Hi, I'm Gina.Welcome to Oxford Online English!Where do you live?
嗨，我是 Gina。欢迎来到 Oxford Online English！你住在哪里？
Do you live in a small town, a big city, or a remote village?What's it like?
你住在一个小城镇，一个大城市，还是一个偏僻的村庄？它是什么样的？
In this lesson, you can learn how to describe your hometown in English.
本节课，你可以学习如何用英语描述你的家乡。
Let's start with some basic English vocabulary you can use to talk about your hometown.
让我们先从一些基础词汇开始，你可以用它们来谈论你的家乡。
Part one: introducing your hometown.Let's start with a simple sentence.
第一部分：介绍你的家乡。让我们从一个简单的句子开始。
"I live in a ''__."What could you say?You could say something like: "I live in a city";
“我住在一个''__。”你可以说什么？你可以这么说：“我住在城市里”；
"I live in a town"; "I live in a village."That's a good start, but it's very basic.
“我住在小镇上”；“我住在村子里。”这是一个好的开始，但是非常简单。
Let's add a bit more detail.What's it called?How big is it?
让我们多加入一些细节。它的名字是什么？它多大？
"I live in Paris. It's the capital city";"I live in Shanghai. It's a huge city";
“我住在巴黎。它是首都城市”；“我住在上海。它是一个非常大的城市”；
"I live in a small town. It's called Banbury";"I live in Manarola, which is a tiny village by the sea."
“我住在一个小镇子里。它的名字是 Banbury”；“我住在 Manarola，是一个靠海边的小村庄。”
Better! You should always try to add more details when you speak.
好多了！在你说话的时候应该加入更多的细节。
What about you?Where do you live?Can you make one or two sentences like this?Pause the video and practice!Okay, let's move on.
你呢？你住在哪？你能造一个或两个这样的句子吗？暂停视频，练习一下！好，让我们继续吧。
We need to make our answers more detailed and interesting.Part two: adding background and details.
我们需要确保我们的答案更具体且有意思。第二部分：加入背景和细节。
Think about these questions: What's your hometown famous for?
想想这些问题：你的故乡什么出名？
Can you think of some words you could use to describe your hometown?How long have you lived there?
你能想一些可以用来描绘你的故乡的单词吗？你住在那多久了？
Add these ideas to your answer to make it longer and more detailed.For example: "I live in Paris, the capital city.
把这些想法融入到你的答案里，让其更长更具体。例如：“我住在巴黎，首都城市。
It's famous for its landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral or the Louvre.
它凭各种地标而闻名，比如埃菲尔铁塔，巴黎圣母院还有卢浮宫。
It's also well-known for its food, of course!""I live in Shanghai.It's a huge, bustling, international city.
当然了，它的美食也很有名！”“我住在上海。它是一个繁华的国际大都市。
People from all over the world live and work there.""I live in a small town called Banbury.
来自世界各地的人们在这里居住和工作。“我住在一个叫 Banbury 的小城市里。
I've been living there for about five years, since I finished university.It's a pretty sleepy place, to be honest."
自从我大学毕业以后，我已经在这里住了5年了。说实话，这是一个很沉闷的地方。
Let's look at some useful vocabulary from these examples which you can use when you speak.
让我们看一些这些例子里有用的词汇，你可以在口语中用到。
We said: "Paris is famous for its landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower."
我们说：“巴黎因想埃菲尔铁塔这样的地标而闻名。”
Landmarks are famous places or buildings, like the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Sydney Opera House or Christ the Redeemer in Rio.
地标是著名的地点或者建筑，像巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔，细腻的歌剧院或者里约热内卢的基督像。
Does your hometown have any famous landmarks?What are they called in English?
你的家乡有什么有名的地标吗？它们用英语怎么说？
Next, we said: "Shanghai is a bustling city."Do you know what this means?
接下来，我们说：“上海是一个繁华的城市。”你知道这是什么意思吗？
It means there's a lot of activity.There are lots of people, lots of traffic, lots of life and energy.
它意味着这里有很多活动。有很多人，很多车辆，很多生物和能源。
Is your city bustling or sleepy?If a town is sleepy there's not much activity and things are quiet.
