(单词翻译:单击)
中英文本
Consider the changing political and economic geography of nation states over the past 40 years. The statistics that dominate political debate are largely national in character: poverty levels, unemployment, GDP, net migration. But the geography of capitalism has been pulling in somewhat different directions. Plainly globalisation has not rendered geography irrelevant. In many cases it has made the location of economic activity far more important, exacerbating the inequality between successful locations (such as London or San Francisco) and less successful locations (such as north-east England or the US rust belt). The key geographic units involved are no longer nation states. Rather, it is cities, regions or individual urban neighbourhoods that are rising and falling.
想想过去40年里各民族国家政治和经济地理的变化
The Enlightenment ideal of the nation as a single community, bound together by a common measurement framework, is harder and harder to sustain. If you live in one of the towns in the Welsh valleys that was once dependent on steel manufacturing or mining for jobs, politicians talking of how "the economy" is "doing well" are likely to breed additional resentment. From that standpoint, the term "GDP" fails to capture anything meaningful or credible.
启蒙运动理想中的国家是一个由共同度量框架连接在一起的单一社区,而这种理想越来越难以维持
When macroeconomics is used to make a political argument, this implies that the losses in one part of the country are offset by gains somewhere else. Headline-grabbing national indicators, such as GDP and inflation, conceal all sorts of localised gains and losses that are less commonly discussed by national politicians. Immigration may be good for the economy overall, but this does not mean that there are no local costs at all. So when politicians use national indicators to make their case, they implicitly assume some spirit of patriotic mutual sacrifice on the part of voters: you might be the loser on this occasion, but next time you might be the beneficiary. But what if the tables are never turned? What if the same city or region wins over and over again, while others always lose? On what principle of give and take is that justified?
当宏观经济学被用来进行政治辩论时,说明这个国家某一地区的损失和其它地方的收益中和了
In Europe, the currency union has exacerbated this problem. The indicators that matter to the European Central Bank (ECB), for example, are those representing half a billion people. The ECB is concerned with the inflation or unemployment rate across the eurozone as if it were a single homogeneous territory, at the same time as the economic fate of European citizens is splintering in different directions, depending on which region, city or neighbourhood they happen to live in. Official knowledge becomes ever more abstracted from lived experience, until that knowledge simply ceases to be relevant or credible.
在欧洲,货币同盟加剧了这一问题
词语解释
1.headline-grabbing 成为新闻焦点的;吸引注意力的
Part of the answer lies in those headline-grabbing confrontations with Russia, China and the Koreas.
部分原因在于与俄罗斯、中国和朝鲜半岛的那些焦点对峙
2.breed 导致
Long hours can breed fatigue and increase the risk for errors.
过长的工时会导致疲劳,增加犯错的风险
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