白易礼:大学英语四级考试语法笔记78
日期:2008-11-01 22:32

(单词翻译:单击)

  我去过伦敦,那是个美丽的城市。
  Your father, whom I respect very much, is a kind old man.
  你父亲是个很和善的老头,我很尊重他。
  Nanjing, where I lived for five years, is very hot in summer.
  南京夏天非常热,我在那里生活过五年。
  在以上三例当中,定语从句不就能是限定性的。若变成限定性定语从句,其意就成了“我去过那个是座美丽的城市的伦敦。你那个我很尊重的父亲是个很和善的老头。我在那里生活过五年的南京夏天非常热。”言外之意是还有别的伦敦、父亲和南京。
  通过这几个例子我们可以看出,专用名词以及世界上独一无二的东西都不能有限定性定语从句。因为它们的意义本身已经非常清楚,不需要对其进行限定。另外,非限定性定语从句的先行词还可以是整个主句所表达的意义。
  如:He did well in the physics exam, which surprised me.
  他物理考得很好,这使我很吃惊。
  (学地道的英语有两个重要的练习方法:parallel writing, and reverse translation,即平行写作和逆翻译。所谓平行写作,就是模仿英语的句子写类似的句子。而逆翻译就是先把英语译成汉语,或根据汉语的译文,再把汉语翻译成英语,再把英语译文同原文比较,分析差异。这两种方法能避免汉语式英语。)
  He did well in the physics exam, which surprised me.
  他物理考得很好,这使我很吃惊。
  请把这句话逆翻译。有的同学会翻译为:He did well in the physics exam, this surprised me. 这句话错在什么地方呢?错在句法。这句话有两个主谓结构,是两个并列的分句,但没有连词(this 是代词),这就成了串句。
  再如:He’s very particular about wording, which I am not.
  他很咬文嚼字,而我不。
  I said nothing, which made her angry.
  我什么也没说,这使她很生气。
  Tom didn’t go to the show, which was a pity.
  没去看演出,这很遗憾。
  下面看看各个关系词的用法:
  1.指人的关系代词:who, whom, whose, that 的用法:
  (1)作主语(who, that )
  Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch.
  那些参加比赛的人午饭后1:30在大门口集合。
  在本句中,先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。
  The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor.
  正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。
  在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。
  这个复合句可以还原成两个句子:
  The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
  (2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;
  This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。
  在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。
  Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for?
  他是你在找的那位经理吗?
  (3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,
  如:The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
  我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。
  Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago.
  你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁?
  I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming.
  但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。
  如上头两句可改为:
  The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
  Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talking with a moment ago?
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重点单词
  • pityn. 同情,怜悯,遗憾,可惜 v. 同情,怜悯
  • reversen. 相反,背面,失败,倒档 adj. 反面的,相反的,
  • particularadj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的 n. 个别项目
  • paralleladj. 平行的,相同的,类似的,并联的 n. 平行线(