你的城市是繁华的还是沉闷的？如果一个城镇是沉闷的，那这里没有什么活动，而且很安静。
What about your hometown?Look at our questions again: What's your hometown famous for?
你的家乡怎么样？再看一下我们的问题：你的家乡什么出名？
Can you think of some words you could use to describe your hometown?
你能想一些词汇可以描述你的家乡吗？
How long have you lived there?What could you say about your hometown?
你在那住了多久了？关于家乡你会说什么？
Pause the video and try to make 2-3 sentences.Okay? Let's look at our next point.
暂停这个视频，试着造2-3个句子。对吧？让我们看下面这点。
Part three: saying what you like about your hometown.What's good about your hometown?
第三部分：说说你喜欢你家乡的哪点。你的家乡哪里好？
What do you like most about it?Different people like different things in a city or town.
你最喜欢它什么？在城市或小镇里，不同的人喜欢不同的事物。
Let's look at some example sentences which express positive feelings: "I love living in Paris.
让我们看一些表达了正面感受的例句：“我喜欢住在巴黎。
It's got such a rich culture and there's always something interesting going on.""Shanghai's a great place to live.
这里文化底蕴丰厚，总是有很多有趣的事发生。”“上海是一个非常适合居住的城市。
It's a real 24-hour city and you can meet people from all over the world.""Living in Banbury suits me.
它真的是一座不夜城，你可以在这里遇见来自世界各地的人。”“在Banbury 居住很适合我。
It's a quiet place and it's small enough that you can get to know your neighbours and have a sense of community."What's important for you?
这里很安静，它很小以至于周围人都认识，你会有一种集体感。”对你而言什么是重要的？
Do you want to live somewhere with a rich culture and a sense of history, or do you prefer more modern, international cities?
你喜欢住在历史文化丰富的地方，还是更喜欢具有现代感的国际化都市？
Would you rather live somewhere larger and more energetic, or somewhere smaller and more peaceful?
你更愿意住在有活力的大城市，还是安静祥和的小城市？
Think about these ideas.You'll need them in a minute!
想想这些观点。你会用得到的！
Let's look at some useful language from our examples: "I love living in __;" "__ is a great place to live;" "Living in __ suits me."
让我们来看一些有用造句用语。“我喜欢住在 __；” “ __ 是很适合居住的”；“住在 __ 适合我。”
Of course, you can change these to say what you want to: "I quite like living in __;"I really like living in __;"
当然了，你可以改变把这里改成你想说的内容：“我很喜欢住在 __；”“我真的喜欢住在 __；”
"I suppose I don't mind living in __."We also saw some useful phrases in our examples: "It's got such a rich culture";
“我觉得我不介意住在 __。”我们也在例子里会看到一些有用的短语：“它有丰富的文化”；
"There's always something interesting going on";"It's a real 24-hour city";"You can meet people from all over the world";
“这里总会有有趣的事情发生”；“它真的是一座不夜城”；“你可以遇见来自世界各地的人”；
"It's small enough that you can get to know your neighbours";"You have a sense of community."What does that last phrase mean?
“这里很小，所以你能认识周围的人”；“你会感受到集体感。”最后一个短语是什么意思？
If you have a sense of community, it means people know their neighbours and feel like they belong to a wider community.
如果你有集体感，它意味着周围的人们都认识彼此而且像是同属于一个大社区。
Smaller towns and villages often have a better sense of community, perhaps because people have more time to talk to each other and do things together.
小一点的城镇或者是村庄经常会有更强烈的集体感，或许是因为人们有更多的时间同每个人聊天或者一起做事。
What about your hometown?Could you use any of these phrases to describe where you live?
你的家乡怎么样？你能用这里的任意短语来描述你住的地方吗？
Next, what if you don't like something about your hometown?Part four: saying what you dislike.
接下来，如果你不喜欢你家乡的某些地方怎么办？第四部分：说说你不喜欢的地方。
Let's look at some examples which express negative feelings: "Paris is great, but the cost of living is really high.
让我们看一些表达反面感受的例子：“巴黎很好，但是生活成本真的很高。
That can be quite stressful because you're always thinking about money and how to make ends meet."
压力会很大因为你总会想钱以及如何维持生计。”
"Shanghai's an exciting place, but it's really crowded and it can be exhausting to live there.
