(单词翻译:单击)
We see it in cultural evolution too, as Robert Wright explained in his 1999 book, Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny.
我们在文化演化中也看到了这一点，正如罗伯特·赖特在他1999年的著作《非零和博弈—人类命运的逻辑》中所解释的那样。
Wright showed that history involves a series of transitions, driven by rising population density plus new technologies (writing, roads, the printing press) that created new possibilities for mutually beneficial trade and learning.
赖特指出，历史涉及一系列转变，这是由不断增加的人口密度以及新技术(书写、道路、印刷机)推动的，这些新技术为互利的贸易和学习创造了新的可能性。
Zero-sum conflicts—such as the wars of religion that arose as the printing press spread heretical ideas across Europe—were better thought of as temporary setbacks, and sometimes even integral to progress.
零和博弈--比如印刷机在整个欧洲传播异端思想时引发的宗教战争--被认为是暂时的挫折，有时甚至被认为是进步的必经之路。
(Those wars of religion, he argued, made possible the transition to modern nation-states with better-informed citizens.)
(他认为，那些宗教战争使向公民消息灵通的现代民族国家过渡成为可能。)
President Bill Clinton praised Nonzero’s optimistic portrayal of a more cooperative future thanks to continued technological advance.
美国总统比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)赞扬了非零和博弈对未来合作的乐观描绘，这得益于持续的技术进步。
The early internet of the 1990s, with its chat rooms, message boards, and email, exemplified the Nonzero thesis, as did the first wave of social-media platforms, which launched around 2003.
20世纪90年代早期的互联网及其聊天室、留言板和电子邮件就是非零和理论的例证，2003年左右推出的第一波社交媒体平台也是很好的例证。
Myspace, Friendster, and Facebook made it easy to connect with friends and strangers to talk about common interests, for free, and at a scale never before imaginable.
Myspace、Friendster和Facebook让人们可以很容易地与朋友和陌生人联系，谈论共同的兴趣爱好，而且是免费的，而且规模之大是前所未有的。
By 2008, Facebook had emerged as the dominant platform, with more than 100 million monthly users, on its way to roughly 3 billion today.
到2008年，Facebook已成为占主导地位的平台，每月用户超过1亿，目前用户约为30亿。
In the first decade of the new century, social media was widely believed to be a boon to democracy.
在新世纪的头十年，社交媒体被广泛认为是民主的福音。
What dictator could impose his will on an interconnected citizenry?
哪个独裁者能把自己的意志强加给彼此相互关联的公民?
What regime could build a wall to keep out the internet?
哪个政权能建一道墙把互联网挡在外面?
The high point of techno-democratic optimism was arguably 2011, a year that began with the Arab Spring and ended with the global Occupy movement.
技术民主的乐观主义的高潮可以说是在2011年，这一年始于阿拉伯之春，结束于全球占领运动。
That is also when Google Translate became available on virtually all smartphones, so you could say that 2011 was the year that humanity rebuilt the Tower of Babel.
这也是谷歌翻译在几乎所有智能手机上可用的时候，所以你可以说2011年是人类重建巴别塔的一年。
We were closer than we had ever been to being “one people,” and we had effectively overcome the curse of division by language.
我们比以往任何时候都更接近成为“一个民族”，我们有效地克服了语言分裂的诅咒。
For techno-democratic optimists, it seemed to be only the beginning of what humanity could do.
对于对技术民主持乐观态度的人来说，这似乎只是人类所能做的事情的开始。
In February 2012, as he prepared to take Facebook public, Mark Zuckerberg reflected on those extraordinary times and set forth his plans.
2012年2月，当马克·扎克伯格准备让Facebook上市时，他回想起了那些非常时期，并阐述了自己的计划。
“Today, our society has reached another tipping point,” he wrote in a letter to investors. Facebook hoped “to rewire the way people spread and consume information.”
他在给投资者的一封信中写道：“今天，我们的社会又到了一个临界点。”Facebook希望“改变人们传播信息和消费信息的方式”。
By giving them “the power to share,” it would help them to “once again transform many of our core institutions and industries.”
通过赋予他们“分享的权力”，这将帮助他们“再次改变我们的许多核心机构和行业”。
