(单词翻译:单击)
He and his faction were called federalists.
他和他的派系被称为联邦主义者。
George Washington was officially neutral not belonging to either of the two factions.
乔治·华盛顿在官方上是中立的，不属于任何两个派别。
In fact, he cautioned against forming political parties,
事实上，他警告不要组建政党，
at all believing they would lead to the downfall of the republic,
他一直相信它们会导致共和国的垮台，
but he was unable to keep members of the cabinet from gearing up for an all-out assault on each other.
但他无法阻止内阁成员准备发动全面攻击。
Their weapon of choice was the country's newspapers.
他们选择的武器是该国的报纸。
Newspapers of the period contained very little objective reporting.
那个时期的报纸很少有客观的报道。
Instead, they were a vehicle for partisan writers to exhort their cause and to attack their opponents through a series of long opinion pieces.
相反，它们是党派作家的工具，他们通过一系列长篇观点文章来劝导自己的事业，并攻击对手。
Most of these were written under pen names, but everybody knew who the authors were.
这些书大部分是用笔名写的，但每个人都知道作者是谁。
On the federalist side, this was frequently Alexander Hamilton where Jefferson preferred to avoid direct confrontation and used proxies.
在联邦党人那边，这通常是亚历山大·汉密尔顿，杰斐逊倾向于避免直接对抗，并使用代理人。
All the while Hamilton continued to work moulding the American economy into his vision.
与此同时，汉密尔顿继续在他的视野中塑造美国经济。
He founded a national bank established a U.S mint in Philadelphia to produce currency formed the U.S coast guard to prevent smuggling,
他建立了一个国家银行，在费城建立了美国铸币厂来生产货币，组建了美国海岸警卫队来防止走私。
a big problem when most of the government's money came from customs duties and worked to expand domestic manufacturing and to end the country's over alliance and foreign imports.
这是一个大问题，因为政府的大部分资金来自关税，并致力于扩大国内制造业，结束国家的过度联盟和外国进口。
Washington generally sided with Hamilton in disputes between his treasury and state secretary something that incensed Jefferson.
在他的财政部长和国务秘书之间的争执中，华盛顿通常站在汉密尔顿一边，这激怒了杰斐逊。
To the point that he resigned as post at the end of 1793.
以至于他在1793年底辞去了这个职位。
By now, Jefferson was convinced that not only was Hamilton taking the country down the wrong path,
此时，杰斐逊确信，汉密尔顿不仅把国家带向了错误的道路，
but that he was actively corrupt probably enriching himself either through stock jobbing or through secret deals with the British.
而且他非常腐败，可能通过炒股或与英国人的秘密交易发家致富。
The attacks in Hamilton's policies turned increasingly personal portraying him as an evil shadow lurking behind the chair of the noble Washington.
对汉密尔顿政策的攻击越来越个人化，把他描绘成一个潜伏在高尚的华盛顿主席后面的邪恶阴影。
Some of the more vicious attacks criticized his foreign origins and even his illegitimacy.
一些更恶毒的攻击批评了他的外国血统，甚至说他是私生子。
All of this weighed heavily on Hamilton.
所有这些对汉密尔顿来说都是沉重的负担。
He felt underappreciated, he was also heavily in debt and able to support his family on his government salary.
他觉得自己没有得到充分的赏识，他还负债累累，靠政府的薪水就能养家糊口。
Certainly, there was no hidden fortune derived from corruption.
当然，腐败并没有带来隐藏的财富。
Finally, on January 31, 1795, Hamilton resigned as treasury secretary returning to private life.
最后，在1795年1月31日，汉密尔顿辞去了财政部长的职务，回归了私人生活。
In 1796, George Washington decided not to run for a third term as president, wanting to avoid the perception that it was a post that one person should hold for life.
1796年，乔治·华盛顿决定不竞选第三任总统，以避免人们认为这是一个人应该终身担任的职位。
Washington's magnaminity set up the first competitive election in the country's history.
华盛顿的影响力促成了美国历史上第一次竞争激烈的选举。
The logical choice for Hamilton and the federalists was to support the vice president John Adams believing him to be the only person who could defeat Thomas Jefferson.
汉密尔顿和联邦党人的合理选择是支持副总统约翰·亚当斯，因为他认为亚当斯是唯一能够击败托马斯·杰斐逊的人。
Something that was proved out when Adams was elected president.
这在亚当斯当选总统时得到了证明。
But John Adams was no George Washington.
但约翰·亚当斯不是乔治·华盛顿。
Adams has spent decades in public service, having collaborated with Jefferson on the Declaration of Independence, and serving as foreign ambassador to the courts of Europe.
亚当斯在公共服务领域工作了几十年，曾与杰斐逊合作起草《独立宣言》，并担任驻欧洲法院的外国大使。
But in all that time, Adams had never developed the thick skin needed to work in politics.
