What happens when technology knows more about us than we do?
当科技比我们更了解自己时，会发生甚么事呢？
A computer now can detect our slightest facial microexpressions
现今的计算机，可以侦测到我们的微表情，
and be able to tell the difference between a real smile and a fake one.
它分辨得出真笑和假笑。
That's only the beginning. Technology has become incredibly intelligent and already knows a lot about our internal states.
但这只是个开始。科技日益进步，它知道很多我们的内心世界。
And whether we like it or not, we already are sharing parts of our inner lives that's out of our control.
不管我们喜欢与否，我们已将自己部分内心世界分享出去，这不在我们的掌控之中。
That seems like a problem, because a lot of us like to keep what's going on inside from what people actually see.
那似乎是个问题，因为我们当中很多人，喜欢隐藏内心想法，让旁人无从察觉。
We want to have agency over what we share and what we don't. We all like to have a poker face.
我们想要掌握自主权去选择什么可被分享、什么不可以。我们都想要张扑克脸。
But I'm here to tell you that I think that's a thing of the past.
但我在这里告诉你们，我认为这种想法已经过时。
And while that might sound scary, it's not necessarily a bad thing.
尽管这件事好像颇为吓人，但未必是件坏事。
I've spent a lot of time studying the circuits in the brain that create the unique perceptual realities that we each have.
我花了很多时间研究脑内的回路，它创造了我们独特的感知。
And now I bring that together with the capabilities of current technology
现在我把它和当今科技结合，创造新技术，
to create new technology that does make us better, feel more, connect more.
令我们更好、感受更多、联系更多。
And I believe to do that, we have to be OK losing some of our agency.
而我认为要达到这个目的，我们要接受失去一些自主权。
With some animals, it's really amazing, and we get to see into their internal experiences.
和某些动物在一起时，真的很奇妙。我们可知道它们的内心经历。
We get this upfront look at the mechanistic interaction between how they respond to the world around them and the state of their biological systems.
我们可直接得知它们对周围环境的反应和生理系统状态之间的相互影响。
This is where evolutionary pressures like eating,
这就是来自进化的压力，像是进食、
mating and making sure we don't get eaten drive deterministic behavioral responses to information in the world.
交配和确保我们不会被吃掉，促使确定性行为响应我们身边的信息。
And we get to see into this window, into their internal states and their biological experiences.
而我们透过这个窗口，透视它们的心理状态及生理变化。
It's really pretty cool. Now, stay with me for a moment -- I'm a violinist, not a singer.
这真的很酷。现在请你们忍受我一会儿。我是个小提琴手，不是歌唱家。
But the spider's already given me a critical review.
但这只蜘蛛已挑剔地批评我。
It turns out, some spiders tune their webs like violins to resonate with certain sounds.
由此可知，有些蜘蛛会调节自己的蜘蛛网，像小提琴一样调至特定的音阶。
And likely, the harmonics of my voice as it went higher coupled with how loud I was singing
同样地，我唱歌的音调随分贝数拉高，
recreated either the predatory call of an echolocating bat or a bird, and the spider did what it should.
重新创造类似捕猎者，蝙蝠或鸟的回声定位。而蜘蛛做了它应该做的事。
It predictively told me to bug off. I love this.
它预言性地叫我离开。我爱这样。
The spider's responding to its external world in a way that we get to see and know what's happening to its internal world.
蜘蛛回应外在环境时，我们由此看到并了解它的内心世界。
Biology is controlling the spider's response; it's wearing its internal state on its sleeve.
生理控制着蜘蛛的反应，它把自己最真实的情感流露出来。
But us, humans -- we're different.
但我们，人类--我们不一样。
We like to think we have cognitive control over what people see,
我们自认能够控制自己的感知能力，像是让别人怎样看待、
know and understand about our internal states -- our emotions, our insecurities, our bluffs, our trials and tribulations
知道和理解我们的内心世界、我们的情感、我们的局促不安、我们的虚张声势、我们的麻烦和艰难
and how we respond. We get to have our poker face.
