Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about phrasal verbs.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。我是亚当。今天我们来学习动词短语。
We're going to look at the phrasal verbs with "set".
我们来学习有关“set”的动词短语。
Okay? Again, a phrasal verb is a verb and a preposition that together have a very different meaning than the two words individually.
动词短语是一个动词和一个介词组成的短语，短语的意思和单个单词的意思很不一样。
Okay? Not the literal meaning.
不是字面上的意思。
So we're going to look at: "set up", "set in", "to", "on", "down", "against", "aside", "back", "apart", "out", "off", and "about" -
我们要学习：“set up”， “set in”，“to”，“on”，“down”，“against”，“aside”，“back”，“apart”，“out”，“off”，还有“about”，
those are similar so I put them together-and this is an idiom, it's not a phrasal verb,
这些是相似的，所以放在一起，这一个是俚语，不是动词短语，
but I thought I would throw it in there: "to set someone straight".
但是我觉得应该讲讲它：“纠正某人的错误”。
Okay, let's start with "set up". "Set up" has quite a few meanings.
让我们以“set up”开始吧。“set up”有好几个意思。
Okay? We set up something, for example, a display.
我们设立一件事情，比如一个展览。
It means we build it, we construct it, or we put it together. So I want to...
意思是我们建立它，或者组合到一起。我想...
For example, I want to display a painting, so I set up the easel, the display.
比如，我想办一个画展。所以我摆好画架，设立展览。
I build it, I put it all together, and then I put the painting on top of that.
我建立它，布置好一切，然后把画放到上面。
Okay? In a similar way, we build a business. Okay? So we set up a business.
相似地，我们创建企业。我们创建一个企业。
Sometimes we say we "set up shop". We set up shop; we start a business.
有时候我们说“开店”。我们开店，创业。
We also use "set up shop" as a slang expression, it means to start doing something like a professional, but depends on the context for that.
我们也将“set up shop”用作一个俚语，意思是开始做某件专业的事，但是具体意思要取决于上下文。
Now, you can also set someone up, means to arrange a meeting or create, like, a date.
你可以为某人做安排，意思是安排一个会议，或者一个约会。
So, I have a single friend, a guy, and my... My girlfriend has a single girlfriend, and we set them up.
我有一个单身朋友，一个男子，我女朋友有一个单身女朋友，我们就安排他们约会。
It means we bring them together, we say: "Oh, let's go out for dinner", we all meet together, and then we introduce them, and maybe they go on a date later.
意思是我们给他们牵线，我们说：“我们一块去吃个饭吧”，我们大家见了面，彼此介绍，回头他们可能会再约会。
So we arrange this meeting, we set them up for a date. You can also set someone up, meaning, like, frame them.
我们安排会议，安排他们约会。还有一个意思是，陷害某人。
This is usually in terms of crimes. So I want this person to go to jail, so I will set them up.
这经常用在犯罪上面。我想让这个人进监狱。我就陷害他们。
I will put some drugs in their office, and I will call the police and say: "Oh, this guy has drugs."
我会在他们的办公室放一些毒品，然后报警说：“这家伙有毒品。”
The police will come, they will check, they will find the drugs, and they will arrest this person.
警察就会来，他们会检查，然后找到毒品，逮捕这个人。
So I set him up for arrest. Okay? Now, I put here the "to", because we can say we...
我陷害他被捕。这里有一个“to”，因为我们可以，
"You set someone up to", verb. What this means is you put them in a position.
让某人陷入，后面跟动词。意思是你让某人陷入一个境地。
So, for example, I have a child and if I don't educate my child properly, then I am setting him up to fail in the future.
比如，我有一个孩子，我没有好好教育他，我就让他在未来陷入失败的境地。
Why? Because he doesn't have the tools to succeed. You can also say...
为什么？因为他没有成功的能力。你也可以说...
You can make it a noun, you can say: "set up" or "set someone up for failure".
也可以跟名词。你可以说：“set someone up for failure”。
Put them in that position that the only thing that can happen is they will fail.
让他们陷入一个境地，唯一可能发生的事情就是他们会失败。
Okay? So that is "set up". "Set in". "Set in" basically means, like, take hold.
这就是“set up”。看“set in”，意思是“到来，控制”，和“take hold”相似。
But not like physically holding with your hand. Something captures or catches the thing it's meant to do.
但是不是用手抓住。是某个东西开始控制。
So here's an example: I'm walking through the jungle, I'm trekking through the jungle and a snake bites me.
这有一个例子“我走过丛林，艰难地走过丛林，被一只蛇咬了。
It's a poisonous snake. So the poison enters my arm, goes into the bloodstream, and starts to move.
是一只毒蛇。毒素进到我的胳膊里，进到我的血液循环中，开始循环。
I'm okay, nothing happens. I'm walking, I think I should go to the hospital.
