(单词翻译:单击)
This hierarchy has a physiological effect: Lower-ranked female baboons breed later in their development and ovulate less frequently.
这种等级结构形成了一个生理效应: 等级较低的雌性狒狒交配繁殖的时间较晚，排卵的频率也较低。
What’s more, because female baboons pass their status on to their daughters, subordinate ones are best served by having sons, who not only are spared the raids but are more able to climb the social ladder.
更重要的是，因为雌性狒狒会把自己的位置传给女儿，所以下属的狒狒最好生儿子，儿子不仅不会被袭击，而且更有可能爬上更高的社会阶层。
And biology accommodates: Through an evolutionary mechanism yet to be fully explained, these baboons give birth to more males than females; their social position essentially sex-selects their fetuses.
生物学也能解释这种情况: 一种需要完善的进化机制认为，这些狒狒生的雄性比雌性多;他们的社会地位本质上是通过性别来选择他们的胎儿。
Were we to seek out a broader vantage on simian life, as Cooke suggests we must, we would find several other paradigms of sexual difference and interrelation.
如果我们像库克建议的那样，从更广泛的角度研究类人猿的生活，我们就会发现一些性别差异和相互关系的其他范式。
New World monkeys—tailed primates that inhabit the Americas—offer alternative snapshots of collaboration and cooperation.
新大陆猴——生活在美洲的有尾灵长类动物——提供了另一种合作的方式。
Male black-headed owl monkeys share equal, if not more, duties in rearing their offspring.
雄性黑头猫头鹰猴在养育后代方面承担着同等甚至更多的责任。
During the pregnancy of his mate, a male cotton-top tamarin also puts on weight—he will shed it later, carrying their twins on his back.
在配偶怀孕期间，雄性绒顶柽柳猴也会增重——之后，它会把双胞胎背在背上，减去重量。
His levels of estrogen and prolactin (hormones associated with birth and bonding) rise in tandem with hers.
雄性绒顶柽柳猴的雌激素和催乳素(与生育和密切关系有关的激素)水平会与其配偶同步上升。
Some lemurs, natives of Madagascar, have shared child-care arrangements that permit mothers to socialize, forage, and eat without distraction.
马达加斯加的土著狐猴，无论雌雄，共同照顾孩子，允许雌性狐猴不受干扰地进行社交、觅食和进食。
They build nests for their young, where sentinel adults—typically unrelated, not only females—watch over them.
它们为幼崽筑巢，而成年守卫的狐猴(通常与幼崽无亲属关系，不仅是雌性狐猴)则在那里看守幼崽。
Cooke and de Waal are both invested in showcasing a range of animal behaviors—including mate choice and gender expression—that usefully redraw the boundaries of “natural” sex difference.
库克和德瓦尔都致力于展示动物的一系列行为，包括配偶选择和性别表达，这有效地重新划定了“自然”性别差异的边界。
In Different we meet Donna, a captive chimp that de Waal describes in our human parlance as asexual and gender-nonconforming.
在《差异》这本书中，我们遇到了唐娜，一只被囚禁的黑猩猩，德瓦尔用我们人类的语言形容它为无性动物和非常规性别的动物。
Whether identity markers like “butch” and “femme” have any currency for chimpanzees is clearly an inscrutable matter, but as de Waal is at pains to point out, the norms of gender are impressed upon young chimps by their elders.
像“雄性”和“雌性”这样的身份标记是否对黑猩猩有任何意义，显然是一个无法解释的问题，但正如德瓦尔竭力指出的那样，性别规范是由它们的长辈给年幼的黑猩猩留下的印象。
Sex-typical customs are not entirely a matter of biological destiny: Some are nurtured, some are learned; extraordinarily, there are gendered habits that resemble fashions.
一般的性别惯例并不完全是生来就注定的: 有些是后天培养的，有些是后天习得的; 异乎寻常的是，有一些是与风行一时的事物相似的性别习惯。