以及我们的反应。我们需要一张扑克脸。
Or maybe we don't. Try this with me. Your eye responds to how hard your brain is working.
但或者，我们其实并不需要。跟我一起尝试这样做。你的眼睛能反映出大脑使用的程度。
The response you're about to see is driven entirely by mental effort and has nothing to do with changes in lighting.
接下来你看到的反应完全出于心理因素，和亮度没有关系。
We know this from neuroscience. I promise, your eyes are doing the same thing as the subject in our lab,
我保证这有神经科学的根据。你的眼睛和实验室受试者的眼睛会做相同的事，
whether you want them to or not. At first, you'll hear some voices.
无论你愿意与否。首先你会听到一些声音。
Try and understand them and keep watching the eye in front of you.
尝试去了解，而且定睛于你面前的眼睛。
It's going to be hard at first, one should drop out, and it should get really easy.
一开始会有点难。要放弃真的很容易。
You're going to see the change in effort in the diameter of the pupil.
从瞳孔的直径你可以看见心理因素的变化。
Intelligent technology depends on personal data.
智能科技仰赖个人数据。
Intelligent technology depends on personal data.
智能科技仰赖个人数据。
Your pupil doesn't lie. Your eye gives away your poker face.
你的瞳孔不会说谎。你的眼睛拆穿了你的扑克脸。
When your brain's having to work harder, your autonomic nervous system drives your pupil to dilate. When it's not, it contracts.
当你的脑袋越努力地想事情，自主神经系统驱使瞳孔扩大。在相反的情况下，瞳孔缩小。
When I take away one of the voices, the cognitive effort to understand the talkers gets a lot easier.
当只有一种声音时，理解说话内容需要的精力减少。
I could have put the two voices in different spatial locations,
我把两种声音分别放在两个地方，
I could have made one louder. You would have seen the same thing.
如果我将其中一种声音调大，出来的效果也是一样。
We might think we have more agency over the reveal of our internal state than that spider, but maybe we don't.
我们可能自认为比蜘蛛有更多自主权，能控制披露自己的内心状态与否，但或许不如我们所想象的。
Today's technology is starting to make it really easy to see the signals and tells that give us away.
现今科技很容易就读懂我们内心深处释出的信号。
The amalgamation of sensors paired with machine learning on us, around us and in our environments,
传感器连同机器学习，与我们、周遭、环境相结合，
is a lot more than cameras and microphones tracking our external actions.
远远不止追踪我们行动的相机和麦克风而已。
Our bodies radiate our stories from changes in the temperature of our physiology.
我们身体的生理温度变化辐射出我们的故事。
We can look at these as infrared thermal images showing up behind me, where reds are hotter and blues are cooler.
看看我身后的红外线温度图。红色代表较高温，蓝色代表低温。
The dynamic signature of our thermal response gives away our changes in stress, how hard our brain is working,
动态的身体温度信号让我们对压力的反应露了馅，我们有多努力用脑想问题，
whether we're paying attention and engaged in the conversation we might be having
我们和别人聊天时是否专注并参与其中，
and even whether we're experiencing a picture of fire as if it were real.
甚至我们是否像身历其境遭火炙。
We can actually see people give off heat on their cheeks in response to an image of flame.
人们的脸颊真的会散发出热力来响应火焰的影像。
But aside from giving away our poker bluffs,
除了假装冷漠露了馅，
what if dimensions of data from someone's thermal response gave away a glow of interpersonal interest?
如果反应的人体温度数据也让人际关系露了馅呢？
Tracking the honesty of feelings in someone's thermal image might be a new part of how we fall in love and see attraction.
用温度图追踪人的真诚感受，可能是部分坠入爱河和侦测吸引力的新颖方式。
Our technology can listen, develop insights and make predictions about our mental and physical health
我们的科技可以聆听、洞察和预测我们心理和生理的健康，
just by analyzing the timing dynamics of our speech and language picked up by microphones.