但在这段时间里，亚当斯从未培养出从政所需的厚脸皮。
He took even the smallest slide personally and held grudges for a long time.
即使是最小的失误，他也心存怨恨很长时间。
He spent months at a time outside of the capital in his home of Massachusetts, dictating his orders via letters.
他在首都之外的马萨诸塞州的家中待了几个月，通过信件来发号施令。
And most importantly, for Hamilton, Adams wanted nothing to do with him, scorning his advice.
对汉密尔顿来说，最重要的是，亚当斯不想和他有任何瓜葛，对他的建议不屑一顾。
Hamilton chafed at the loss of influence and looked for a way to get back into the action.
汉密尔顿对失去影响力感到恼火，想找个办法重新投入战斗。
Revolutionary france provided him with that opportunity the United States had concluded a trade deal with great Britain.
法国革命为他提供了机会，美国与英国签订了贸易协定。
A few years earlier, the controversial Jay Treaty, the French who were at war with Britain viewed this as a betrayal and a series of diplomatic skirmishes, threatened to descend into war.
几年前，有争议的《杰伊条约》，与英国交战的法国认为这是一种背叛，一系列的外交冲突，有可能演变成战争。
President Adams felt he had no choice but to raise an army to defend the country.
亚当斯总统觉得他别无选择，只能召集一支军队来保卫国家。
In the face of a possible French invasion, a natural choice to command this army was George Washington,
面对可能的法国入侵，指挥这支军队的自然人选是乔治·华盛顿，
but Washington would only accept the command if his second in command was Alexander Hamilton.
但华盛顿只有在他的副手是亚历山大·汉密尔顿时才会接受这个命令。
So Hamilton was appointed a major General in 1798.
所以汉密尔顿在1798年被任命为少将。
With Washington, ailing at his home in Mount Vernon, Hamilton effectively ran the army taking charge of training organization and supplies.
由于华盛顿在弗农山庄的家中生病，汉密尔顿有效地管理着军队，负责训练组织和补给。
Adams didn't want war with France or anyone else pinning his hopes on a diplomatic solution.
亚当斯不想和法国或其他国家开战，他希望通过外交途径解决问题。
This brought him into conflict with Hamilton who still clung to boyish notions of military glory.
这使他与汉密尔顿发生了冲突，汉密尔顿仍然坚持幼稚的军事光荣观念。
Everything started to go wrong for Hamilton at once, his great friend and patron George Washington died in 1799.
汉密尔顿的一切都开始走下坡路，他的好朋友和赞助人乔治·华盛顿于1799年去世。
Adams stripped funding for the army privately, worrying that Hamilton wanted to march on the Capitol and set himself up as a dictator.
亚当斯私下里剥夺了军队的资金，担心汉密尔顿想进军国会大厦，把自己树立为独裁者。
America's first political sex scandal came to light,
美国第一桩政治性丑闻曝光，
as newspaper reports revealed the spicy details of an affair Hamilton had in 1792 with a woman named Maria Reynolds who it appeared was extorting him for money to keep the affair a secret.
报纸报道揭露了汉密尔顿在1792年与一个叫玛丽亚·雷诺兹的女人的风流韵事，而这个女人似乎勒索他的钱，以使这段风流韵事不为人知。
Hamilton in a bizarre display, decided to admit to the affair in a published pamphlet that was widely circulated.
汉密尔顿在一场离奇的表演中，决定在一本广为流传的出版小册子中承认这一事件。
Hamilton wanted to defend himself from corruption charges, but the pamphlet just made things worse.
汉密尔顿想为自己的腐败指控辩护，但小册子只是让事情变得更糟。
Things came to a head in 1800 when Hamilton furious at John Adams for dismantling his army after a peace deal with Napoleon was reached.
事情在1800年达到了顶点，汉密尔顿对约翰·亚当斯在与拿破仑达成和平协议后解散他的军队感到愤怒。
Turned his pen on the president attacking his fitness for office and endorsing a south carolina federalist Charles Pinickney.
把他的笔转到总统上攻击他适合担任公职并支持南卡罗来纳联邦党人查尔斯·皮尼克。
Instead, many people privately agreed with Hamilton about Adams character,
相反，许多人私下里同意汉密尔顿对亚当斯角色的看法，
but the attack on Adam split the federalist vote ensuring the election of Hamilton's greatest rival Jefferson to the highest office.
但对亚当的攻击分裂了联邦党人的选票，确保汉密尔顿最大的对手杰斐逊当选总统。
Adams never forgave hamilton and spent the rest of his life attacking Hamilton's character in print.
亚当斯从未原谅汉密尔顿，并在他的余生中攻击汉密尔顿的性格。
As for Hamilton, the political blunders seemed to have destroyed his own career,
至于汉密尔顿，政治上的失误似乎毁掉了他自己的职业生涯，
which probably prevented him from having any chance of running for president himself.
这可能使他失去了竞选总统的机会。
