符合（之处），不一致（之处）
There was a discrepancy in the two reports of the loss of the earthquake in India.
对于印度这次地震的损失，两份报告不一致。
discrete
a. 分离的，不相关联的
One word may have discrete meanings.
同一个词可能有彼此毫无关联的几个不同意思。
contend
vi. 竞争；搏斗 vt. 声称
The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.
被告方声称证据是不可接受的。
forthcoming
a. 即将到来的；乐于提供消息的
We asked several villagers the way to the mine, and they are very forthcoming.
我们向好几个村民询问通往矿山的路，他们都很乐意相助。
fracture
v. （使）断裂 n. 裂缝，裂痕
A fracture in any part of the body can be very serious in elderly people.
老年人身体的任何部位发生骨折都有可能成为严重疾患。
hysterical
a. 情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里般的
On hearing the news that he was elected senator, he was in hysterical laughter.
一听到他当选参议员的消息，他一阵狂笑。
insane
a. 荒唐的；精神失常的，疯狂的
When dealing with the insane, the best method is to pretend to be insane.(Hermann Hesse)
对付精神病人最好的办法是假装自己患有精神病。（赫尔曼·海塞）