只需分析麦克风收到的语言节奏变化。
Groups have shown that changes in the statistics of our language paired with machine learning
数据显示，透过搭配人们的语言变化数据和机器，
can predict the likelihood someone will develop psychosis.
可以预测一个人有精神病的可能性。
I'm going to take it a step further and look at linguistic changes and changes in our voice that show up with a lot of different conditions.
我将更深入地探讨，在不同的情况下，我们语言和声音上的改变。
Dementia, diabetes can alter the spectral coloration of our voice.
老年痴呆和糖尿病可改变声音中的光谱颜色。
Changes in our language associated with Alzheimer's can sometimes show up more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.
与阿兹海默症有关的语言变化，能在临床诊断的前十年就被发现。

What we say and how we say it tells a much richer story than we used to think.
我们表达的内容和怎样表达比我们想象中透露出更多信息。
And devices we already have in our homes could, if we let them, give us invaluable insight back.
家中已有的仪器，如果我们允许，可以让它们把珍贵的数据传送回来。
The chemical composition of our breath gives away our feelings.
我们呼吸中的化学成分，能透露我们的感觉。
There's a dynamic mixture of acetone, isoprene and carbon dioxide that changes
由丙酮、异戊二烯和二氧化碳所组成的混合物成分，
when our heart speeds up, when our muscles tense, and all without any obvious change in our behaviors.
在心跳加速、肌肉紧张时不断变化。但我们的行为不会有明显的改变。
Alright, I want you to watch this clip with me.
请你们跟我一同看这段影片。
Some things might be going on on the side screens, but try and focus on the image in the front and the man at the window.
有些东西可能出现在两旁的屏幕，但尝试把注意力集中在前面的影像和窗户旁的男人。
Sorry about that. I needed to get a reaction.
抱歉让你们经历这些。我需要你们的反应。
I'm actually tracking the carbon dioxide you exhale in the room right now.
我正追踪你们在这房间呼出的二氧化碳。
We've installed tubes throughout the theater, lower to the ground, because CO2 is heavier than air.
我们在整间讲厅安装了管道，在地下，因为二氧化碳比空气重。
But they're connected to a device in the back
这些管道连接后面的仪器，
that lets us measure, in real time, with high precision, the continuous differential concentration of CO2.
可以实时、准确地计算一连串的二氧化碳浓度变化。
The clouds on the sides are actually the real-time data visualization of the density of our CO2.
旁边的云图显示出这里二氧化碳浓度。
You might still see a patch of red on the screen,
你可能见到屏幕上有一小块红色，
because we're showing increases with larger colored clouds, larger colored areas of red.
因为它显示有颜色的云团增多，红色的区域增多。
And that's the point where a lot of us jumped.
这正是显示我们被吓到的时候。
It's our collective suspense driving a change in carbon dioxide.
是我们集体的焦虑导致二氧化碳变化。
Alright, now, watch this with me one more time.
现在再看一次这段影片。
You knew it was coming. But it's a lot different when we changed the creator's intent.
你们已经知道会发生什么事。当我们改变了创作者的意图，差别会很大。
Changing the music and the sound effects completely alter the emotional impact of that scene.
转换了音乐和音效，完全改变了那场景带来的情绪影响。
And we can see it in our breath. Suspense, fear, joy all show up as reproducible, visually identifiable moments.
从我们的呼吸可以知道，焦虑、恐惧、欢乐，都显示可重复的、视觉上可以辨识的时刻。
We broadcast a chemical signature of our emotions. It is the end of the poker face.
这些化学特质传达了我们的情绪。扑克脸的时代将就此终结。
Our spaces, our technology will know what we're feeling.
我们的空间、科技将会知道我们的情感。
We will know more about each other than we ever have.
