(单词翻译:单击)
In 1870 the U.S. census expanded the collection of employment statistics to include children.
1870年，美国人口普查扩大了就业统计数据的收集范围，将儿童包括在内。
It found that 75,000 children under age 15 worked--a number that didn't include those "employed" in family businesses or on family farms.
调查发现，75000名15岁以下的儿童有工作，这一数字不包括那些在家族企业或家庭农场“受雇”的人。
A popular attitude at the time was that children had always worked and, therefore, children working in modern industries was necessary and nothing unusual.
当时一种流行的态度是，儿童一直都在工作，因此，儿童在现代工业中工作是必要的，没有什么不寻常的。
Since the beginning of time, they'd helped hunt and gather food, cook and clean, and otherwise provide for the family unit.
从一开始，他们就帮助狩猎和收集食物，做饭和打扫卫生，并以其他方式为家庭单位提供食物。
This belief didn't begin to substantially change until the early 20th century--a handful of years that would become known as the Progressive era.
这种信念直到20世纪初才开始发生实质性的改变—那几年被称为“进步时代”。
Labor reformers began seriously campaigning against child labor in the 1890s, spreading photographs of children working in unsafe conditions in factories and mines.
劳工改革者在19世纪90年代开始正式反对童工，宣传在工厂和矿山在不安全条件下工作的儿童的照片。
Multiple attempts at anti-child labor legislation were introduced to Congress(though the pieces that passed were often declared unconstitutional).
反童工立法多次尝试提交给国会(尽管通过的法案经常被宣布为违宪)。
Progressive-era campaigning slowly changed Americans' views of child labor, and by the mid-1930s fewer children were working than ever before.
进步时代的竞选活动慢慢改变了美国人对童工的看法，到20世纪30年代中期，工作的儿童比以往任何时候都少。
By 1938 child labor was for the most part illegal in the United States.
到1938年，在美国，童工在很大程度上是非法的。
Today there are limited protections for some child workers: children are legally allowed to work on family farms for an unlimited number of hours, for example, as long as they attend school.
今天，对一些童工的保护是有限的：例如，法律允许儿童在家庭农场工作不限时间，只要他们在学校上学。
The widespread, relatively new belief that child labor is wrong has done more to diminish the practice in the U.S. than any piece of legislation.
与任何一项立法相比，普遍、相对较新的观点认为童工是错误的，这对减少美国的童工做法起到了更大的作用。
And for that, we have turn-of-the-century labor reformers to thank.
为此，我们要感谢世纪之交的劳工改革者。
