海洋中的共生关系 (下)
日期:2019-04-04 15:16

(单词翻译:单击)

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Fifteen minutes later, with the anemones planted on her new shell, the hermit crab has completed her move.
十五分钟后,寄居蟹把海葵都放到了新壳上,大功告成%_vVZGCamot-
She leaves her old shell for the next hermit crab a bit smaller than herself.
她把旧壳留给下一只比她小点的寄居蟹QbFp5&Gp3zI2=c%Jx
Another crab has a different symbiotic strategy for survival.
另一种蟹有着不同的共生策略tqB66,Ifk&
This decorator crab grows living sponges, hydroids, algae, and tunicates on its body to create camouflage.
这种装饰蟹在其身体上生长活海绵、水生生物、藻类和被囊类动物用作伪装eDgq.Gv^3U*Bi(xv
When the crab holds still, you will never see it against the similar background.
当它静止不动时,永远不会在相似的背景下发现它;@Zr9hwef=uz@+Ola
Only when it moves does it give itself away.
只有当它移动时,它才会暴露自己kQq6S2+ak@IPCFyh&Hyj
In the ocean, perhaps the animals most commonly involved in symbiotic relationships are shrimp.
在海洋中,最常参与共生关系的动物也许是虾Oe75|.ShaNC~-Hy=B
Shrimp are found associated with sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sea stars, crinoids, nudibranchs, anemones, coral...you name it. They are everywhere.
人们发现虾与海参、海胆、海星、海百合、裸鳃类动物、海葵、珊瑚等,它们无处不在fj8^WMj+z!sSC|*J
Why? Well, because they make great snacks.
为什么?嗯,因为它们是美味的小食#IT2TnDzh2
Fish love to eat shrimp, so shrimp need to be clever to keep from becoming lunch.
鱼喜欢吃虾,所以虾要聪明一些才不会变成别人的午餐dCxtWFey9ysHfVgSS4h
Out on the sandy sea floor of the Philippines, a fire urchin slowly makes its way across the bottom, feeding on algae.
在菲律宾的沙质海底,一只火海胆慢慢地穿过海底,进食藻类*~t(zQs((tX2&auJP
The urchin’s venomous spines protect it from most predators.
海胆的毒刺保护它不受大多数食肉动物的伤害,X;rlc3B%VF2us!X
On top of the urchin, a pair of Coleman shrimp ride like first class passengers. The shrimp have used their claws to clear the spines off a little spot they call home.
在海胆顶部,一对科尔曼虾像头等舱的乘客guJ6i+@kZ+Op。小虾们用爪子把它们小家那块的刺清除掉dombPHnS.8tE0X*[
This is a commensal relationship because the shrimp get protection from the urchin, but they don’t offer anything in return to the urchin.
这是一种共栖关系,因为虾得到了对海胆的保护,但它们不给海胆任何回报58^Nc5G=om(+Mx8
Neither do they harm the urchin, so they are not parasites either.
它们也不会伤害海胆,所以它们也不是寄生虫TiFhGehNHVXlJNXNVJg

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Another shrimp, another free ride. This Spanish Dancer is a large nudibranch--a snail without a shell. It’s about the size of your hand.
又一种虾,又一种搭便车NX#_1R&M6-DYc.|Tddm。这位西班牙舞蹈家是一个大型的裸足动物,大小和你手的差不多,裸足动物是一种没有壳的蜗牛).|yNT3oijc&||Y;O
On its back rides an Imperial shrimp.
它背上骑着一只帝国虾KTF4xS3urgIO]xO*
The shrimp survives by eating the nudibranch’s poop.
虾吃了海蛞蝓的粪便后存活下来hH(GZ8TM5Pq2k]M+xPr
It gets a free ride and a meal from the nudibranch, but it gives nothing in return.
它搭海蛞蝓的便车,还从海蛞蝓那获得食物,但不回报任何东西SVw(j1ZRON
Here’s a shrimp with a little more to offer.
这只虾能回报一些东西&ats)A3BFS@H_U0
This shrimp lives with a Goby, a small fish, in a burrow in the sand on the sea floor.
这只虾和一种小的鰕虎鱼生活在一起,它们住在海底沙地上的一个洞穴里8Yccx(Jl9J2~dOk1YNs
The shrimp works hard to keep the place clean and tidy, constantly arranging the rocks at the entrance and shoveling out the sand that gets inside.
小虾努力工作,让住处干净、整洁,它还不停在入口处放石块,铲出滑进去的沙子5v7K4)8|Kh!S|-^t
Why do all this work for the goby? The shrimp needs someone to stand guard.
为什么要为鰕虎鱼做这些事呢?因为小虾需要有人帮它站岗放哨uP]+QR8k_8.GAOK^Ub
While it works, the shrimp keeps one antenna in contact with the goby while the fish keeps its eyes peeled.
虾工作时,它用一个触角与鰕虎鱼接触,鰕虎鱼则观察周围动静Ki&azN@vINZr;ui]1[,
If the goby moves, the shrimp retreats.
如果鰕虎鱼移动,虾就会退回洞穴#7kpG([sJ2i0
This is classic mutualistic symbiosis because both animals get something out of their relationship.
这是典型的互惠共生关系,因为两种动物都从它们的关系中得到一些好处5jUS37hP^INf
High above the shrimp’s head is a much larger animal—a whale shark, the size of a bus.
在小虾们头顶的上方是一种超大的动物——鲸鲨,它有公共汽车那么大EfSCBBJW~6KQyaSRj_
Swimming around it are a few fish called jacks. These fish are using the whale shark as a body guard.
在它周围游动的是一些鲹科鱼类,这些鱼用鲸鲨作保镖DMuGSLbDaYT]i(JVq
They know that nothing will dare attack the whale shark—it’s too big.
它们知道没有谁敢攻击鲸鲨,因为它太大了k3!qNxZX7w
So if they hang around, they are safe too.
所以如果在它附近游动,它们也是安全的,9BLD;j50Xf*w77lQ@LR
The whale shark eats only plankton and tiny fish, so the jacks are safe from the shark’s humongous appetite.
鲸鲨只吃浮游生物和小鱼,所以鲹科鱼类不用担心会被吞入鲨鱼巨大的胃中Nyuh&a-_H_
These are only a handful of examples of the symbiotic relationships in the ocean.
这些只是海洋中共生关系的少数几个例子QtC0rVeAzto^Au87dSX
There are thousands of different animals all working together to survive, and it is one of the things that makes the blue world so exciting to explore.
有成千上万种不同的动物一起努力生存,这也是探索蓝色世界令人感到兴奋的原因mcLD,Vy]iq@(

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重点单词
  • whalen. 鲸 vi. 捕鲸 v. 鞭打,打击,打败
  • survivevt. 比 ... 活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过 vi.
  • protectvt. 保护,投保
  • shelln. 壳,外壳 v. 去壳,脱落,拾贝壳 n.[计
  • strategyn. 战略,策略
  • sandyadj. 沙,含沙的,沙色的,不稳固的 Sandy n.
  • imperialadj. 帝国(王)的,至尊的,特大的 n. 皇帝,女皇
  • protectionn. 保护,防卫
  • camouflagen. 伪装,掩饰,迷彩服 v. 伪装,欺瞒
  • crabn. 蟹 v. 捕蟹,使横行 n. 爱争吵的人 n. [