(单词翻译:单击)
It matters what kind of perfectionist someone is.
区分完美主义者的类型很重要。
Psychologists distinguish between a "self-oriented" version, in which people put pressure on themselves to perform flawlessly; an "other-oriented" type, in which people hold their colleagues to the highest of standards; and a "socially prescribed" version, in which employees think they will only get on if they meet the impossible expectations of those around them.
心理学家区分出了三种类型："自我导向型"，即给自己施加压力，以求表现得完美无瑕；"以他人为导向型"，即以最高标准要求同事；以及"社会规定型"，即员工认为，只有达到了周围人不可能达到的期望，他们才能继续工作。
People in the last camp seem to be especially prone to stress.
最后一类人似乎特别容易感觉到压力。
A recent Italian study found that, whereas having extremely high standards for your own performance was not a predictor of burnout, being afraid of making mistakes was.
意大利最近的一项研究发现，虽然对自己的表现有极高的要求并不会引发崩溃，但害怕犯错会。
Perfectionists may also hurt team cohesiveness.
完美主义者也可能会破坏团队凝聚力。
In a study conducted in 2020, Emily Kleszewski and Kathleen Otto of Philipps-University of Marburg asked people to rate potential co-workers based on descriptions of their levels and categories of perfectionism.
在2020年进行的一项研究中，马尔堡-菲利普大学的艾米丽·克莱谢夫斯基和凯瑟琳·奥托让人们根据未来同事对自己的完美主义程度和类型的描述来给他们打分。
Perfectionists were regarded as being less socially skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists.
人们认为完美主义者的社交能力不如非完美主义者，也没有非完美主义者讨人喜欢。
You don't have to like your colleagues for them to be effective: in that same study, perfectionists were rated as more competent than non-perfectionists. But when more and more work is organised around small groups working together, it can help not to loathe each other.
你不一定非得喜欢你的同事才能让他们更有效率：该研究发现，人们认为完美主义者比非完美主义者能力更强。但当小组有越来越多的工作要共同处理时，组员不厌恶彼此会有所帮助。
By now your inner curmudgeon may well be frothing at the mouth. Nit-picking micro-managers are deeply annoying but they are nowhere near as bad as people who don't have any standards.
说到这里，你内心的暴躁小人很可能已经气到口吐白沫了。吹毛求疵的微观管理者固然非常令人讨厌，但他们远不如没有任何标准的人糟糕。
Demanding bosses can be the difference between good products and superb ones: "that'll do" was not the mantra that made Steve Jobs successful. Some jobs actively require perfectionism--copy editors, say, or medicines regulators.
苛刻的老板可能会让"不错的"产品升级为"一流的"产品：史蒂夫·乔布斯能成功可不是靠把"差不多"当成准则。有些工作确实要求完美主义----比如文案编辑或药品监管。
And since when did being exacting become a health risk? Fortunately, discouraging perfectionism does not mean sacrificing high standards.
从什么时候起，严格要求也成了一种健康风险？幸运的是，不鼓励完美主义并不意味着舍弃高标准。
In a paper published last year, three academics at the University of Ottawa found that people who strove for excellence did better on tests of creative thinking than people who sought perfection.
在去年发表的一篇论文中，渥太华大学的三名学者发现，追求卓越的人在创造性思维测试中比追求完美的人表现得更好。
Managers can explicitly define what counts as high-quality work. Deadlines can prevent endless procrastination.
管理者可以明确定义什么是高质量的工作。设置最后期限可以防止无休止的拖延。
Mr Sunak's call not to let the perfect be the enemy of the good came as he sat in front of a poster that misspelled the word "campaign". That took things too far.
苏纳克在呼吁"不要让完美成为优秀的敌人"时，身后海报上的"campaign"一词却拼错了。这就太过分了。