“上海是一个令人兴奋的地方，但是真的很拥挤而且在这里生活真的很累。
Air quality can be an issue, particularly in the summer.""Banbury's nice, but sometimes I find it a bit boring.
空气质量是一个问题，特别是夏天。”“Banbur不错，但是有时候我觉得这里有些无趣。
There's not much nightlife and sometimes it feels a bit cut off from the wider world."
这里没什么夜生活，有时感觉像和更广阔的世界隔离了。
When talking about things you don't like about your hometown, you can use adjectives like, 'stressful', 'crowded', 'boring'.
当谈论家乡你不喜欢的地方时，你可以用类似这些形容词，‘有压力的’，‘拥挤的’，‘无趣的’。
You can make your answer more interesting by using phrases.
你可以通过使用短语让你的回答更有意思。
We saw some useful ones in our examples: "The cost of living is really high";
我们在例句里看到了一些有趣的例子：“生活成本真的很高”；
"You're always thinking about how to make ends meet."
“你总是在想钱和如何维持生计。”
Meaning: you're always thinking about how to pay for your basic living costs.
意思是：你总是在想如何支付你的基本生活开支。
"It can be exhausting to live there";"Air quality can be an issue";
“在这里生活很累”；“空气质量是一个问题”；
"There's not much nightlife";"It feels a bit cut off from the wider world."
“这里没什么夜生活”；“感觉有点和广阔的外界隔离了。”
Meaning: you feel like you're far away from people, culture and activity.
意思是：你感觉自己离人群，文化和活动很远。
Could you use any of these phrases to describe your hometown?
你能使用这些里面的任何短语来描述你的家乡吗？
Remember that you can also change the phrases to fit your ideas.
记住你同样可以修改短语使其符合你的家乡。
For example: "Traffic can be an issue";"There's not much for young people to do";
例如：“交通是一个问题”；“这里没什么适合年轻人的活动”；
"It can be very stressful to live here."Okay, what about you?
“在这里生活压力很大。”好了，你呢？
Try to make 3-4 sentences.Say what you like and dislike about your hometown.
试着造3到4个句子。说说你喜欢家乡的什么以及不喜欢什么。
Use the key words and phrases from parts 3 and 4.
使用第三部分和第四部分的关键词和短语。
Go on, pause the video and practice!Okay? We have one more thing to do.
接着，暂停视频，练习一下。好了吗？我们有一件更重要的事要做。
Part five: describing how it's changed over time.
第五部分：描述它是如何随时间流逝而变化的。
What was your hometown like ten, twenty or fifty years ago?
你的家乡在10年，20年或者50年前是什么样的？
How has it changed?How has it changed over time?
它是如何改变的？它是如何随着时间而变化的？
Some places change very fast; other places never seem to change at all!
有些地方变化得很快；其他的地方总是看起来一点没变。
Talking about changes can add interesting and useful information to your description.
谈谈变化可以给你的描述加入趣味和有意义的信息。
Let's look: "Paris has changed a lot in the last twenty years.
让我们看看：“巴黎在过去的20年里改变了很多。
It's much more international and much more expensive than it used to be.
它更国际化了而且物价比过去更高了。
However, the soul of the city is still there.Paris will always be Paris!"
然而，这座城市的灵魂依然没变。巴黎永远都是巴黎！”
"Shanghai is almost unrecognisable compared to twenty or thirty years ago.
“上海和二十或者是三十年前相比简直判若两地。
The city has expanded so much, both physically and economically.
这个城市发展了很多，无论是在环境上还是在经济上。
It's amazing when you see old photos of the city; things are so different now!"
当你看到这座城市的老照片时会很惊讶；现在，事物是如此的不同了！”
"Banbury hasn't changed much as a place in the last twenty years, but the mix of people is a bit different nowadays.
“Banbury 作为一个地方，在过去的20年里基本没怎么变化，但现如今这里人口的构成有了一些不同。
The population used to be older and mostly English, whereas now there are more young people living here, including many people from other parts of Europe."
过去这里大多是年长者而且说英语，然而现在有很多年轻人住在这里，包括很多从欧洲其他地方过来的人。”
Again, these examples contain a lot of useful language you can use to talk about your hometown.