我很好，没有感觉。于是接着走，我认为我应该去医院。
But soon, the poison sets in. It takes hold of the body, of my system, and suddenly I can't move, and I fall to the ground.
很快，毒素有效果了。它控制了我的身体，我的系统，突然间，我不能动了，我倒在了地上。
Or if you're in a dangerous situation, at the beginning, you think: "Okay, you know, it's not so bad", but then suddenly the fear sets in.
如果你处在一个危险的处境，一开始，你会想：“你知道，不是太糟糕”，但是然后恐惧出现了。
The fear takes over your mind, it holds your mind, because you realize it's a very, very dangerous situation.
恐惧占据了你的大脑，控制你的思想，因为你发现这是一个非常危险的处境。
We have a couple other expressions. "Set foot in", if you set foot in a place, it means you enter it.
我们有一些其他的表达。“set foot in”，意思是你进到一个地方。
So if I'm a storeowner and I catch you stealing something, I will say: "Okay, I will let you go this time,
所以如果我是一个店主，发现你在偷东西，我会说：“好吧，这次我放你走，
but if you ever set foot in my store again, if you even a little bit come inside, I will call the police and have you arrested." Okay?
但是如果你再敢踏进我的店一步，哪怕只是进来一点点，我都会叫警察把你抓起来。”好吧？
We also have "set in motion". These are both common expressions. "To set in motion" means to get something started.
还有“set in motion”。这些都是常用的表达。“to set in motion”意思是开始某事。
So, there were riots in the city last week, but the police and the media are still trying to figure out what set it in motion.
上周这个城市出现暴乱，但是警方和媒体还不知道发生的原因是什么。
What was the trigger? What was the initial cause that got this thing started, got it moving? Okay?
事件的导火索是什么？事件发生的初始原因是什么？
"Set to". Basically, "set to" means be ready. I'm set to go, I'm ready to go.
来看“set to”。基本上意思是准备好。我准备好出发了。
You usually use it with a verb, so it's more like part of the infinitive. Okay? But...
它经常和动词一块使用，这更像是不定式的一部分。但是
Whoops, sorry. But you can also start something or make something start. So, for example, if I start...
但是它的意思也可以是开始某事，比如，如果我开始...
If I set fire to the building, it means I take a little match or a stick with fire, and I put it in, and then the building goes on fire.
如果我点火烧大楼，意思是我拿着一个火柴或者着火的棍子，把它放进去，然后大楼就起火了。

So I started this thing. Right? I put the fire to get it started. "Set on". We have a couple of expressions.
是我让它起火的。我点了火让它烧起来。“set on”。我们有一些关于它的表达。
If you "have your heart set on something" or if "you have your eyes on something".
如果你说，“have your heart set on something”，“you have your eyes on something”。
If you have your eyes set on something, it means you have that thing as your target, and you're focused, and you're going to get it.
如果你盯上某个东西，意思是把这个东西当做你的目标，你专注于这个目标，想要实现它。
If you have your heart set on something, it means you really, really want it. So...
如果你看上了某个东西，意思是你真的很想得到它。
But if you just use "set on" by itself: "He's really set on doing this", it means he's determined, he's a little bit stubborn, but he's going to do whatever that thing is.
如果你只使用“set on”的话：“He's really set on doing this”，意思是他下定决心了，他有一些固执，一定要做这件事情。
Okay? "Set down". Now, if you have a child, you can sit your child down in the chair.
“set down”。如果你有一个孩子，你可以让孩子坐在椅子上。
But if you have a vase, like for plants, you can't sit the vase on the table; you set it down on the table.
如果你有一个花瓶，比如是装植物，你不能说“sit the vase on the table”，你要说“set it down on the table”。
Basically it means put down. Very straightforward.
基本上意思就是放下。非常直白。
Okay? You can also "set down", if somebody's speaking and you want to remember or you want to think about it later, you can set it down, you can write it down; take notes.
你也可以“set down”，如果某人正在讲话，你想记住它或者一会儿再思考的话，你可以记下来，写下来，做笔记。
Okay. "Set against". "Set against" be very ma-... Very much against something, so you're determined, you're very stubbornly against something.
“set against”。意思是非常反对某件事，你下定决心，非常顽固的反对某事。
So, we also say sometimes "dead set against".
我们有时也会说“dead set against”。
If you're dead set against something, it means the only way that you're going to let this happen is if you're dead, so hopefully that doesn't come to that.
如果你拼命反对某事，意思是只有你死了，这件事才可能发生，但愿不要发展到那个地步。
But if you're set against it, you're really, really against it, you're not going to let it happen.
你反对它，你坚决反对它，你不会让它发生。
Now, you can also set someone against someone else. It means you can create a conflict between two people. Okay? So: "I set her against her.
