(单词翻译:单击)
Hey there, welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到大脑洞开的生命奇想！
Many of your bodily functions, from metabolism to growth, are controlled by chemicals produced and distributed by your body's endocrine system.
很多你身体的功能，从新陈代谢到生长，都是由你身体的内分泌系统产生和分布的化学物质控制的。
These chemicals are called hormones. In total, there are about 50 different ones that travel through your bloodstream and affect your development.
这些化学物质就是激素。总的来说，大约有50种不同的激素流经你的血液并且影响你的发育。
Today we're going to talk about testosterone, which is a hormone commonly associated with one of the most traumatic periods of my life - puberty.
今天我们要讨论的是睾丸素，这是一种激素，通常与我生命中最痛苦的时期之一——青春期联系在一起。
whoa whoa whoa! Oh! Animator, wait, what are we doing at a middle school? Wait, is that MY middle school? Is that ME?
哇哇哇！奥！动画师，等一下，你在一个中学里做什么？等一下，这是我的中学吗？这个少年是我？
Well, this is embarrassing… But I guess if we're going to talk about how testosterone affects your body, we might as well get a first-hand look.
这个就有点尴尬了...但是如果我们要讨论睾丸素是如何影响你的身体的话，我们最好亲自去看看。
Oh, I remember this class, it was one of my favorites! Don't worry teach i got this.
我记得这堂课，这是我的最爱之一！别担心老师，我可以的。
Testosterone production is controlled by the brain's hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
睾丸素的产生是由大脑的下丘脑和脑下垂体控制的。
They determine how much is made by the testes and, in smaller quantities, by the ovaries and adrenal glands.
他们决定了睾丸和少量卵巢和肾上腺的分泌量。
Before birth, testosterone is responsible for regulating sex differentiation and the development of sex organs.
在出生之前，睾丸素负责调节性别分化和性器官的发育。
Okay guys, get your giggles out now! Let's move on! I should also probably leave this class and let her teach.
伙计们，别傻笑了！继续往下看吧！我应该离开这里，让她来教学。
Levels then fall and, except for a couple of rises during growth spurts throughout childhood, don't surge again until puberty.
然后睾丸素水平会下降，除了在整个儿童期的生长突增期间有几次上升外，在青春期之前不要再上升。
During that time testosterone is responsible for many of the changes that take place.
在这段时间里，睾丸素是发生的许多变化的原因。
These include the growth of facial and body hair, lowering of the voice, a growth spurt,
这些变化包括面部和身体毛发的生长，声音的低沉，生长突增，
and increased muscle mass, all of which made our friend Triangle Bob the massive man we love today.
肌肉量的增加，所有的这些造就了我们今天喜爱的大块头男孩三角鲍勃。
Okay Triangle Bob! Yeah! Flex on em. Alright! Throughout adulthood, testosterone also plays a role in maintaining a sex drive, sperm production, and the maintenance of muscles and bones.
好了三角鲍勃！是的！好了！在整个成年期，睾丸素还在维持性欲、精子产生、肌肉和骨骼的维持方面发挥作用。
It's also thought to have an impact on the function of the ovaries, which require a balance between testosterone and estrogen.
据说它也影响卵巢的功能，它需要在睾丸素和雌激素之间达到一个平衡。
Clearly this hormone plays lot of important roles, so what happens if you have too much or too little of it?
显然，这个激素的作用非常重要，如果你的睾丸素太多或者太少会怎么样呢？
In children, too much testosterone can lead to an abnormally early puberty occurring before the age of 8 or 9.
在儿童时期，太多的睾丸素可导致青春期非正常地在小于八岁或九岁时提前来临。
While too little can result in the underdevelopment of sexual organs during fetal development or little to no changes during puberty.
睾丸素太少会导致胎儿发育期性器官发育不充分，或者是青春期很少或没有变化。
In adults, because having a higher than normal testosterone level is so rare,
在成人中，因为有高过正常睾丸素水平太罕见了，
most of what doctors know about it comes from research on manufactured substances like steroids that increase testosterone levels.
大多数医生知道的事例来自制造的物质的研究，比如提升睾丸素水平的类固醇。
These have been found to lower sperm counts, increase risk of heart attacks, cause liver disease and the swelling of the legs and feet.
研究发现它们能降低精子数量，增加心脏病发作的风险，导致肝病和腿部和脚的水肿。
It can also be an indication of polycystic ovary syndrome, which can cause irregular periods leading to cysts and infertility.
它也可能是多囊卵巢综合征的表现，这种情况可导致月经不规律，从而导致囊肿和不孕。
Low levels of testosterone, referred to as low T or hypogonadism, can also cause a multitude of issues,
低水平的睾丸素被称为“low T”或者性腺机能减退，它也可导致多种问题。
including the reduction of muscle bulk and body hair, mood disturbances,
包括肌肉量和身体毛发的减少，情绪障碍，
increased body fat, reduced sex drive, impotence, osteoporosis, and issues with memory and concentration. It's a long list.
身体脂肪增加，性欲降低，阳痿，骨质疏松症，记忆力和注意力问题。还有很多其它问题。
But, on the plus side, low T is treatable with supplementary injections and transdermal patches on the skin.
但是，有利的一面是，低睾丸素可以通过补充注射和皮肤透皮贴剂来治疗。
Some people even elect to take testosterone as a way of affirming their gender identity.
有些人甚至选择用睾丸素来确认他们的性别认同。
It's just one example of what's called Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, and it can do wonders for long term outcomes in transgender men and non-binary people.
这只是所谓的激素替代疗法（HRT）的一个例子，它对变性人和非双性恋者有非常好的长期治疗效果。
When it comes to testosterone, the correct balance is key.
说到睾丸素，正确的平衡才是关键。
And while this poor guy has a rough couple of years ahead of him, I think he turned out pretty good, if I do say so myself.
尽管这个可怜的家伙有很难的一些年头在等着他，我认为他最后会很好的，如果我真的这么说的话。
Wait where are you going? I promise i'M COOL! No lots of people think i'm cool! I got a whole youtube channel.
等下，你要去哪里？我发誓我很酷的！很多人认为我很酷！我有一大个油管频道。
So what words of wisdom would you have for anybody going through puberty right now?
你对那些正在经历青春期的人有什么至理名言要说呢？
Also if you have any stories related to growing up and you're comfortable with sharing, let me know in the comment section below.
如果你有任何关于成长的故事，而且你愿意分享的话，请在下面的评论区告诉我答案。
