海绵动物(下)
日期:2019-11-01 14:10

(单词翻译:单击)

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Sponges are very effective filter feeders, since they are able to capture and eat particles as small as bacteria as well as much larger particles.
海绵是非常高效的滤食动物,因为它们能够捕获并吃掉像细菌一样小的颗粒,以及更大的颗粒iVbuen%=9L
They might not look like they are doing much, but a simple demonstration shows how effectively sponges can pump water.
它们看起来可能做得并不多,但一个简单的演示可以显示出海绵泵水的效率有多高W,qCp8#2xu&ThNtfd_7
On a reef in the Caribbean, I make a dive with a syringe filled with a non-toxic dye called fluorescein.
在加勒比海的一个礁石上,我在潜水时,带了一个注射器,里面装满了一种叫做荧光素的无毒染料HS_52jZ%6XFc3aVN~2
By squirting it around the base of some sponges, we can observe how the water is moving by watching what the dye does.
把它喷在某些海绵的底部,我们可以通过观察染料的移动来了解水的流动情况q1h;J;JMWzjXQ;~
Within only seconds, the dye is pumped through the sponges along with the water.
在短短几秒钟内,染料和水一起被泵过海绵CA5I]EYA.3cQHG0B[
As you can see, a sponge is a pretty good water pump, and also a good strainer.
如你所见,海绵是一个很好的水泵,也是个不错的过滤器_pK1N^xRoDo_
Any plankton that goes in with the water, won't come back out through the osculum.
任何与水一起进入海绵体内的浮游生物,都不会跑出出水孔T~#Cydjr1Z
Tube sponges are even more spectacular to observe.
观察管状海绵则更为壮观UEwoFDmQ98l;3Ar_5X&g
They pump the dye so furiously that they look like a collection of miniature smoke stacks!
它们狂暴地喷着染料,看起来就像一群微型的烟囱!
The ultimate test is a hefty barrel sponge!
最后测试的是一个巨大的桶状海绵!
What will a big monster like this do?
这样大的怪物会做什么呢?
It takes a few seconds for the dye to work its way through the sponge…but then it pours out like smoke from a chimney.
几秒钟后染料就会在海绵里流动,但随后会像烟囱里的烟一样喷出来2V1,aLM[tcV1R
That's pretty good pumping from those tiny little collar cells!
从那些小小的襟细胞里抽出来的水真不错!
Since sponges can't get together to reproduce, they spawn in a way similar to coral.
由于海绵不能聚在一起繁殖,所以它们的产卵方式与珊瑚相似7B2DFcN5@mw|7

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The sperm is released into the water column by the male sponge and finds its way to the female sponges, where fertilization occurs internally.
精子被雄性海绵释放到水柱中,随后进入雌性海绵,在其体内受精*p,myCZYB3a
Eventually, the planktonic larvae are released from the female sponge and float around in the water column as plankton for only a few days.
最终,浮游生物的幼虫从雌性海绵中释放出来,作为浮游生物在水柱中漂浮数天hva6Ilcx2]-2bpV-b0&
They then settle down and start growing.
然后它们会安定下来,开始生长nRS38RFKhrW6@.ZBMb
Sponges don't have many predators.
海绵没有多少掠食者|,p@t2mfYT
There is not much nutritional value in a sponge and they're hard to digest.
海绵没有多少营养价值,而且很难消化N_GW-X@mJ+k
Hence, very few animals can eat sponges.
因此,很少有动物能吃海绵Eg*|+Ap~P^+
But something was clearly eating this sponge!
但很明显,有些动物可以吃掉海绵!
A sea turtle is the culprit.
海龟就是元凶XAO84PGLPb3k@U!V+-Be
Sea turtles are one of the principal predators of sponges, along with a few species of fish and some invertebrates like nudibranchs.
海龟是海绵生物的主要捕食者之一,还有一些鱼类和海蛞蝓等无脊椎动物也吃海绵oTRX-f^.+uqekr*pRXQ
Sponges might not be very exciting and they certainly don't have much personality, but they're an ancient animal that has been living in the oceans for at least half a billion years!
海绵可能不会让人感到非常兴奋,它们个性也不鲜明,但它们是一种远古动物,在海洋中生活了至少5亿年!
They can't crawl around, or swim, but they are very good at reproducing and feeding themselves by pumping water.
它们不会四处爬动,也不会游泳,但它们非常擅长通过泵水来繁殖和进食Wt-Bv]!AtX*KE8)6E@|
So, chances are, sponges will continue to populate the oceans longer than people will populate the Earth.
因此,海绵在海洋中的生存时间可能要比人类在地球上的生存时间更长pyHsuMDt4[~dG5r

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