再说一次，这些例句里包含很多有用的语言可以用来谈论你的家乡。
For example: ''__ has changed a lot in the last twenty years";
例如：“__ 在过去的20年里变化很大”；
''__ is almost unrecognisable compared to twenty years ago";
“__ 和20年前相比，简直判若两地”；
''__ hasn't changed much as a place in the last twenty years."
“__ 作为一个地方，在过去的20年没有什么变化。”
Which of these sentences is true for your hometown?Can you add details to explain why?
这些句子当中哪个和你的家乡一致？你可以加入更多细节并解释吗？
For example: "It's much more __ than it used to be";"The city has __ so much";"The __ is a bit different nowadays."
例如：“它同过去相比更 __ 了“；“这个城市有如此多的 __ ”；“今天的 __ 有些不同了。”
Now, you've seen a lot of useful language you can use to talk about your hometown.
现在你会看到很多有用的句型，你可以用它们来描述你的家乡。
Let's put everything together and practice making a longer answer.Part six: review.
让我们把一切汇总起来，做出一个长点的回答。第六部分：回顾。
Do you remember all the points we talked about?
你还记得我们一共谈论了几点吗？
We covered: Introducing your hometown, adding background and details, talking about what you like or dislike about it, talking about how it's changed over time.
我们谈论了：介绍你的家乡，加上背景和细节，谈谈家乡你喜欢喝不喜欢的地方，谈谈它是如何随时间变化而变化的。
Follow these points and you can make a long, detailed answer to describe your hometown.
遵循这几点，你可以得出一个长且具体的答案，用来描述你的家乡。
For example: "I live in St Petersburg.It's the second largest city in Russia, and it's a beautiful place to live.
例如：“我住在圣彼得堡。它是俄罗斯的第二大城市，是一个很美丽的居住地。
I've lived here all my life and I can't imagine living anywhere else!
我一生都住在这里，我无法想象自己住在其他任何地方。
It has such a rich culture, I think partly because the city's history is a mix of European and Russian influences.
这里有丰富的文化，我认为一部分是因为这里座城市的历史融合了欧洲和俄国的影响。
I think that's why I like it here—it's a unique place.
我认为这是我为什么喜欢这里的原因—它是独一无二的地方。
Traffic can be an issue in the city centre, but public transport is very good.
在城市的中心交通是一个问题，但是公共交通很不错。
The city hasn't changed much in the last twenty years, although there are certainly more and more tourists these days!"
在过去的20年里，这座城市没有改变很多，尽管这里最近确实有越来越多的游客！”
Could you make an answer like this?Let's do one more example first.
你能做一个像这样的回答吗？让我们先看更多的例子。
I'll tell you about my hometown: "I'm from Denver, the capital of Colorado.
我来给你讲讲我的家乡：“我来自丹佛，科罗拉多州的首府。
It's near the Rocky Mountains, so the surrounding area is quite beautiful.I've been living here for about three years.
它靠着落基山脉，所以周围地区很漂亮。我在这里住了大概三年。

I really like Denver because it's a young city with lots of energy, but if you need a break it's easy to drive to the mountains and find a quiet place to relax.
我真的很喜欢丹佛，因为它是一座很年轻，有活力的城市，但是如果你需要有所不同，可以开车到山区找一个安静的地方放松。
The only real disadvantage is that winter can be seriously cold!
唯一一处不好就是那里的冬天真的很寒冷。
Denver's changed quite a lot in the last twenty years—many people are moving here for work.
在过去的20年，丹佛真的改变了很多—很多人搬来这里工作。
Unfortunately, the cost of living has also gone up quite a lot."
不幸的是，生活成本也确实上涨了很多。”
Okay, now it's definitely your turn!Talk about your hometown.
好了，现在完全轮到你的主场了！谈论你的家乡。
Make a longer answer like these ones.If you want, you can post your answer in the video comments.
给出一个像这些一样长点的答案。如果你想的话，你可以把你的答案发布在这个视频的评论区里。
We'll give you feedback on your English.That's the end of the lesson.I hope you learned something useful!
我们会针对你的英语给予反馈。这节课结束了。我希望你们学到了有用的东西！
If you want to see more of our free English lessons, check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.Thanks for watching, and see you next time!
如果你想看更多免费的英语课程，登录我们的网页：Oxford Online English dot com。感谢观看，下次再见！