我们将前所未有地更了解彼此。
We get a chance to reach in and connect to the experience and sentiments
我们有机会在情感上与社交上，
that are fundamental to us as humans in our senses, emotionally and socially.
交换那些身为人类基本拥有的经验与观点。
I believe it is the era of the empath.
我相信这是一个同理心的时代。
And we are enabling the capabilities that true technological partners can bring to how we connect with each other and with our technology.
我们正在实现那些能力，是真正的技术合作伙伴能够带来的能力，它能够连结我们彼此，也能连结我们与技术。
If we recognize the power of becoming technological empaths,
如果意识到我们能用技术达到同理心的力量，
we get this opportunity where technology can help us bridge the emotional and cognitive divide.
我们就掌有机会，用科技帮助我们跨越情感和认知的鸿沟。
And in that way, we get to change how we tell our stories.
如此一来，我们就能改变叙事的方法。
We can enable a better future for technologies like augmented reality to extend our own agency and connect us at a much deeper level.
我们能为“扩增实境”等技术创造更美好的未来，扩大我们的自主权，并令彼此更深入地连结。
Imagine a high school counselor being able to realize that an outwardly cheery student really was having a deeply hard time,
试想像高中的辅导老师能注意到表面欢乐的学生其实正经历着艰难的日子。
where reaching out can make a crucial, positive difference.
给予这名学生支持，由此得到关键且正向的结果。
Or authorities, being able to know the difference
或是让权威人士有能力分辨
between someone having a mental health crisis and a different type of aggression, and responding accordingly.
一个人是有心理健康障碍还是具有侵略性，并根据情况作出响应。
Or an artist, knowing the direct impact of their work.
或者让艺术工作者能知晓其作品对人们的影响。
Leo Tolstoy defined his perspective of art by whether what the creator intended was experienced by the person on the other end.
列夫·托尔斯泰将艺术定义为创造者透过作品把自己的想法传达给观赏者。
Today's artists can know what we're feeling.
如今艺术工作者能知道我们的感受。
But regardless of whether it's art or human connection,
但无论是艺术或人际的连结，
today's technologies will know and can know what we're experiencing on the other side,
当今科技将会知道、能够知道我们不为人知的经历，
and this means we can be closer and more authentic.
这代表我们之间会更接近、更真诚。
But I realize a lot of us have a really hard time with the idea of sharing our data,
但我明白有很多人抗拒分享与自身相关数据的做法，
and especially the idea that people know things about us that we didn't actively choose to share.
特别是别人能洞悉我们不想与之分享的想法。
Anytime we talk to someone, look at someone or choose not to look, data is exchanged, given away,
无论何时，当我们和人交谈、看着别人或不看时，数据已被交换并传递出去，
that people use to learn, make decisions about their lives and about ours.
人们利用这些数据了解我们，由此做了和我们相关的决定。
I'm not looking to create a world where our inner lives are ripped open
我不是想创造一个内心生活要被剖开的世界，
and our personal data and our privacy given away to people and entities where we don't want to see it go.
把我们的私人数据和隐私给我们不想给的人看。
But I am looking to create a world where we can care about each other more effectively,
我想创造一个可以让我们更有效地关心彼此的世界，
we can know more about when someone is feeling something that we ought to pay attention to.
当有人需要被关心时，我们可以获得更多信息。
And we can have richer experiences from our technology.
科技让我们有更丰富的经验。
Any technology can be used for good or bad.
任何科技都可用来行善或犯罪。
Transparency to engagement and effective regulation are absolutely critical to building the trust for any of this.
参与的透明度和有效的规范，这两项要素能帮助科技建立信任。
But the benefits that "empathetic technology" can bring to our lives are worth solving the problems that make us uncomfortable.
同理心技术带给生活的好处，值得让我们解决令人不安的问题。
And if we don't, there are too many opportunities and feelings we're going to be missing out on. Thank you.
如果我们不解决的话，会有太多的机会和感受被我们忽略。谢谢！