(单词翻译:单击)
Passage One
文章一
In social psychology, the term "person perception" refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people.
在社会心理学中，“个人感知”一词是指我们用来形成对他人印象的心理过程。
It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions.
它不仅包括我们如何形成这些印象，还包括我们根据自己的印象对他人做出的结论。
Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.
想想你每天有多少次做出这种判断。
When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person.
当你遇到一个新同事时，你会立即生成对这个人的初步印象。
When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.
当你去杂货店时，你可能会对结账的收银员得出一番结论。
Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,
显然，个人感知是一个非常主观的过程，可以受到许多变量的影响，
including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits, and your past experiences.
包括你正在观察的人的特征、事件背景、你自己的个人特征和你过去的经历。
One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization.
我们在个人感知中使用的技术之一是社会分类。
In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics.
在这个过程中，我们在心理上将人们根据共同的特征归类为不同的群体。
Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.
这种技术的问题包括它可能导致错误和偏见。
Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available.
想象一下你正在上一辆公共汽车。只有两个座位。
One is next to a small, elderly woman; the other is next to a muscular, fierce-looking man.
一个座位是在一个小个子的老年妇女旁边，另一个座位在一个肌肉发达、长相凶狠的男人旁边。
You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.
你坐在老妇人旁边，不幸的是，老妇人对扒窃很有一手。
Because of social categorization, you immediately judge the woman as harmless, and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.
由于社会分类，你立即判断这个女人是无害的，而这个男人是有威胁的，这让你的钱包丢了。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据刚才所听文章回答16-18题。
Question 16: What does the passage say we tend to do every day?
问题16: 文章说我们每天倾向于做什么？
Question 17: What do we learn about person perception from this passage?
问题17: 从文中可知，我们对个人感知有什么了解？
Question 18: What is the problem with using social categorization in person perception?
问题18: 在个人感知中使用社会分类有什么问题？