你也可以“set someone against someone else”。意思是你可以让两个人出现冲突。我让她们两个出现冲突。
They're going to fight." "Set aside" literally means put it to the side, but usually when we say: "Set it aside", it means put it away for now; we'll use it later.
她们会打一架。“set aside”字面上的意思是把它放到边上，但是我们经常说“set it aside”，意思是现在收起来。我们待会再用。
So put it aside and reserve it for later use or later reference. Okay. Sorry, I'm a little bit messy, here, today.
我把它放到一边，回头再用。抱歉，今天这里有点乱。
"Set back", okay, a couple of meanings here. "To set something or someone back" means to cause a delay.
“set back”，它有几个意思。“To set something or someone back”意思是造成延误。
If you're setting them back, you're giving them a problem, an obstacle, something that will take them back in terms of their progress.
如果你对他们造成了拖延，你给他们造成了一个问题，一个阻碍。它会阻碍他们的进展。
Okay? We also say "a setback". "A setback" is a noun, it means a problem, something that causes a delay.
我们也可以说“一个挫折”。挫折是一个名词，意思是一个问题，造成阻碍的一个问题。
Now, in terms of slang, we can also say, like: "How much will this set me back?" It means: How much will it cost? Which is a little bit of a strange meaning.
至于俚语，我们可以说，“How much will this set me back?”意思是：这会花我多少钱？这是个有些奇怪的意思。
So, this is a slang term, but again, it's very common if you say: "This will set you back $1,000", means it will cost you back... It will cost you $1,000. Sorry.
这是一个俚语，这种说法是很常见的：“这会花费你1000美元，意思是它会花费你一千美元。”
"Set apart". What sets something apart from everything else means what distinguishes it or what differentiates.
“区别”。“sets something apart from everything else”意思是使某物与众不同的意思。
So, for example, I have 10 students, what sets this student apart is that he always does his homework; what sets her apart is that she always gets 100% on every test.
比如，我有十个学生，使这个学生与众不同的事情是，他总是做作业；使她与众不同的是，她每次考试都能得100分。
So what makes them special, what makes them different from the group.
就是使他们特别的东西，使他们和群体不同的东西。
"Set apart" also means, like, similar to "set aside", just means put separately, to separate from the group; apart.
它还有一个意思，和“set aside”相似，就是分开放，离开集体。
"Set out" means basically go, start your journey. And "set off" can mean the exact same thing.
“set out”意思就是出发，开始旅程。“set off”也有相同的意思。
"Set off", though, can also mean to start something, to cause something to begin. For example, you set off the alarm.
“set off”，也可以指开始做某事，让某事发生。比如说，你拉响警报。
So, for example, if I light a cigarette in here, then smoke will go up to the alarm, and I will set it off.
比如，如果我在这里点一根烟，烟雾就会激发报警器，我使警报响起。
The smoke will set it off, and it will start ringing and making lots of noise.
烟雾会激发警报器，它就会响起来，制造出很多噪音。
"Set about" means also start, but start to do something.
“set about”的意思也是开始，但是指的是开始做某事。
Okay? So he's setting about setting up the place, if that makes any sense. So, "set about", start to do.
他开始布置场地，如果能讲得通的话。“set about”就是开始做。
This, start to go or start a journey. Now, lastly, we have our idiom. "To set someone straight".
开始做或开始旅行。最后还有一个俚语，“To set someone straight”。
If someone has a wrong idea about you or about something, you want to set them straight.
如果某人有一个关于你或者什么事情有一个错误的观点，你就想指正他们。
You want... This is their thinking. Okay? You want to set them straight. You want to correct the misinformation.
你想...这是他们的想法。你想纠正他们。你想纠正错误的信息。
So, you tell them the correct information or you tell them whatever they need to know so they have the right idea.
你告诉他们正确的信息，或者你告诉他们需要知道的东西，这样他们就能有正确的观点。
Just keep in mind that when you set someone straight, usually you're a little bit angry at the misinformation.
只要记住，当你纠正某人的时候，通常你对这些信息有一点愤怒。
So, somebody started a rumour about you, and somebody comes up to you: "Oh, I heard, like, you're...
如果有人传播你的谣言，有人过来跟你说：“我听说，你...
You did this or that, or you're like this or that." So you want to set this person straight.
你做过这件事情或那件事情。你就想纠正这个人的想法。
You want them to make sure they understand the correct information; not the incorrect information.
你想要确保他们理解了正确的信息，而不是错误的信息。
Speaking of information, that's a lot of information I just gave you, here.
说到信息，我刚刚讲到了很多信息。
If you want to make sure you understand it, go to www.engvid.com, take the quiz.
如果你想确保自己理解了它，请登录英格威英语学习网，去做小测。
You'll see a lot of sample sentences there. You can ask me questions in the comment section.
你会看到很多例句。你可以在评论区问我问题。
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back again soon. Bye.
别忘了订阅我的油管频道，欢迎回来。再见。